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As the years progress there has been rapid growth in Blended Learning (BL) adoption, but only few research focused on adoption issues related to learners, academic staffs and management. Thus, research is needed to guide universities in strategically examining learners, academic staffs and management adoption of BL. Accordingly, this study develops a model to facilitate university policy makers in their decision making to assess students learning and academic staffs teaching outcome. Furthermore, this study explores on the factors that influence BL adoption in universities, through an empirical study from the perspectives of learners, academic staffs, and management. In particular, it examines the current BL practice adoption effectiveness in universities. Based on extensive review of prior studies, survey questionnaires was designed and distributed to convenience samples of 87 students, academic staffs, and management in 3 Malaysia universities to validate the developed model. Next, Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the survey data. Findings reveal that supportive factors, attitude, learning mode, satisfaction, course management, and ease of use positively predict the perception of learners and academic staffs’ to adopt BL. Similarly, findings suggest that the perception of management towards BL adoption is positively determined by the strategy, structure, and support factors. Moreover, findings reveal that the impact of BL on learners’ effectiveness is positively predicted by achievement, engagement, involvement, retention, and cognitive outcome. Additionally, findings suggest that the impact BL on academic staffs’ effectiveness is significantly influence by delivery, performance, evaluation, motivation. Theoretical implications from this study contribute to enhance teaching quality by enriching course management, improving learning content, and facilitate management policies towards effective BL adoption.

PurposeBlended learning (BL) has been increasing in popularity and demand and has developed as a common practice in institutions of higher learning. Therefore, this study develops a model to evaluate the critical predictors that determine students' acceptance and deployment of BL in institutions of higher education based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB).Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis entails data collected from 1,811 responses from an online survey questionnaire from students in Malaysian universities, colleges and polytechnics. Partial least square–structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM) was employed for data analysis.FindingsThe results reveal that the attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy were found to influence students' intention to accept BL. Moreover, results suggest that the intention of students to accept BL approach is significantly influenced by actual BL deployment.Research limitations/implicationsData were collected from students in universities, colleges and polytechnics only. Besides, this research is one of the limited studies that explored BL deployment in a Malaysian perspective.Practical implicationsFindings from this research not only add scientific evidence to BL literature but also provide a better understanding of the predictors that may motivate or discourage learners to deploy BL in institutions of higher learning.Social implicationsRespectively, findings from this study aid students to acquire and apply knowledge on how to effectively improve BL initiatives in learning activities.Originality/valueThis study is one of the fewer studies that investigate students' behavioral intentions toward BL deployment in Malaysia. Additionally, this study contributes to the understanding of the predictors that influence students' intention to accept and deploy BL in their respective institutions.

This study investigates Saudi Arabian English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' preferences for metacognitive strategy instruction and the factors influencing its classroom implementation.  Utilizing a Glaserian grounded theory approach to develop a theoretical model, the research adopted a qualitative methodology. Data collection involved video-recorded observations of three teachers, followed by semi-structured interviews integrating stimulated recall, and subsequent data verification. Findings revealed that the integration of specialized EFL teacher education with strategic pedagogical practices directly nurtures autonomous learning skills in EFL learners. The study identified effective classroom management and an adaptable pedagogical approach as two main factors critically impacting this process.

This study investigates Saudi Arabian English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' preferences for metacognitive strategy instruction and the factors influencing its classroom implementation.  Utilizing a Glaserian grounded theory approach to develop a theoretical model, the research adopted a qualitative methodology. Data collection involved video-recorded observations of three teachers, followed by semi-structured interviews integrating stimulated recall, and subsequent data verification. Findings revealed that the integration of specialized EFL teacher education with strategic pedagogical practices directly nurtures autonomous learning skills in EFL learners. The study identified effective classroom management and an adaptable pedagogical approach as two main factors critically impacting this process.

This study investigates Saudi Arabian English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' preferences for metacognitive strategy instruction and the factors influencing its classroom implementation.  Utilizing a Glaserian grounded theory approach to develop a theoretical model, the research adopted a qualitative methodology. Data collection involved video-recorded observations of three teachers, followed by semi-structured interviews integrating stimulated recall, and subsequent data verification. Findings revealed that the integration of specialized EFL teacher education with strategic pedagogical practices directly nurtures autonomous learning skills in EFL learners. The study identified effective classroom management and an adaptable pedagogical approach as two main factors critically impacting this process.

Eighty-one female and sixty-seven male undergraduates at a Malaysian university, from seven faculties and a Center for Language Studies completed a Computer Self-Efficacy Scale, Computer Anxiety Scale, and an Attitudes toward the Internet Scale and give information about their use of the Internet. This survey research investigated undergraduates' computer anxiety, computer self-efficacy, and reported use of and attitudes toward the Internet. This study also examined differences in computer anxiety, computer self-efficacy, attitudes toward the Internet and reported use of the Internet for undergraduates with different demographic variables. The findings suggest that the undergraduates had moderate computer anxiousness, medium attitudes toward the Internet, and high computer self-efficacy and used the Internet extensively for educational purposes such as doing research, downloading electronic resources and e-mail communications. This study challenges the long perceived male bias in the computer environment and supports recent studies that have identified greater gender equivalence in interest, use, and skills levels. However, there were differences in undergraduates' Internet usage levels based on the discipline of study. Furthermore, higher levels of Internet usage did not necessarily translate into better computer self-efficacy among the undergraduates. A more important factor in determining computer self-efficacy could be the discipline of study and undergraduates studying computer related disciplines appeared to have higher self-efficacy towards computers and the Internet. Undergraduates who used the Internet more often may not necessarily feel more comfortable using them. Possibly, other factors such as the types of application used, the purpose for using, and individual satisfaction could also influence computer self-efficacy and computer anxiety. However, although Internet usage levels may not have any impact on computer self-efficacy, higher usage of the Internet does seem to decrease the levels of computer anxiety among the undergraduates. Undergraduates with lower computer anxiousness demonstrated more positive attitudes toward the Internet in this study.

