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Catalytic supports from natural resources such as biochar are highly appealing for ecological and economic reasons. Here, biochar from pyrolysis of coffee husk, an agribusiness residue, was used as support in the design of a Pd–Fe 3 O 4 -based nanocatalyst applied as H 2 O 2 sensor. The oxidation of o -phenylenediamine by H 2 O 2 was favorably catalyzed at pH 3 with synergistic effects between the magnetized biochar and palladium nanoparticles. Using the Michaelis–Menten model, values for V max of 19.5 × 10 –8  M s −1 and K m of 2.41 mM were recorded for this oxidation reaction. The detection limit for H 2 O 2 was 0.82 µM. It is concluded that magnetized biochar-supported Pd–Fe 3 O 4 nanocatalyst can be used as a valuable hydrogen peroxide sensor. Graphical abstract

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are of significant relevance due to their unique properties, which have been exploited for widespread applications. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) are one of most exploited ENM in the industry due to their excellent catalytic and multi-enzyme mimetic properties. Thus, the toxicological effects of these ENMs should be further studied. In this study, the acute and subchronic toxicity of CeO2-NPs were assessed. First, an in vitro multi-dose short-term (24 h) toxicological assessment was performed in three different cell lines: A549 and Calu3 were used to represented lung tissue and 3T3 was used as an interstitial tissue model. After that, a sub-chronic toxicity assessment (90 days) of these NPs was carried out on a realistic and well-established reconstituted primary human airway epithelial model (MucilAir™), cultured at the Air–Liquid Interface (ALI), to study the long-term effects of these particles. Results showed minor toxicity of CeO2-NPs in acute exposures. However, in subchronic exposures, cytotoxic and inflammatory responses were observed in the human airway epithelial model after 60 days of exposure to CeO2-NPs. These results suggest that acute toxicity approaches may underestimate the toxicological effect of some ENMs, highlighting the need for subchronic toxicological studies in order to accurately assess the toxicity of ENM and their cumulative effects in organisms.

Overuse of N fertilizers in crops has induced the disruption of the N cycle, triggering the release of reactive N (Nr) to the environment. Several EU policies have been developed to address this challenge, establishing targets to reduce agricultural Nr losses. Their achievement could be materialized through the introduction of fertilizing innovations such as incorporating fertilizer into soils, using urease inhibitors, or by adjusting N inputs to crop needs that could impact in both yields and environment. The Murcia region (southeastern Spain) was selected as a paradigmatic case study, since overfertilization has induced severe environmental problems in the region in the last decade, to assess the impact of a set of 8 N fertilizing alternatives on crop yields and environmental Nr losses. Some of these practices imply the reduction of N entering in crops. We followed an integrated approach analyzing the evolution of the region in the long-term (1860–2018) and considering nested spatial- (from grid to region) and systems scales (from crops to the full agro-food system). We hypothesized that, even despite reduction of N inputs, suitable solutions for the abatement of Nr can be identified without compromising crop yields. The most effective option to reduce Nr losses was removing synthetic N fertilizers, leading to 75% reductions in N surpluses mainly due to a reduction of 64% of N inputs, but with associated yield penalties (31%–35%). The most feasible alternative was the removal of urea, resulting in 19% reductions of N inputs, 15%–21% declines in N surplus, and negligible yield losses. While these measures are applied at the field scale, their potential to produce a valuable change can only be assessed at regional scale. Because of this, a spatial analysis was performed showing that largest Nr losses occurred in irrigated horticultural crops. The policy implications of the results are discussed.

Background: Overuse of short-acting reliever inhalers, particularly short-acting β2-agonists (SABAs), is linked to poor asthma control, higher exacerbation risk, and increased mortality. Data on reliever overuse in severe asthma and the role of short-acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMAs) remain limited. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of rescue inhaler overuse in adults with severe asthma and examine its associations with maintenance therapy adherence, biologic treatment, oral corticosteroid use, asthma control, lung function, allergic sensitization, and comorbidities. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 223 adults with severe asthma followed at a tertiary multidisciplinary clinic in 2024. Clinical, functional, pharmacological, and pharmacy-dispensing records were reviewed. Rescue inhaler overuse was defined as dispensing ≥ 3 SABA and/or SAMA canisters per 12 months. Associations with clinical and treatment variables were analyzed. Results: Among 223 patients, 144 (64.6%) had a prescribed rescue inhaler; 85 (38.1%) met the criteria for overuse. Of those prescribed rescue therapy, 59.0% overused, with 47.2% classified as low overuse and 11.1% as high overuse. Overuse was more frequent in patients with maintenance adherence > 50%. Biologic therapy was associated with reduced odds of overuse, while oral corticosteroid use showed no significant effect. Poor asthma control (ACT < 20) was strongly associated with overuse. Lung function did not differ significantly, though overusers tended to have lower FEV1. Allergic sensitization was not associated with overuse; bronchiectasis was the comorbidity most frequently linked. Conclusions: Rescue inhaler overuse is common in severe asthma and closely linked to inadequate disease control. Lower overuse rates among biologic-treated patients suggest improved control reduces reliance on short-acting relievers. Systematic monitoring of reliever use may help identify high-risk patients and guide individualized management strategies.

