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We expand the previous study on the link between green monetary policy index (GMP) and environmental sustainability (ES) by empirically examining the moderating role of institutional quality. Various econometric approaches were employed in the data set of 17 European Union (EU) member nations from 2001 to 2022. As in previous studies, our estimation results demonstrate that promoting green monetary policies can increase overall environmental performance (EPI). Additionally, promoting specific policies such as GMP_Credit_Operations, GMP_Foreign_Asset_Purchases, and GMP_Domestic_Asset_Purchases can also increase one of the three environmental performance aspects. To further discuss the role of GMP, we reveal the impacts of green monetary policies on three dimensions of ES over different time horizons. The results show that GMP has a positive impact, making ES more likely to persist in the long term. Finally, we analyze the interaction between variables representing institutional quality and the impact of GMP on ES. According to our results, nations with well-developed institutional structures may have a greater favourable impact on green monetary strategies.

This study utilizes an extended time-varying autoregression model to examine contemporaneous and lagged linkages between environmental innovation and foreign aid in Vietnam from 1994 to 2022. The R2 decomposed linkage method is also employed as a robustness check. Our analysis reveals that, prior to 2015, environmental innovation drove foreign aid, facilitating key projects like solar power and waste management improvements. However, from 2015 onward, foreign aid began to overshadow environmental innovation, indicating a growing dependency on external support amidst slower domestic resource development. Furthermore, environmental innovation initially influenced economic growth but later became increasingly responsive to economic expansion. Environmental innovation’s interaction with CO2 emissions and HDI also evolved, showing its critical role in both environmental and human development. These findings suggest that effective policy should balance economic growth with sustained investment in environmental innovations to achieve long-term sustainability.

This study investigates the impact of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection and the regulatory role of third countries on exports from Northeast Asian countries (NEAs) during the period 2006-2017. Using the System Generalized Method of Moments (sys-GMM) estimation, the study analyzes how IPR protection in importing countries affects NEA exports across different product categories. The results show that stronger IPR protection in importing countries significantly boosts NEA exports of copyable goods such as primary products, natural resource-intensive goods, and unskilled labor-intensive goods through the market expansion effect. The presence of third countries enhances this effect through increased competition. However, for technology- and human-capital-intensive goods, third-country incentives modify the impact of IPR protection, suggesting a shift toward market power effects. The effect of IPR protection on exports varies across product types and is significantly influenced by third-country competition. The findings suggest that NEA countries should enhance R&D, upgrade trade infrastructure, and promote trade liberalization. Furthermore, linking export profiles with third countries can help maximize the benefits of IPR protection and maintain export competitiveness in the global market.

SERVPERF (Service Performance) tool needs to be adapted to the context and the usage purpose. Our study aimed to validate the context adapted SERVPERF tool in an Oncology public hospital in Vietnam. A study was conducted in 2020 with 227 in-patients as respondents the modified SERVPERF tool. Data collected were analyzed for tool assessment (reliability and validity). The new order in 5 factors in the modified tool were: (1) Responsiveness; (2) Empathy; (3) Reliability; (4) Tangible and (5) Assurance. The modified tool has a high Cronbach’s alpha of .94. The tool validity was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) where the healthcare service quality item corresponds as χ2/df = 3.79, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.85, Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.83, and Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.08 are good fit indices. The modified tool SERVPERF with high reliability and validity could be applied for measuring the clients’ perceptions about healthcare service quality in other Oncology public hospitals in Vietnam.

This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective and therapeutic effects of Diospyros kaki L.f. leaves (DK) on transient focal cerebral ischemic injury and underlying mechanisms using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of mice. The animals received the MCAO operation on day 0. The daily administrations of DK (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o) and edaravone (6 mg/kg, i.v), a reference drug with radical scavenging activity, were started 7 days before (pre-treatment) or immediately after the MCAO operation (post-treatment) and continued during the experimental period. Histochemical, biochemical, and neurological changes and cognitive performance were evaluated. MCAO caused cerebral infarction and neuronal cell loss in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus in a manner accompanied by spatial cognitive deficits. These neurological and cognitive impairments caused by MCAO were significantly attenuated by pre- and post-ischemic treatments with DK and edaravone, suggesting that DK, like edaravone, has therapeutic potential for cerebral ischemia-induced brain damage. DK and edaravone suppressed MCAO-induced changes in biomarkers for apoptosis (TUNEL-positive cell number and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression) and oxidative stress (glutathione and malondialdehyde contents) in the brain. Interestingly, DK, but not edaravone, mitigated an increase in blood–brain permeability and down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression caused by MCAO. Although the exact chemical constituents implicated in the effects of DK remain to be clarified, the present results indicate that DK exerts neuroprotective and therapeutic activity against transient focal cerebral ischemia-induced injury probably by suppressing oxidative stress, apoptotic process, and mechanisms impairing blood–brain barrier integrity in the brain. Graphical abstract