The main aim of this research was to investigate metacognitive strategies through reading comprehension practice by first year students of engineering departments. The students of four engineering departments were selected as the participants in this research work. The qualitative instrument based on focus group interview was used for collecting data from first year students of four engineering departments to know the perceptions and their needs to develop reading comprehension through metacognitive strategies. The researchers developed interview questions for this study. These questions were validated by two experts of faculty of cognitive science and human development at university Malaysia Sarawak. The researchers obtained permission from the chairmen of four departments at a university in Pakistan. Almost 8 groups consisting of 5 informants in each participated in this research. The data was documented by using audio-tape; NVivo software, version 8 was used to organize data for obtaining main themes of the study. This research generated the most important themes for the interpretation of the results. The study contributed the most promising results which revealed that more than half of these groups used metacognitive strategies in classroom reading practice while less than half of groups did not use strategies and remained poor in reading comprehension. This research suggested administrators, teachers, and curriculum designers to design and implement reading comprehension courses and syllabus for first year engineering students.

This study investigates Saudi Arabian English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' preferences for metacognitive strategy instruction and the factors influencing its classroom implementation. Utilizing a Glaserian grounded theory approach to develop a theoretical model, the research adopted a qualitative methodology. Data collection involved video-recorded observations of three teachers, followed by semi-structured interviews integrating stimulated recall, and subsequent data verification. Findings revealed that the integration of specialized EFL teacher education with strategic pedagogical practices directly nurtures autonomous learning skills in EFL learners. The study identified effective classroom management and an adaptable pedagogical approach as two main factors critically impacting this process.

Aim: This article guides novice researchers in preparing a basic qualitative research proposal. It covers the underlying reasons for conducting qualitative research, key concepts, and the basic process flow in preparing a doable qualitative proposal: research problem, central research question, research questions, and corresponding interview questions. Methodology: Several key steps in preparing the proposal are explained and supported with tables or illustrations. Qualitative research was selected because, as Creswell and Poth (2018) and Tracy (2020) noted, it effectively examines complex social phenomena. Qualitative approaches capture the complexity and diversity of human experiences, especially when discussing complex motivations, beliefs, and processes that are difficult to measure. Findings: The paper focuses on important methodological considerations like research problem formulation, research questions, and interview question design, giving new researchers a basic understanding of how Creswell and Poth (2018) and Tracy (2020) noted to create a rigorous qualitative proposal. Conclusions: Rather than presenting an empirical study, this paper serves as a methodological guide, offering a structured framework for conducting qualitative research and ensuring methodological rigor in generating meaningful insights. Recommendations: It aims to equip early-stage researchers with the necessary skills to navigate qualitative inquiry effectively through interview-based approaches.

Kelestarian dana merupakan isu penting terutamanya bagi institusi yang bukan berasaskan keuntungan seperti masjid. Dana yang lestari membantu masjid memainkan peranan dan fungsinya yang pelbagai secara berterusan untuk memberi manfaat kepada masyarakat pada masa sekarang dan akan datang. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti (i) sumber dana; (ii) aktiviti pengimarahan; dan (iii) perkhidmatan komuniti yang disediakan; serta (iv) meneroka faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada kelestarian dana masjid-masjid di Negeri Sarawak. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan reka bentuk kajian kes, melibatkan 16 informan yang merupakan Ahli Jawatankusa Pengurusan Masjid. Sebanyak lima buah masjid yang dikategorikan oleh Jabatan Agama Islam Sarawak (JAIS) sebagai masjid yang aktif dengan aktiviti pengimarahan serta mempunyai dana yang lestari dipilih sebagai sampel kajian ini. Kaedah pengumpulan data pula menggunakan kaedah temu bual berstruktur dan penganalisaan dokumen manakala analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis kandungan. Hasil kajian mendapati derma orang ramai melalui kutipan Jumaat, derma berasaskan keperluan dan aktiviti masjid merupakan sumber dana utama bagi masjid-masjid di Negeri Sarawak. Hasil kajian juga mendapati masjid-masjid tersebut aktif melaksanakan aktiviti pengimarahan yang dijalankan secara mingguan, bulanan dan tahunan manakala perkhidmatan komuniti pula merangkumi aspek kebajikan, pendidikan dan sokongan sosial. Kekerapan aktiviti pengimarahan serta perkhidmatan komuniti yang dilaksanakan oleh masjid mendorong jemaah untuk terus menyumbang kepada dana masjid. Kesedaran yang tinggi untuk menderma dalam kalangan masyarakat setempat juga menyumbang kepada perolehan dana masjid. Implikasi kajian menyarankan agar institusi masjid dapat mengusahakan sumber dana lain yang dijana melalui pendapatan dan tidak terlalu bergantung sepenuhnya dengan sumbangan dan derma orang ramai. Aktiviti pengimarahan dan perkhidmatan komuniti yang sedia ada boleh dipelbagaikan dan diperluaskan agar dapat memberikan manfaat bukan sahaja kepada komuniti setempat tetapi umat Islam di Sarawak amnya.