: Overuse of short-acting reliever inhalers, particularly short-acting β -agonists (SABAs), is linked to poor asthma control, higher exacerbation risk, and increased mortality. Data on reliever overuse in severe asthma and the role of short-acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMAs) remain limited. : This study aims to assess the prevalence of rescue inhaler overuse in adults with severe asthma and examine its associations with maintenance therapy adherence, biologic treatment, oral corticosteroid use, asthma control, lung function, allergic sensitization, and comorbidities. : We conducted a retrospective observational study of 223 adults with severe asthma followed at a tertiary multidisciplinary clinic in 2024. Clinical, functional, pharmacological, and pharmacy-dispensing records were reviewed. Rescue inhaler overuse was defined as dispensing ≥ 3 SABA and/or SAMA canisters per 12 months. Associations with clinical and treatment variables were analyzed. : Among 223 patients, 144 (64.6%) had a prescribed rescue inhaler; 85 (38.1%) met the criteria for overuse. Of those prescribed rescue therapy, 59.0% overused, with 47.2% classified as low overuse and 11.1% as high overuse. Overuse was more frequent in patients with maintenance adherence > 50%. Biologic therapy was associated with reduced odds of overuse, while oral corticosteroid use showed no significant effect. Poor asthma control (ACT < 20) was strongly associated with overuse. Lung function did not differ significantly, though overusers tended to have lower FEV . Allergic sensitization was not associated with overuse; bronchiectasis was the comorbidity most frequently linked. : Rescue inhaler overuse is common in severe asthma and closely linked to inadequate disease control. Lower overuse rates among biologic-treated patients suggest improved control reduces reliance on short-acting relievers. Systematic monitoring of reliever use may help identify high-risk patients and guide individualized management strategies.

Background: Overuse of short-acting reliever inhalers, particularly short-acting β[sub.2]-agonists (SABAs), is linked to poor asthma control, higher exacerbation risk, and increased mortality. Data on reliever overuse in severe asthma and the role of short-acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMAs) remain limited. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of rescue inhaler overuse in adults with severe asthma and examine its associations with maintenance therapy adherence, biologic treatment, oral corticosteroid use, asthma control, lung function, allergic sensitization, and comorbidities. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 223 adults with severe asthma followed at a tertiary multidisciplinary clinic in 2024. Clinical, functional, pharmacological, and pharmacy-dispensing records were reviewed. Rescue inhaler overuse was defined as dispensing ≥ 3 SABA and/or SAMA canisters per 12 months. Associations with clinical and treatment variables were analyzed. Results: Among 223 patients, 144 (64.6%) had a prescribed rescue inhaler; 85 (38.1%) met the criteria for overuse. Of those prescribed rescue therapy, 59.0% overused, with 47.2% classified as low overuse and 11.1% as high overuse. Overuse was more frequent in patients with maintenance adherence > 50%. Biologic therapy was associated with reduced odds of overuse, while oral corticosteroid use showed no significant effect. Poor asthma control (ACT < 20) was strongly associated with overuse. Lung function did not differ significantly, though overusers tended to have lower FEV[sub.1]. Allergic sensitization was not associated with overuse; bronchiectasis was the comorbidity most frequently linked. Conclusions: Rescue inhaler overuse is common in severe asthma and closely linked to inadequate disease control. Lower overuse rates among biologic-treated patients suggest improved control reduces reliance on short-acting relievers. Systematic monitoring of reliever use may help identify high-risk patients and guide individualized management strategies.

