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The nutritional needs are the primer need in the earth. Various solution of food security problem such as GMO product and chemical fertilizer, are still not effective to clear it because the global warming annualy reported may cause to the crop failures. In addition, the amount of carbohydrate that can be adsorbed by human body is less. The Cellulose is one of the carbohydrate that human can not adsorb to get glucose. Grasshopper can digest the cellulose of grass because there are bacteria live in their organs to produce the enzyme. The bacteria that have an ability giving advantage in the body are known as probiotic. However, the development of this function has became a great attention. The aim is obtaining grasshopper gut bacteria caracterized as lactic acid bacteria potential as novel probiotic to produce cellulase for human digestion. Methods used are; Isolation of grasshopper gut bacteria, Purification and screening modificated of novel probotic candidates. The bacteria were screened by using modificated medium to detect the enzyme activity and pathogenic possibility as well as SP-SDS method to enumerate the tolerance of the bacteria after treatment in the period. The result shows that two bacteria strains of grasshopper gut bacteria are capable to break down the cellulose in the screening process. The bacteria was also caracterized as the lactid acid bacteria. The activity of gamma haemolytic of the bacteria shows the non-pathogenic property on blood. Bile salt and acid pH condition for 48 hour period was tested on the bacteria shows the high tolerance of life in the digestion. In conclusion, there are strain of grasshopper gut bacteria can be used as novel probiotic candidate to digest cellulose as solution of food security.

This paper presents a design of digital stethoscope that is modified using DSK TMS320C6416T. This modified stethoscope is proposed for helping the doctor to make a true decision and the same perception on the symptoms of someone's disease. Using the conventional stethoscope usually gives drawback, such as the doctors usually makes misinterpretation on the auscultation. The reason is because of the errors that occur due to the difference on the sensitivity of the ear and the experiences of the doctor. This research offers a DSK TMS 320C6416T as an instrumentation system for identification and analysis on the lung sound. The modified design of the digital stethoscope that is proposed in this research gives benefit to the users because it provides the result in the form of the signals that can be monitored in the PC. The results of this designed stethoscope showed the interpretation of graphs in the form of the spectrogram and scalogram which will help the simplification on the analysis of lung sounds as well as to minimize or avoid the limitations of hearing problems in the process of auscultation. The method used in lung sound analysis in this research includes Fourier Transformation that is then developed into a Short-Time Fourier transform (STFT) and continued to the Wavelet Transform. Based on the test data for normal lung sounds, it was found that the working frequency range was 90 to 1265 Hz. The adventitious sounds were found with frequency range from 60 to 1980 Hz. In this research, it was also found that the lung sounds were at the frequency range from 90 to 1015 Hz for direct measurement to patients.

Karst aquifer flow can be divided into diffuse, fissure, and conduit. Diffuse (base) flow plays a role in maintaining the continuity of karst springs. This research was conducted in the Kiskendo underground river, Mudal spring, and Anjani underground river, which is located in the Jonggrangan karst area, to determine variations in the base flow proportion in the three locations. Water level and discharge data are collected for a year (March 2018-March 2019). The water level and discharge data pairs are then used to create a rating curve to obtain flow hydrographs during the study period. Several flood events are then chosen to calculate the baseflow recession constant. Separation of base flow is automatically carried out to determine the percentage of base flow during the study period. The results showed that all three locations had fluctuating hydrographs that followed the seasons, with many peaks of flood hydrographs occurred following rainfall events. This condition shows that all three locations have developed aquifers. Although this is the case, flows in the three locations tend to be dominated by base flow both during the dry and rainy seasons, which indicates the capacity of aquifers to store groundwater is still good. Besides, the results of the base flow separation show that the percentage increases during the dry season and decreases during the rainy season. The decrease in the percentage of base flow during the rainy season is due to the contribution of direct flow (fissure and conduit) to the karstic aquifer.

This study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal lightning distribution in North Sulawesi. The general meteorological condition of North Sulawesi has also been considered to identify the cause of the lightning occurrence. Lightning activity over North Sulawesi has been investigated using lightning data from Winangun Geophysical Station during 2019-2020. The result shows that in the land area of North Sulawesi, the highest lightning density occurred in the Tomohon regions due to its topographical features. Overall, the flash density over the land area is higher than the sea area due to its high atmospheric instability. The maximum flash density does not occur during the wet periods, but it occurs during September - October – November, which has a high surface temperature over this region. It is also known that shearline and low-pressure areas contribute to the high lightning occurrence in October 2019, while La Nina in the Pacific Ocean influences lightning activity in July 2020

Karst has an important role in atmospheric CO2 sequestration through the karstification process. Through the karstification process, the total amount of carbon dioxide absorbed in Indonesia is estimated to reach 13482 Gg CO2/year. This research was conducted in the Karst Jonggrangan area, focused on the underground river of Anjani cave. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine how much the dissolution rate of CaCO3 minerals was, and (2) to calculate the atmospheric carbon sequestration rate through the carbonate dissolution process that occurred in the Anjani underground river. This research was carried out between March 2018 and March 2019. The data used were time-series of discharge and hydrochemical data, as well as discharge properties of the Anjani underground river. The entire data was obtained through the installation of a water fluctuation recording device and field measurement of hydrochemical parameters and the discharge characteristics. The results showed that the rate of carbonate rock dissolution in Anjani underground river was 37.54 m3/year/km2, while the sequestration rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide reached 97.43 tons/km2/year. The temporal variation in carbon dioxide absorption and dissolution rates was influenced by total discharge, dissolved CO2, and HCO3− content in the water, temperature, and pH.

