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Early detection of histamine in foodstuffs/beverages could be useful in preventing various diseases. In this work, we have prepared a free-standing hybrid mat based on manganese cobalt (2-methylimodazole)–metal organic frameworks (Mn-Co(2-MeIm)MOF) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and explored as a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for determining the freshness of fish and bananas based on histamine estimation. As-developed hybrid mat possesses high porosity with a large specific surface area and excellent hydrophilicity those allow easy access of analyte molecules to the redox-active metal sites of MOF. Furthermore, the multiple functional groups of the MOF matrix can act as active adsorption sites for catalysis. The Mn-Co(2-MeIm)MOF@CNF mat-modified GC electrode demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activities toward the oxidation of histamine under acidic conditions (pH = 5.0) with a faster electron transfer kinetics and superior fouling resistance. The Co(2-MeIm)MOF@CNF/GCE sensor exhibited a wide linear range from 10 to 1500 µM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 89.6 nM and a high sensitivity of 107.3 µA mM −1  cm −2 . Importantly, as-developed Nb(BTC)MOF@CNF/GCE sensor is enabled to detect histamine in fish and banana samples stored for different periods of time, which thus indicates its practical viability as analytical histamine detector.

Under global warming and climate change (CC), the vulnerable piece of land is India’s Eastern-Himalayan-Region (EHR), where millions’ livelihood activities are at risk. Quantifying the degree of CC-induced vulnerability over the highly climate-sensitive mountain zone is challenging due to data inadequacy. This paper attempted to assess the CC perception of kiwifruit growers under EHR and the impact of CC on its cultivation. Perceived and scientific data were used for accurate decision-support information. The climatic variables of two locations were analyzed for trend using Mann–Kendall’s test. Results suggested that the rainfall trend was found non-significant for both locations, but there was a negative trend during winter for Pasighat and during all seasons for Itanagar. Maximum temperature exhibited an increasing trend for annual, and minimum temperature showed an increasing trend across seasons for the Pasighat region. For the Itanagar region, the maximum temperature was found to have a significantly increasing trend in all seasons, while the minimum temperature showed an increasing trend during winter and annual seasons. Morning relative humidity showed an increasing trend for annual data for Pasighat, while annual evening relative humidity was significantly increased for Itanagar. The study shows that the indigenous farming communities were following shifting cultivation and diversifying their traditional agriculture to kiwifruit cultivation as an adaptation strategy. The community had a clear perception of CC trends and an inadequate perception of the impact on agriculture, therefore, engaging indigenous communities and other stakeholders to postulate a comprehensive adaptation and mitigation strategy for CC. Graphical Abstract

Under global warming and climate change (CC), the vulnerable piece of land is India's Eastern-Himalayan-Region (EHR), where millions' livelihood activities are at risk. Quantifying the degree of CC-induced vulnerability over the highly climate-sensitive mountain zone is challenging due to data inadequacy. This paper attempted to assess the CC perception of kiwifruit growers under EHR and the impact of CC on its cultivation. Perceived and scientific data were used for accurate decision-support information. The climatic variables of two locations were analyzed for trend using Mann-Kendall's test. Results suggested that the rainfall trend was found non-significant for both locations, but there was a negative trend during winter for Pasighat and during all seasons for Itanagar. Maximum temperature exhibited an increasing trend for annual, and minimum temperature showed an increasing trend across seasons for the Pasighat region. For the Itanagar region, the maximum temperature was found to have a significantly increasing trend in all seasons, while the minimum temperature showed an increasing trend during winter and annual seasons. Morning relative humidity showed an increasing trend for annual data for Pasighat, while annual evening relative humidity was significantly increased for Itanagar. The study shows that the indigenous farming communities were following shifting cultivation and diversifying their traditional agriculture to kiwifruit cultivation as an adaptation strategy. The community had a clear perception of CC trends and an inadequate perception of the impact on agriculture, therefore, engaging indigenous communities and other stakeholders to postulate a comprehensive adaptation and mitigation strategy for CC.

[...]there are no significant disturbances in child's social relationships outside the family context. {Table 1} Behavioral disturbances or aggressive behavior can be present in various childhoods' psychiatric disorders such as mood disorder and ADHD. [...]it becomes essential to differentiate between those having other psychiatric disorder and CD. Various interventions are available that are effective in treating early emerging conduct problems, but their effectiveness decreases in older children and adolescents. Because of the heterogeneity in presentation, the interventions need to be individualized. [...]this cognitive behavioral skill training has been intended to address the social cognition deficit and to improve the problem-solving skill in the social context in children and adolescents with CD.

