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Prehospital care is a growing area in medicine, and emergency treatments are becoming more sophisticated as the potential to save lives grow. The fourth edition of this ABC has been thoroughly updated and includes new chapters on nuclear and biological emergencies. Each chapter gives concise and clear guidance and is accompanied by excellent photographs and diagrams. Edited and written by leading UK trauma authorities, this is a truly comprehensive and practical book for everyday use by emergency medicine staff, nurses, hospital doctors, paramedics, and ambulance services.

An authoritative overview of the management and treatment of major trauma patients In the newly revised, and substantially expanded, Fifth Edition of ABC of Major Trauma, an eminent team of leading trauma specialists delivers a comprehensive, up-to-date, referenced overview of the emergency treatment of patients suffering from major trauma. Covering all aspects of the management of injured patients during the initial, crucial hours after injury, the scope of the book has developed to include imaging appendices for many chapters. The editors have included resources that discuss general considerations for typical trauma cases, as well as the numerous atypical patients including children, the elderly and those who are pregnant. Hyperlinks are now also included throughout the book which enable the reader to refer to continuously updated guidelines. The book also offers: A thorough introduction to the development and organisation of trauma services, including pre-hospital care and major incidents. A guide to the modern trauma team personnel from airway doctor, to trauma nurse, to trauma team leader, while describing the technical and non-technical skills required for the ABCDE of trauma resuscitation, imaging and the subsequent transfer of the patient. Specialist chapters on ballistic trauma, chemical contamination and burns as well as the management of trauma in specialist patient groups including paediatrics, pregnancy, and the elderly. A new and vital chapter on rehabilitation as well an expansion of the measurement of trauma outcomes to include disability and a discussion on how such audits can drive further improvement. Perfect for all those involved in the care of the trauma patient, including nurses, physician associates, hospital doctors, paramedics and pre-hospital teams, the ABC of Major Trauma is a one-stop referenced guide to the care of such patients from the site of injury to maximal recovery. About the ABC series The ABC series has been designed to help you access information quickly and deliver the best patient care, and remains an essential reference tool for GPs, junior doctors, medical students and healthcare professionals. Now offering over 80 titles, this extensive series provides you with a quick and dependable reference on a range of topics in all the major specialties. The ABC series is the essential and dependable source of up-to-date information for all practitioners and students in primary healthcare. To receive automatic updates on books and journals in your specialty, join our email list. Sign up today at www.wiley.com/email

[...]the plan to include a 20 ml multidose phial of 2% lignocaine in the M5 medical emergency kit in future is worrying.

Trauma remains the leading cause of death under the age of 35 years. England and Wales lost 252,000 working years from accidental deaths, including poison, in 1992. In this country, preventable deaths from trauma are inappropriately high. In many hospitals there are not enough personnel; in the majority, there are no recognisable trauma care systems, which can reduce preventable deaths to a minimum. The appropriateness of trauma centres for this country is being assessed in Stoke-on-Trent, and a report is due out later this year. Even if the recommendation is made to establish such centres, it is unlikely that many will be set up. Consequently most hospitals will have to rely on their own resources to set up and run a trauma team. This type of trauma care system is the subject of this article.

Rapid growth in the market for electric vehicles is imperative, to meet global targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, to improve air quality in urban centres and to meet the needs of consumers, with whom electric vehicles are increasingly popular. However, growing numbers of electric vehicles present a serious waste-management challenge for recyclers at end-of-life. Nevertheless, spent batteries may also present an opportunity as manufacturers require access to strategic elements and critical materials for key components in electric-vehicle manufacture: recycled lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles could provide a valuable secondary source of materials. Here we outline and evaluate the current range of approaches to electric-vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling and re-use, and highlight areas for future progress. Processes for dismantling and recycling lithium-ion battery packs from scrap electric vehicles are outlined.

Transition from a weak and erratic geomagnetic field to a more stable one around 560 million years ago, inferred from palaeomagnetic measurements, suggests that the inner core may have solidified around that time, much later than thought.

Soil microbes mediate major biogeochemical processes in forest ecosystems. Soil pH is considered a “master variable” with a strong positive effect on many biogeochemical processes. To better understand how soil pH influences microbial activity and nitrogen (N) dynamics in forests, we utilized a set of long-term measurements of surface soil pH, N availability, and microbial biomass and respiration from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), a northern hardwood forest in New Hampshire, USA. We compared the strengths of these relationships in an unmanipulated watershed, where naturally acidic soils have been further acidified by anthropogenic acid deposition, to those in a nearby watershed, where soils were treated with calcium silicate to ameliorate the effects of acid deposition. While we expected to observe strong positive relationships between soil pH and microbial biomass and activity, we instead found weak and/or curvilinear relationships. In many cases, microbial biomass and activity peaked at unexpectedly low pH values (~ 4.5), and decreased at higher pH values, especially in the calcium-treated soils. It is likely that complexities in plant-microbial interactions inhibit and/or mask microbial response to changes in pH in these acidic soils. These results raise questions about pH as a controller of microbial processes and how ecosystems recover in response to decreases in acid deposition.

Patients who had received a drug-eluting stent and then dual antiplatelet therapy for 12 months were randomly assigned to 18 more months of therapy or aspirin alone. Continued therapy resulted in lower rates of stent thrombosis and major adverse cardiovascular events but more bleeding. Millions of patients worldwide undergo coronary stenting each year for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. 1 , 2 Although drug-eluting stents reduce the rate of restenosis as compared with bare-metal stents, there is concern that drug-eluting stents may be associated with a risk of stent thrombosis beyond 1 year after treatment. 3 Stent thrombosis is rare, yet it is frequently associated with myocardial infarction and may be fatal. 3 Furthermore, ischemic events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes, that are unrelated to the treated coronary lesion may also occur beyond 1 year. 4 , 5 The use of dual antiplatelet therapy . . .

Negative pressure has emerged as a powerful tool to tailor the physical properties of functional materials. However, a negative pressure control of spin-phonon coupling for engineering magnetism and multiferroicity has not been explored to date. Here, using uniform three-dimensional strain-induced negative pressure in nanocomposite films of (EuTiO 3 ) 0.5 :(MgO) 0.5 , we demonstrate an emergent multiferroicity with magnetodielectric coupling in EuTiO 3 , matching exactly with density functional theory calculations. Density functional theory calculations are further used to explore the underlying physics of antiferromagnetic-paraelectric to ferromagnetic-ferroelectric phase transitions, the spin-phonon coupling, and its correlation with negative pressures. The observation of magnetodielectric coupling in the EuTiO 3 reveals that an enhanced spin-phonon coupling originates from a negative pressure induced by uniform three-dimensional strain. Our work provides a route to creating multiferroicity and magnetoelectric coupling in single-phase oxides using a negative pressure approach. Negative pressure tailors the physical properties of functional oxide materials. Here, the authors demonstrate an emergent multiferroism with magnetodielectric coupling in EuTiO 3 created by a negative pressure control of strong spin-phonon coupling.