Anjani underground river was one of the biggest water resource in Jonggrangan Karst. The objective of this research was to describe hydrochemical temporal variation which was expected to assist in defining the aquifer conditions that recharge Anjani underground river in more detail. Sampling was carried out for one year covering dry and wet seasons, as well as the flood events. The hydrochemical analysis was conducted based on dissolved major ion concentration and physicochemical properties. In addition, SIcalcite and log PCO2 were calculated to understand the temporal variation of aggressiveness on calcite mineral. The results showed that all water samples performed HCO3-Ca type. The chemical constituent in water varied temporally which showed high during dry season and decreased during wet season. The high chemical constituent during dry season was caused by the domination of slow-flow (diffuse) so the water had a longer residence time in aquifer, allowing water-rock interaction to be more intensive. Meanwhile, the low dissolved constituent during wet season was caused by input from quick-flow that changed water-rock interaction into dilution by precipitation process. Generally, all water samples was saturated with respect to calcite, except during flood events. One of the factors that affected this condition was CO2 supply from the allogenic river that allowed the dissolution process to be more intensive.

One of the renewable energy sources is ocean currents which can be extracted with the Darrieus vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine (VAHT). This research aims to analyze the deformation and structural stresses that occur in the Darrieus VAHT support frame due to the loads. In the VAHT installation, it is necessary to have a support structure in the form of a solid frame, so that the turbine remains in a stable condition when operating. The VAHT frame must be able to withstand the load from a rotating turbine and have a small drag force. This study conducted a numerical simulation using the finite element analysis method. The effect of the cross-sectional shape of the structural beams on the drag due to flow was also investigated. The result is the frame designed with the ASTM A36 Grade B pipe structure has maximum stress of 63,116 MPa and it is relatively smaller and remains within the safe limits of the material. In addition, based on CFD simulation, the drag caused by the flow across the structure with this design is also smaller. Therefore, this study can be used as a consideration in making decisions to design the Darrieus VAHT frame.

The Jongggrangan Karst Area is one of the karst areas whose potential data inventory has not been well studied through studies of spatial and temporal variability. Research on the potential economic data of the Jongggrangan Karst Area is useful as a basis for making decisions on the management. The objectives of this study are: 1) to know the availability of water in the Jongggrangan Karst Area; 2) to know the estimated economic value of water that can be produced by the Jonggrangan karst Region. The primary data used is flowrate as measured by the velocity area method, and water level data along with rainfall recorded automatically by a logger. Secondary data used are water price data obtained from relevant agencies. The results of the study indicate that the study area has abundant resource potential. The availability of water in the study location reached 23,825,512.4 m3/year from the Mudal Cave spring and the underground river of Kiskendo Cave and Anjani Cave. The value of the availability of water produced is able to meet the needs of water for a decent human life of 14,890 people per year and with an economic value of IDR 47,651,024,980.00 per year.

Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that can cause poisoning in living things. Pb contamination that enters the body through the digestive system will bind to erythrocytes and trigger an increase in ROS the body resulting in a decrease in organ function such as the kidneys followed by an increase in levels of BUN. Apple is an example of a fruit that rich in antioxidant. Apple skin contains flavonoids which act as antioxidants and as chelating agent for metal ion. The parameters observed in this study were BUN levels. This study consist of 5 groups with each group consisting of 4 white rats, namely negative control, positive control with 10 mg Pb / head / day of Pb administration for 14 days, and preventive therapy group with Rome Beauty apple skin extract 28 mg/200g, 56 mg/200g, and 112 mg/200g for 21 days and giving lead at a dose of 10 mg/rat/day for 14 days. BUN levels were analyzed using one way ANOVA method which was followed by Turkey. The results showed that the preventive group of apple skin extract of Rome Beauty variety with a dose of 112 mg/200g was able to prevent an increase in BUN levels.

Water tracing was conducted at Karangbolong Karst as a rapid assessment of the Kalisirah spring hydrological characteristics. This study was conducted to determine the movement of underground flow and the estimation of the Catchment Area using the Todd Nomogram and field observations. The results of flow tracing tests conducted in Pocung Cave indicate that there is underground river network connectivity between Pocung Cave, Jeblosan Sinkhole and Kalisirah Springs. Based on topographic survey and flow tracing test, the calculation of the estimated area of the Kalisirah catchment area is 180 Ha. The results were also validate using other parameters, namely flowrate and rainfall in the research location using Todd Nomogram. The estimated area of the Kalisirah catchment area with the Todd Nomogram is 189.2 Ha. The calculation of the estimated area of Kalisirah catchment area based on topographic survey and water tracing is relevant with the estimated area with Todd Nomogram. Groundwater tracing investigation can be used to determine karst spring catchment area, as a preliminary study to understanding the karst hydrology.