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This study aimed to determine the impact of dysglycemia on myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction in acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs). From 2005 to 2016, a total of 1,593 patients with AMIs who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled. The patients were classified into five groups according to the admission glucose level: ≤80, 81 to 140, 141 to 200, 201 to 260, and ≥261 mg/dL. The clinical and echocardiographic parameters and 30-day mortality were analyzed. The peak troponin I and white blood cell levels had a positive linear relationship to the admission glucose level. The left ventricular ejection fraction had an inverted U-shape trend, and the E/E' ratio was U-shaped based on euglycemia. The 30-day mortality also increased as the admission glucose increased, and the cut-off value for predicting the mortality was 202.5 mg/dL. Dysglycemia, especially hyperglycemia, appears to be associated with myocardial injury and could be another adjunctive parameter for predicting mortality in patients with AMIs.

This study aimed to determine the impact of dysglycemia on myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction in acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs). From 2005 to 2016, a total of 1,593 patients with AMIs who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled. The patients were classified into five groups according to the admission glucose level: ≤80, 81 to 140, 141 to 200, 201 to 260, and ≥261 mg/dL. The clinical and echocardiographic parameters and 30-day mortality were analyzed. The peak troponin I and white blood cell levels had a positive linear relationship to the admission glucose level. The left ventricular ejection fraction had an inverted U-shape trend, and the E/E’ ratio was U-shaped based on euglycemia. The 30-day mortality also increased as the admission glucose increased, and the cut-off value for predicting the mortality was 202.5 mg/dL. Dysglycemia, especially hyperglycemia, appears to be associated with myocardial injury and could be another adjunctive parameter for predicting mortality in patients with AMIs.

Kearns-Sayre syndrome （KSS） is an extremely rare form ofmitochondrial myopathy characterized by progressive external ophthalmoplegia, bilateral pigmentary retinopathy, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. In addition, KSS patients might present with proximal muscle weakness, diabetes mellitus, hearing loss, cerebellar ataxia, and elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein levels.

What are the main findings? An integrated framework was established to connect optical design, NIIRS, and object detection using NEONSAT-1 imagery. In the NEONSAT-1 experiments, system MTF and simulated GSD changes were reflected in NIIRS, while detection response varied by scene, product type, and target class. What are the implications of the main findings? NIIRS is useful for estimating detection potential, but it should not be used as a single universal indicator for all target classes. The proposed framework provides a baseline for future image quality assessment across a micro-satellite constellation. For micro-satellite constellations, frequent Earth observation alone does not guarantee archive usability; the archive is operationally useful only when the spatial image quality remains adequate for downstream exploitation. This study presents an integrated framework for assessing spatial image quality using NEONSAT-1 imagery by linking optical design analysis, image simulation, GIQE-based NIIRS estimation, and YOLOv8-based object detection within a single workflow. NEONSAT-1 panchromatic (PAN), pan-sharpened (PS), and multispectral (MS) products were analyzed together with controlled simulations of system MTF, altitude-dependent GSD variation, and super-resolution processing. Among the native products, PS imagery showed the highest NIIRS and overall detection performance. In the controlled experiments, higher system MTF increased RER and NIIRS, while lower simulated altitude generally produced finer GSD and higher NIIRS for both PS and PAN products. However, detection performance varied by scene, product type, and target class and did not increase in direct proportion to NIIRS. In the super-resolution case study, ×2 SR provided the most consistent NIIRS improvement, whereas detection responses at higher SR scales were target class dependent. These results suggest that spatial image quality should be evaluated not only through interpretability metrics such as NIIRS but also in relation to practical downstream performance. The proposed framework provides a baseline for future constellation-scale image quality assessment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic performance of perfusion CT for prediction of hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke.MethodsA computerized literature search of Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted up to October 29, 2018. Search terms included acute ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic transformation, and perfusion CT. Studies assessing the diagnostic performance of perfusion CT for prediction of hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke were included. Two reviewers independently evaluated the eligibility of the studies. A bivariate random effects model was used to calculate the pooled sensitivity and pooled specificity. Multiple subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsFifteen original articles with a total of 1134 patients were included. High blood-brain barrier permeability and hypoperfusion status derived from perfusion CT are associated with hemorrhagic transformation. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 84% (95% CI, 71–91%) and 74% (95% CI, 67–81%), respectively. The area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.81–0.87). The Higgins I2 statistic demonstrated that heterogeneity was present in the sensitivity (I2 = 80.21%) and specificity (I2 = 85.94%).ConclusionAlthough various perfusion CT parameters have been used across studies, the current evidence supports the use of perfusion CT to predict hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke.Key Points• High blood-brain barrier permeability and hypoperfusion status derived from perfusion CT were associated with hemorrhagic transformation.• Perfusion CT has moderate diagnostic performance for the prediction of hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke.• The pooled sensitivity was 84%, and the pooled specificity was 74%.

Proper placental development in early pregnancy ensures a positive outcome later on. The developmental relationship between the placenta and embryonic organs, such as the heart, is crucial for a normal pregnancy. However, the mechanism through which the placenta influences the development of embryonic organs remains unclear. Trophoblasts fuse to form multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts (SynT), which primarily make up the placental materno-fetal interface. We discovered that endogenous progesterone immunomodulatory binding factor 1 (PIBF1) is vital for trophoblast differentiation and fusion into SynT in humans and mice. PIBF1 facilitates communication between SynT and adjacent vascular cells, promoting vascular network development in the primary placenta. This process affected the early development of the embryonic cardiovascular system in mice. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that PIBF1 promotes the development of cardiovascular characteristics in heart organoids. Our findings show how SynTs organize the barrier and imply their possible roles in supporting embryogenesis, including cardiovascular development. SynT-derived factors and SynT within the placenta may play critical roles in ensuring proper organogenesis of other organs in the embryo. The genetic link between placenta function and congenital heart defects has been established, though the cellular mechanisms underlying this connection is less clear. Here they show that PIBF1 regulates syncytiotrophoblast fusion and that loss of PIBF1 also negatively impacts heart development, providing a potential link between the development of these two organs.

