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All descriptions of infectious diseases affecting otters were published in the Northern Hemisphere, with no occurrence identified in neotropical otters ( Lontra longicaudis ). Consequently, a retrospective histopathological study using archival tissue samples from six free-living neotropical otters was done to investigate the possible occurrence of disease patterns associated with common viral infectious disease agents of the domestic dogs. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were designed to identify intralesional tissue antigens of canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) and canine adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2). The most frequent histopathological patterns diagnosed were interstitial pneumonia (83.33%; 6/5) and hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration (50%; 3/6). IHC identified intralesional intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity to CDV antigens in all otters evaluated, with positive immunolabeling occurring within epithelial cells of the lungs, stomach, kidneys, and liver, and skin. Intracytoplasmic CAdV-2 antigens were identified within epithelial cells of the peribronchial glands in four otters with interstitial pneumonia. These findings resulted in singular and simultaneous infections in these neotropical otters, represented the first report of concomitant infections by CDV and CAdV-2 in free-living neotropical otters from the Southern Hemisphere, and suggested that this mammalian species is susceptible to infections by viral disease agents common to the domestic dogs and may develop similar histopathologic disease patterns.

This report presents the pathologic findings associated with disseminated infection due to Cladosporium halotolerans in a dog that was simultaneously infected with canine adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) and canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2). A 12-year-old, mixed breed dog, with a clinical history of neurological manifestations was submitted for routine autopsy due to poor prognosis. The principal pathologic findings were mycotic necrotizing nephritis, hepatitis, and splenitis with embolic dissemination to the brain resulting in mycotic necrotizing meningoencephalitis, ventriculitis, choroid plexitis, and obstructive hydrocephalus associated with intralesional and intravascular septate pigmented fungi. PCR and sequencing of the ITS region of fungi revealed that the intralesional fungal organisms had 82% nucleotide identity with members of the Cladosporium sphaerospermum complex of organisms. However, a PCR assay and sequencing of the beta tubulin gene confirmed that the organism identified in this dog had 100% nucleotide sequence identity with C. halotolerans . Using immunohistochemistry, intralesional antigens of CAdV-1 were identified within the epithelial cells of the liver and lungs; there was positive immunolabeling for CPV-2 antigens in degenerated cardiomyocytes. These findings confirmed the active participation of C. halotolerans in the development of disseminated cladosporiosis in this dog and represent a rare occurrence of concomitant infection with CAdV-1 and CPV-2.

The pathological and molecular findings associated with Histomonas meleagridis are described in a leucistic Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) from Southern Brazil. The most significant gross findings were multifocal necrotizing hepatitis and diphtheric typhlitis. Histopathologic evaluation of the liver, ceca, kidney, spleen, and small intestine revealed systemic histomoniasis (SH) associated with intralesional and intravascular accumulations of histomonad organisms consistent with H. meleagridis. PCR was used to amplify the DNA of H. meleagridis from the liver, ceca, small intestine, spleen, lungs, and kidneys. Direct sequencing and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the isolate of the flagellated trichomonad identified from this investigation is more phylogenetically related to H. meleagridis than Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, Tritrichomonas foetus, and Dientamoeba fragilis. These results confirmed the occurrence of SH in this peafowl and add to the diagnosis of this disease in birds from Brazil. This report might represent the first complete identification of spontaneous histomoniasis in a peafowl due to pathological and molecular characteristics and one of the few documented cases of SH in non-commercial birds.

Tumors affecting Bartholin’s gland are considered rare in human medicine; there are few reports in the veterinary literature, with descriptions occurring only in cows. This article described the clinical and pathological findings associated with Bartholin’s gland adenoma in a goat. Clinically, a 7-year-old pregnant Saanen goat presented bilateral enlargement of the vulva that did not regress spontaneously after parturition. Grossly, these vulvar masses were multilobulated, contained cystic areas from which oozed a whitish fluid. Histopathology revealed an adenoma characterized by the proliferation of irregularly shaped neoplastic epithelial cells that formed tubular to glandular-like structures. These neoplastic cells demonstrated moderate anisokaryosis and evident nucleoli. The intratumoral proliferation index (PI) was estimated by immunoreactivity with the protein ki-67. Further, the glandular-like structures produced a Periodic Acid-Schiff positive secretion. A diagnosis of Bartholin’s gland adenoma was established due to the anatomic location of the neoplastic growths, the histopathological features, and the PI of the tumor. RESUMO: Tumores que afetam a glândula de Bartholin são considerados raros em humanos e há poucos relatos na medicina veterinária, sendo descrito somente em vacas. Este artigo descreve os achados clínicos e patológicos associados ao adenoma na glândula de Bartholin em uma cabra. O animal da raça Saanen, com sete anos de idade e gestante apresentava aumento de volume bilateral na região da vulva, que não regrediu após o parto. Macroscopicamente, a massa era multilobulada, com presença de vários cistos preenchidos por uma secreção esbranquiçada. A histopatologia revelou um adenoma, caracterizado por proliferação de células epiteliais de formato irregular que formavam estruturas tubulares semelhantes à glândulas. Estas células neoplásicas apresentavam anisocariose moderada e nucléolos evidentes. O índice de proliferação celular intratumoral (PI) foi estimado por imunorreatividade à proteína ki-67. Além disso, a secreção produzida por essas estruturas do tipo glandular, foi positiva na coloração do Ácido Periódico-Schiff. O diagnóstico de adenoma da glândula de Bartholin foi estabelecido pela localização anatômica dos tumores neoplásicos, características histopatológicas e à PI do tumor.