Background During care transitions, discrepancies and medication errors often occur, putting patients at risk, especially older patients with polypharmacy. Objective To assess the results of a medication reconciliation and information programme for discharge of geriatric patients conducted through hospital information systems. Setting A 1300-bed university hospital in Madrid, Spain. Method A prospective observational study. Geriatricians selected candidates for medication reconciliation at discharge, and sent an electronic inter-consultation request to the pharmacy department. Pharmacists reviewed the medication list, comparing it with electronic prescriptions, medication previously prescribed by primary care physicians and other medical records, and resolved any discrepancies. An individualized and tailored drug information at discharge sheet was sent to geriatricians and made available to primary care physicians. Main outcome measure The number and type of discrepancies, the number, type and severity of errors, and the main pharmacological groups involved. Results Medication reconciliation was performed for 118 patients with a mean age of 87 years (SD 5.9), involving a total of 2054 medications, or 17.4 per patient. Discrepancies were found in 723 (35 %) drugs, 105 of which were considered medication errors (15 %); 66 patients (56 %) had at least one error. This gave 0.9 reconciliation errors per patient reviewed and 1.6 per patient with errors. Of the 105 errors, 14 (13 %) were considered serious. The most frequent errors were incomplete prescriptions (40 %) and omissions (35 %). Conclusion An electronic medication reconciliation programme helps pharmacists detect serious medication errors in frail elderly patients and provides complete and up-to-date written information to prevent additional errors at home.

Modeling human mobility is critical to address questions in urban planning, sustainability, public health, and economic development. However, our understanding and ability to model flows between urban areas are still incomplete. At one end of the modeling spectrum we have gravity models, which are easy to interpret but provide modestly accurate predictions of flows. At the other end, we have machine learning models, with tens of features and thousands of parameters, which predict mobility more accurately than gravity models but do not provide clear insights on human behavior. Here, we show that simple machine-learned, closed-form models of mobility can predict mobility flows as accurately as complex machine learning models, and extrapolate better. Moreover, these models are simple and gravity-like, and can be interpreted similarly to standard gravity models. These models work for different datasets and at different scales, suggesting that they may capture the fundamental universal features of human mobility. Modeling human mobility is key for urban planning, sustainability, public health, and economic development. The authors show that simple machine-learned closed-form models are as predictive of mobility flows as complex machine learning models, perform well in extrapolation, work across datasets and scales, and are gravity-like and thus interpretable.

Objective. Cognitive impairment reduces quality of life and is related to vascular and neurodegenerative disorders. However, there is also a close relationship between these diseases and oxidative stress. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess whether inflammation and oxidative damage are associated with low cognitive performance in the elderly with different housing conditions. Methods. The study groups consisted of 32 institutionalized and 25 noninstitutionalized Brazilian elderly subjects. Oxidative damage, inflammation markers, and cognitive function were evaluated. Results. The results demonstrated pronounced oxidative stress in the institutionalized elderly group, which also had a lower antioxidant status compared to noninstitutionalized subjects. High levels of proinflammatory cytokines were also observed in the institutionalized elderly. Furthermore, the raised levels of inflammatory markers were correlated with increased oxidative stress, and both were associated with low cognitive performance. However, based on multiple linear regression analysis, oxidative stress appears to be the main factor responsible for the cognitive decline. Conclusions. The findings suggest that individuals with lower antioxidant status are more vulnerable to oxidative stress, which is associated with cognitive function, leading to reduced life quality and expectancy.

Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) play a crucial role in skeletal muscle regeneration, as they generate a favorable niche that allows satellite cells to perform efficient muscle regeneration. After muscle injury, FAP content increases rapidly within the injured muscle, the origin of which has been attributed to their proliferation within the muscle itself. However, recent single-cell RNAseq approaches have revealed phenotype and functional heterogeneity in FAPs, raising the question of how this differentiation of regenerative subtypes occurs. Here we report that FAP-like cells residing in subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScAT), the adipose stromal cells (ASCs), are rapidly released from ScAT in response to muscle injury. Additionally, we find that released ASCs infiltrate the damaged muscle, via a platelet-dependent mechanism and thus contribute to the FAP heterogeneity. Moreover, we show that either blocking ASCs infiltration or removing ASCs tissue source impair muscle regeneration. Collectively, our data reveal that ScAT is an unsuspected physiological reservoir of regenerative cells that support skeletal muscle regeneration, underlining a beneficial relationship between muscle and fat. The dynamics of fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) after muscle injury are crucial to ensure efficient regeneration. Here the authors show that a pool of FAPs originates from adipose tissue and are necessary for effective muscle regeneration.