In this paper, the distributed method for alternating current optimal power flow (AC OPF) based on second order cone programming (SOCP) and consensus alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is proposed. Due to recent trend toward distributed energy resources in distribution systems, the AC OPF problem has become a difficult challenge to distribution market operators. The difficulties of the AC OPF problem are non-convex and long computational time. To secure the convexity, the SOCP is introduced when formulating the problem. The performance of the SOCP is verified by comparing with the direct current optimal power flow, which is a widely known method to secure convexity, in terms of the dispatch and cost of generation. To shorten the computational time, the consensus ADMM is introduced when solving the problem. The OPF problem is decomposed into sub-problems, which account for the power flow of a single bus. Then, the sub-problems are solved using the consensus ADMM, which consists of parallel computing and communication. Finally, the performance of the SOCP and consensus ADMM is verified by a three-bus radial test system. By using the SOCP, the AC OPF becomes a convex problem while maintaining its modeling rigorousness. By using the consensus ADMM, the OPF problem is solved in distributed manner while having the same result of the centralized method. Furthermore, the effect of the ADMM parameter on the convergence speed is verified.

With increasing climate crisis concerns, interest in primary production of marine ecosystems is also increasing. Recently, artificial transplantation of canopy-forming seaweed has been carried out to increase coastal productivity, but the contribution of this strategy to inorganic carbon uptake has not been evaluated. Here, we estimated photosynthetic uptake of total inorganic carbon (TIC) by measuring the population and community productivity of artificial reefs (ARs) implanted with seaweed (dominated by Ecklonia cava ) to determine TIC uptake efficiency of the transplanted seaweed and ecosystem respiration. The community-level of TIC uptake rate in the ARs ecosystem was measured using a 24-h tent incubation method in July and October 2021 in the East Sea of Korea. From these experiments, GCP and NCP (gross and net community production, respectively) ranged from 0.81–4.84 g C m −2  day −1 and from -2.08–1.91 g C m −2  day −1 , respectively. We also measured photosynthesis-irradiance curves of E. cava (population level) to estimate individual inorganic carbon uptake rate in October 2021. GPP and NPP (gross and net primary productivity) were 132.47 and 6.83 mg C ind. −1  day −1 , respectively. Based on these results, we estimated TIC uptake rates via photosynthesis of ARs seaweed beds at a community level. About 95% of GCP was allocated for E. cava respiration, but seaweed-associated respiration at different trophic levels (i.e., microbial and meiofauna/macrofauna respiration) was allocated an additional 20%, creating a net heterotrophic environment. Together, productivity differences at the population and community levels are key in explaining seaweed contribution to TIC uptake and respiration at the community level.

The potential negative impact of lymphatic dysfunction caused by head and neck cancer treatment remains underexplored. Emerging evidence suggests that waste clearance and fluidic balance in the brain are connected to the peripheral lymphatic system in the head and neck region, implying that lymphatic injury in this area could contribute to brain damage. This study aimed to investigate the pathological alterations in the brain induced by peripheral lymphatic dysfunction in the head and neck region using the lymphatic obstruction animal model. An animal model underwent cervical lymph node dissection combined with radiation therapy to simulate the condition with the peripheral lymphatic dysfunction in the head and neck region after cancer treatment. Lymphatic drainage impairment in the head and neck region was associated with significant swelling, disrupted lymphatic drainage, and immune cell infiltration in the white matter. The imaging techniques revealed ventricular enlargement and increased brain water content caused by fluid imbalance leading to significant structural alterations in the brain. Histopathological analysis demonstrated structural brain alterations similar to that of hydrocephalus and cerebral edema, while rotarod tests showed a substantial decline in motor performance. These findings highlight the impact of peripheral lymphatic dysfunction on brain integrity and function. This study provides evidence that brain damage in head and neck cancer patients may be influenced not only by chemotherapy or radiotherapy but also by lymphatic dysfunction caused by surgical interventions. Lymphatic injury in the head and neck region emerges as a potential risk factor for brain damage, underscoring the need for further research into preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Necrotrophic pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus ( C. miyabeanus ) causes rice brown leaf spot disease and drastically affects the yield and quality of rice grains. However, the molecular mechanism of rice- C. miyabeanus remains poorly understood due to the limited research conducted on this pathosystem. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of rice- C. miyabeanus , a transcriptome analysis was conducted from in vitro and in planta grown C. miyabeanus. This analysis led to the identification of a total of 24,060 genes of which 426 in vitro and 57 in planta expressed genes were predicted to encode for secretory proteins. As these 57 genes were specifically expressed in planta and were predicted to be secretory in nature, these were consider as putative effectors, highlighting their possible roles in the fungal pathogenicity. Notably, among these putative effectors, CmXyn1 which encodes a glycosyl hydrolase 11 displayed the highest expression level under in planta conditions and was thus selected for further functional characterization. Interestingly, the extracellular expression of CmXyn1 transiently induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, while intracellular expression was comparatively lesser effective. In addition, transcriptome analysis on rice leaves during C. miyabeanus infection and comparing it to the rice leaf transcriptome data obtained during hemibiotrophic pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae infection led to the discovery of 18 receptors/receptor-like kinases that were commonly expressed in response to both pathogens, indicating their key roles in rice defense response. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into rice- C. miyabeanus interaction as well as the unique and common defense responses of rice against hemibiotroph and necrotroph model systems.