In this study, MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by the condensation of a tetraorthosilicate precursor on a template self-assembled by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in alkaline. The small-angle x-ray diffraction patterns of MCM-41 indicate that silica nanoparticles possess hexagonal structures with a high degree of structural ordering. Transmission electron microscopy images show that the size of the MCM-41 particles is around 100-120 nm, and the pore sizes range from 2 nm to 4 nm. In addition, the specific surface area of MCM-41 obtained by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis is as high as 987 m 2 .g −1 and the pore size extracted from nitrogen physical adsorption isotherms is in accordance with the TEM result. Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Zeta potential measurements and photoluminescence measurements show that 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and doxorubicin were grafted and loaded successfully onto MCM-41 nanoparticles. An assay on fibroblasts, A549 and doxorubicin-resistant A549/DOX cells indicates that the prepared MCM41 grafting APTES nanoparticles are safe to normal cells and toxic to cancer cells in vitro . Graphic abstract

We report a superspreading event of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection initiated at a bar in Vietnam with evidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission, based on ministry of health reports, patient interviews, and whole-genome sequence analysis. Crowds in enclosed indoor settings with poor ventilation may be considered at high risk for transmission.

Background Salivary gland carcinoma is a rare malignancy with diverse histological subtypes and poor prognosis, particularly when diagnosed at advanced stages. Recent evidence suggests that biomarkers such as CD73 and VEGF may play important roles in tumor progression and immune evasion, yet limited studies have evaluated their expression and clinical significance in Southeast Asian populations. This study aimed to determine the expression rates of CD73 and VEGF in salivary gland carcinoma and identify clinicopathological factors associated with their expression in a Vietnamese patient cohort. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 111 salivary gland carcinoma patients who underwent surgical treatment in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Immunohistochemical analysis of CD73, VEGF, and Ki-67 expression was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor samples. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors independently associated with biomarker expression. Results CD73 and VEGF were expressed in 53.2% and 66.7% of salivary gland carcinoma cases, respectively. CD73 expression was significantly associated with female gender (OR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.07–7.01), tumor stage T2 (OR = 6.59, 95% CI 1.36–31.90) and T4 (OR = 9.13, 95% CI 1.68–49.66), mucoepidermoid carcinoma subtype (OR = 10.62, 95% CI 2.77–40.69), and higher Ki-67 levels (OR = 3.61 per 10% increase, 95% CI 1.26–10.31). In contrast, lymph node level N2 was inversely associated with CD73 (OR = 0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.70). VEGF expression was independently more likely in patients with normal body mass index compared to those who were overweight or obese (OR = 0.30 for overweight/obese vs. normal, 95% CI 0.12–0.78), and was also associated with increased Ki-67 expression (OR = 2.95, 95% CI 1.09–7.99). Conclusions High expression rates of CD73 and VEGF suggest their potential as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in salivary gland carcinoma. Their associations with tumor stage, histology, BMI, and proliferation index (Ki-67) highlight the need for further research on personalized treatments. These findings provide important insights into biomarker expression in Vietnamese salivary gland carcinoma patients and lay the groundwork for biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies.

Talaromyces marneffei is a dimorphic fungus that causes substantial disease in Asia, especially among persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. In this randomized, controlled trial, initial therapy with amphotericin B was found to be superior to itraconazole. The dimorphic fungus Talaromyces (previously Penicillium ) marneffei causes a life-threatening mycosis in immunocompromised persons living in or traveling to Southeast Asia, China, and India. 1 Talaromycosis (previously penicilliosis) is a major cause of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related death; its prevalence is surpassed only by the prevalence of tuberculosis and cryptococcosis, 2 and it leads to 4 to 15% of HIV-related hospital admissions in regions in which the disease is endemic. 3 – 7 Talaromycosis is increasingly diagnosed among patients who are not infected with HIV but who have other immunodeficiency conditions 8 and is reported to be the second most common cause of all . . .