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"Pham, P. L"
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Ending \East of Suez\ : the British decision to withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore, 1964-1968
In 1964, Britain's defence presence in Malaysia and Singapore was the largest and most expensive component of the country's world‐wide role. Yet within three and a half years, the Wilson Government had announced that Britain would be withdrawing from its major Southeast Asian bases and abandoning any special military role ‘East of Suez’. The purpose of this book is to document and explain the British policy process leading to the decisions to withdraw.The book argues that the Wilson Government faced two fundamental dilemmas regarding its defence policy. The first was a conflict between Britain's limited economic means, which compelled cuts to the country's defence role, and its need to maintain its relations with its major allies, especially the Johnson Administration in the United States, all of whom wanted Britain to maintain a significant military presence in Southeast Asia. This conflict was fundamentally resolved after the Labour Party revolted over defence policy in early 1967, when the Government decided to withdraw from the bases in Singapore and Malaysia. Thereafter, the Wilson Government faced a second dilemma over whether to minimise the political and symbolic impact of its decisions for the sake of its international allies, or to maximise it for domestic political advantage. This conflict was not fully settled until January 1968, when the Government announced a faster withdrawal and complete abandonment of Britain's ‘East of Suez’ role, as a means of gaining acceptance for the social cuts it was implementing in the aftermath of the devaluation of the Pound.
eBook
Optimization of a culture medium for xylanase production by Bacillus sp. using statistical experimental designs
The concentrations of oat spelt xylan, casein hydrolysate and NH4Cl in the culture medium for production of xylanase from Bacillus sp. I-1018 were optimized by means of response surface methods. The path of steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal region of the medium composition. The optimum composition of the nutrient medium was then easily determined by using a central composite design and was found to be 3.16g/l of xylan, 1.94g/l casein hydrolysate, 0.8g/l of NH4Cl. The xylanase production was increased by 135% when the strain was grown in the optimized medium compared to initial medium.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
A Controlled Trial of Artemether or Quinine in Vietnamese Adults with Severe Falciparum Malaria
Since the cinchona alkaloids were introduced as a specific treatment for agues 350 years ago, the treatment of severe malaria has changed little. Quinine and quinidine remain the drugs of choice for severe chloroquine-resistant malaria due to
Plasmodium falciparum,
and with the spread of these resistant parasites, the usage of these drugs is increasing.
1
In 1972 scientists in China discovered the antimalarial properties of a group of sesquiterpene lactone peroxides derived from the qinghao plant (
Artemisia
annua
).
2
The principal component, qinghaosu (artemisinin), and two derivatives — the water-soluble hemisuccinate artesunate and the oil-soluble artemether — are the most . . .
Journal Article
Large-Scale Transfection of Mammalian Cells for the Fast Production of Recombinant Protein
Recombinant proteins (r-proteins) are increasingly important in fundamental research and for clinical applications. As many of these r-proteins are of human or animal origin, cultivated mammalian cells are the host of choice to ensure their functional folding and proper posttranslational modifications. Large-scale transfection of human embryonic kidney 293 or Chinese hamster ovary cells is now an established technology that can be used in the production of hundreds of milligram to gram quantities of a r-protein in less than 1 mo from cloning of its cDNA. This chapter aims to provide an overview of large-scale transfection technology with a particular emphasis on calcium phosphate and polyethylenimine-mediated gene transfer.
Journal Article
Performance evaluation of MBR-RO technology for domestic wastewater treatment
This study was carried out to evaluate the treatment efficiency of domestic wastewater using Membrane Bioreactor combined Reverse Osmosis (MBR-RO) technology. The optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the MBR was studied at various HRT value of 1h, 4h, and 8h. The MBR-RO reactor was then operated at optimal HRT for domestic wastewater treatment. The research result showed that the MBR has an optimal HRT of 4h. The removal efficiency of TSS, COD, BOD, TN, and TP in the MBR was 100%, 99.57%, 100%, 73.33%, and 94.41%, respectively. The MBR-RO system can completely remove organic and nutrient pollutants from wastewater with the removal efficiency was 100% for TSS, COD, BOD, TN, and TP. Consequently, the MBR-RO effluent meets the Vietnam regulation standard of QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT and QCVN 01-1:2018/BYT. Research results show the potential of applying MBR-RO membrane technology for domestic reuse purposes.