Graph labelling is one of the most applicable problem in graph theory, often applied to solve real-world challenges. This article explores a range of L(2, 1)-labelling problems (L21LPs), specifically focusing on the r-L21LP within CirGs. In the standard L21LP, each vertex in a graph is assigned a label from a set of non-negative integers. The labeling follows these rules: for adjacent vertices, the label difference must be at least 2; for vertices at distance two, the label difference must be at least 1; and for vertices farther apart, there are no label restrictions. The difference between the highest and lowest labels among all vertices is denoted as [[lambda].sub.2,1](G). This paper introduces a variation of the L(2, 1)-labelling problem, known as the restricted L21LP, where a maximum label limit r is imposed. Consequently, the valid labels are restricted to 0, 1, 2,..., r. The objective is to L(2, 1)-label the vertices of G using these limited labels to maximize the number of labelled vertices. If the available r labels suffice to label all vertices, then every vertex is labelled; otherwise, some vertices remain unlabelled. A polynomial-time algorithm is proposed to address this problem, along with illustrative examples. Additionally, an application scenario is presented, demonstrating the use of this labelling scheme to allocate program slots on telecasting channels for advertising products or disseminating information for organizations. Keyword: Circular-arc graph; graph labelling; L(2, 1)-labelling; design and analysis of algorithm.

We present new H i data of the dwarf galaxy KK 69, obtained with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) with a signal-to-noise ratio almost double previous observations. We carried out a Gaussian spectral decomposition and stacking methods to identify the cold neutral medium (CNM) and the warm neutral medium (WNM) of the H i gas. We found that 30% of the total H i gas, which corresponds to a mass of ∼107 M⊙, is in the CNM phase. The distribution of the H i in KK 69 is not symmetric. Our GMRT H i intensity map of KK 69 overlaid onto a Hubble Space Telescope image reveals an offset of ∼4 kpc between the H i high-density region and the stellar body, indicating it may be a dwarf transitional galaxy. The offset, along with the potential truncation of the H i body, are evidence of interaction with the central group spiral galaxy NGC 2683, indicating the H i gas is being stripped from KK 69. Additionally, we detected extended H i emission of a dwarf galaxy member of the group as well as a possible new galaxy located near the north-eastern part of the NGC 2683 H i disk.

In a graph G = (V, E), L(2, 1)-labelling is considered by a function l whose domain is V and codomain is set of non-negative integers with a condition that the vertices which are adjacent assign labels whose difference is at least two and the vertices whose distance is two, assign distinct labels. The difference between maximum and minimum labels among all possible labels is denoted by [[lambda].sub.2,1] (G). This paper contains a variant of L(2, 1)-labelling problem. In L(2, 1)-labelling problem, all the vertices are L(2, 1)-labeled by least number of labels. In this paper, maximum allowable label K is given. The problem is: L(2, 1)-label the vertices of G by using the labels 0,1,2,..., K such that maximum number of vertices get label. If K labels are adequate for labelling all the vertices of the graph then all vertices get label, otherwise some vertices remains unlabeled. An algorithm is designed to solve this problem. The algorithm is also illustrated by examples. Also, an algorithm is designed to test whether an interval graph is no hole label or not for the purpose of L(2, 1)-labelling. Keyword: Interval graph, graph labelling, L(2, 1)-labelling, holes in label. AMS Subject Classification: 05[C.sub.4]0, 05C62.

Electrospinning is a versatile method for manufacturing polymer-based multi-functional and high-performance nanofibrillar network. Two important characteristics, namely minimum diameter variation and bead area, render the nanofibre mats acceptable for many membrane type applications, but the relationship between processing parameters and microstructures is still not well understood. This article outlines a systematic study via the design of experiments in the context of selecting process control parameters while electrospinning nonwoven mats of nanofibres from poly( l -lactic acid). The goals are to obtain a robust set of parameters to reduce the variation in product quality by performing the minimum number of experiments. A desirable combination has been found to be low concentration of polymer solution, low feed rate, comparatively high applied voltage and a large distance between the collector and the needle. However, a low concentration of polymer solution may result in some bead formation if other factors are not changed accordingly.

The paper pertains to the development of a simple semi-empirical model for predicting the uplift capacity of piles embedded in sand. Various pile and soil parameters such as length (L), diameter (d) of the pile and angle of friction (ϕ), soil–pile friction angle (δ) and unit weight (γ) of the soil which have direct influence on the uplift capacity of the pile are incorporated in the analysis. A comparative assessment of the ultimate uplift capacity of piles predicted by using the proposed theory and some of the available theories are made with respect to each other and with reference to the measured values obtained from model tests in the laboratory. For this purpose experimental data have been collected from the literature and also from model tests conducted as a part of the present investigation. The study shows the proposed model has an excellent potential in predicting the uplift capacity of piles embedded in sand that are consistent with model pile test results.

Field tests were conducted to study the effect of compressive loading on the uplift capacity of single piles embedded in silty sand. The test program consists of four instrumented cast in situ axial pile load tests in compression, pure tension and tension with 25 and 50% of compressive load of ultimate capacity in compression. The experimental results indicate that the net ultimate uplift capacity of single pile decreases with increase in compressive load. The shaft friction is non linear in nature. It observed that as the compressive load increases the shaft friction along the length of pile decreases.