The pathologic, molecular, and immunohistochemical findings associated with Neorickettsia helminthoeca are described in coatis (Nasua nasua). Tissue sections (small intestine, lungs, kidney, liver, and spleen) of coatis (n = 3) that died at the Bela Vista Biological Refuge, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, southern Brazil were routinely processed from histopathology. Selected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections of the small intestine, lungs, and spleen were used in an immunohistochemical (IHC) assay designed to identify the antigens of N. helminthoeca. Additionally, FFPE tissue sections of the small intestine were used to demonstrate antigens of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) by IHC. Histopathology revealed chronic enteritis in all coatis. Parasitic enteritis was diagnosed in two coatis; one of these contained examples of a trematode within the lumen of the small intestine and the ovum of a trematode encysted in the intestinal mucosa. Other significant pathologic findings included interstitial pneumonia (n = 2) and pyogranulomatous splenitis (n = 1). Positive immunolabeling for N. helminthoeca was identified within macrophages of the small intestine and reticuloendothelial cells within the germinal centers of the spleen of all coatis; the intestinal trematode was N. helminthoeca IHC-positive. All pulmonary sections revealed negative immunolabeling for N. helminthoeca. Furthermore, the antigens of CPV-2 were not identified in the intestine of any coati. These findings indicate that these coatis were infected by N. helminthoeca, but since clinical and gross pathological findings were not recorded, it is uncertain if this pathogen produced clinical disease in this canid host; therefore, coatis may be asymptomatic or dead-end hosts for this organism.

Tumors affecting Bartholin's gland are considered rare in human medicine; there are few reports in the veterinary literature, with descriptions occurring only in cows. This article described the clinical and pathological findings associated with Bartholin's gland adenoma in a goat. Clinically, a 7-year-old pregnant Saanen goat presented bilateral enlargement of the vulva that did not regress spontaneously after parturition. Grossly, these vulvar masses were multilobulated, contained cystic areas from which oozed a whitish fluid. Histopathology revealed an adenoma characterized by the proliferation of irregularly shaped neoplastic epithelial cells that formed tubular to glandular-like structures. These neoplastic cells demonstrated moderate anisokaryosis and evident nucleoli. The intratumoral proliferation index (PI) was estimated by immunoreactivity with the protein ki-67. Further, the glandular-like structures produced a Periodic Acid- Schiff positive secretion. A diagnosis of Bartholin's gland adenoma was established due to the anatomic location of the neoplastic growths, the histopathological features, and the PI of the tumor. Key words: Histopathology, ki-67 protein, adenoma, major vestibular glands. Tumores que afetam a glandula de Bartholin sao considerados raros em humanos e ha poucos relatos na medicina veterinaria, sendo descrito somente em vacas. Este artigo descreve os achados clinicos e patologicos associados ao adenoma na glandula de Bartholin em uma cabra. O animal da raca Saanen, com sete anos de idade e gestante apresentava aumento de volume bilateral na regiao da vulva, que nao regrediu apos o parto. Macroscopicamente, a massa era multilobulada, com presenca de varios cistos preenchidos por uma secrecao esbranquicada. A histopatologia revelou um adenoma, caracterizado por proliferacao de celulas epiteliais de formato irregular que formavam estruturas tubulares semelhantes a glandulas. Estas celulas neoplasicas apresentavam anisocariose moderada e nucleolos evidentes. O indice de proliferacao celular intratumoral (PI) foi estimado por imunorreatividade a proteina ki-67. Alem disso, a secrecao produzida por essas estruturas do tipo glandular, foi positiva na coloracao do Acido Periodico-Schiff. O diagnostico de adenoma da glandula de Bartholin foi estabelecido pela localizacao anatomica dos tumores neoplasicos, caracteristicas histopatologicas e a PI do tumor. Palavras-chave: histopatologia, ki-67, adenoma, glandulas vestibulares maiores.