Journal Article
Noninvasive Measurement of Microvascular Leakage in Patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is a potentially lethal complication of dengue virus infection associated with hypotension and leakage of plasma water into the extravascular space. To determine whether the underlying pathophysiology of DSS is distinct from that in milder forms of the disease, we assessed microvascular permeability, by use of strain gauge plethysmography, in Vietnamese children with DSS (n = 19), or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) without shock (n = 16), and in healthy control children (n = 15). At admission and after fluid resuscitation, the mean coefficient of microvascular permeability (Kf) for the patients with dengue was ∼50% higher than that for the control patients (P = .02). There was no significant difference in Kf between the 2 groups of patients with dengue; this suggests the same underlying pathophysiology. We hypothesize that in patients with DSS, the fluctuations in Kf are larger than those in patients with DHF, which leads to short-lived peaks of markedly increased microvascular permeability and consequent hemodynamic shock.
Journal Article
Blackwater Fever in Southern Vietnam: A Prospective Descriptive Study of 50 Cases
We prospectively studied 50 Vietnamese patients with blackwater fever (BWF). All patients had fever and hemoglobinuria, 40 (80%) were jaundiced, 25 (50%) had hepatomegaly, 17 (34%) had splenomegaly, and 9 (18%) had hepatosplenomegaly. Twenty-one patients (42%) had impaired renal function, with creatinine clearances of <50 mL/min/m2; however, only four (8%) developed oliguric renal failure, three (6%) of whom required dialysis. Forty-four patients (88%) developed anemia, which was severe (hematocrit, <20%) in 32 (64%). One patient died, representing a death rate for this once-feared disease that is considerably lower than that reported by earlier investigators. BWF was associated with quinine ingestion in 28 patients (56%), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in 27 (54%), and concurrent malaria infection in 16 (32%). There was no statistically significant difference in the severity of BWF associated with each of these three factors, as assessed by creatinine clearance and the hematocrit value on admission and by the number of units of blood transfused. There was considerable overlap in the occurrence of G6PD deficiency, quinine ingestion, and malaria, suggesting that these factors may interact and that it may not be justifiable to regard hemoglobinuria caused by G6PD deficiency as a separate syndrome.
Journal Article
THE INFLUENCE OF EARNING MANAGEMENT AND SURPLUS FREE CASH FLOW ON THE BANKING SECTOR PERFORMANCE
The banking sector is considered as the backbone of the economy and needs to examine its performance frequently and get the attention of recent studies and regulators. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to examine the impact of earnings management and surplus free cash flow on the state-owned banks of Vietnam. This study has used secondary data collection methods and used the financial statements of the twenty-five commercial banks in Vietnam. This study extracted the data from 2009 to 2020 banks’ financial statement. This study has executed the fixed effect model (FEM) and robust standard error to analyze the nexus among the variables. The results have revealed that earnings management and surplus free cash flow have a positive association with the banking sector of Vietnam. This research provides the guidelines to the regulators while formulating policies related to the banking sector performance and earning management.
Journal Article
Experimental nonpenetrating transscleral cyclodiathermy in rabbits
Acute and long-term effects of contact transscleral cyclodiathermy (CTCD) were studied in rabbits.
In the acute phase, three evenly spaced applications were placed at the limbus in each of four quadrants using the Ophthalmic Diathermy TR4000 (MIRA, Inc., Waltham, MA). Each quadrant of 17 eyes of 13 Dutchbelted rabbits was treated with radio frequencies (RFs) of 1.0 to 4.5, for times of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 to 3.0, and 4.0 to 10.0 seconds. Eyes were then immediately enucleated and fixed in Karnovsky's solution after the rabbits had been sacrificed with 3 ml of pentobarbital sodium. In the longitudinal phase, four groups of six rabbits each were treated with 20 evenly spaced applications at the limbus at one of four settings: 1.5 RFs/4 seconds, 2.0 RFs/3 seconds, 2.5 RFs/2 seconds, or 3.0 RFs/2 seconds. Intraocular pressures were measured on alternate days for 1 week prior to treatment and for 4 weeks after treatment, following which the eyes were enucleated and fixed in Karnovsky's solution.
Gross examination of the acute phase eyes revealed blanching of the ciliary processes at RF settings of 2.5 and higher with exposure times of 1.5 seconds or longer. Gross and light microscopic studies showed that levels of destruction correlated positively with RF settings and exposure times. Higher RF levels resulted in scleral coagulation necrosis on light microscopy. In addition, there was coagulation necrosis of the pigmented and nonpigmented ciliary epithelium and stroma. Longitudinal phase study showed a significant decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) in the four groups of rabbits treated over the 4-week follow-up period (P = .005, multivariate analysis of variance [MANOVA]). Rabbits treated at higher RF levels sustained a greater IOP-lowering effect (P = .025, MANOVA). Gross and light microscopic examination revealed focal atrophy, fusion, and fibrosis of the ciliary processes.
Nonpenetrating CTCD results in focal destruction of the ciliary body in rabbits. The authors found that significant reduction in IOP was possible over the 4-week follow-up period in the Dutch-belted rabbits treated, with greater IOP and tissue effects at higher RF settings.
Journal Article