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\"Moving between the worlds of professional (academic) and lay readers (book groups), between metropolitan and non-metropolitan audiences, between the imagined worlds of fiction and the real worlds of reading, and between the locations of England, Scotland, Canada, the Caribbean, India and Africa, Reading Across Worlds draws otherwise distant readerships into conversation. Combining sustained empirical analysis of reading group conversations with four case studies of classic and contemporary novels: Things Fall Apart, White Teeth, Brick Lane and Small Island, the book pursues what can be gained through a comparative approach to reading and readerships. This is a book about how readers beyond the academy talk about, use and make sense of a literature that publishers and bookstores, the press and professional critics, have variously labelled 'multicultural', 'international', 'diasporic', 'cosmopolitan', 'global', 'postcolonial', 'Third World', or more recently, 'World'. \"-- Provided by publisher.

Simply releasing code openly, without support and maintenance, will not ensure extended value; instead, you need to explain how you will actively foster your community of users and developers. Besides grants, there are also other support models for open source. Internship programs like the Google Summer of Code finance students to spend a summer working on open-source projects, and a number of projects related to science have benefited from them.

We modeled 3D structures of all SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins, generating 2,060 models that span 69% of the viral proteome and provide details not available elsewhere. We found that ˜6% of the proteome mimicked human proteins, while ˜7% was implicated in hijacking mechanisms that reverse post‐translational modifications, block host translation, and disable host defenses; a further ˜29% self‐assembled into heteromeric states that provided insight into how the viral replication and translation complex forms. To make these 3D models more accessible, we devised a structural coverage map, a novel visualization method to show what is—and is not—known about the 3D structure of the viral proteome. We integrated the coverage map into an accompanying online resource ( https://aquaria.ws/covid ) that can be used to find and explore models corresponding to the 79 structural states identified in this work. The resulting Aquaria‐COVID resource helps scientists use emerging structural data to understand the mechanisms underlying coronavirus infection and draws attention to the 31% of the viral proteome that remains structurally unknown or dark. SYNOPSIS 2,060 structural models spanning 69% of the SARS‐CoV‐2 proteome are generated and presented in a novel visual layout that summarises current knowledge on viral protein structures, and provides insight into viral replication, mimicry, and hijacking. 2,060 structural models spanning 69% of the SARS‐CoV‐2 proteome are built, grouped in 79 states and visualized in a concise structural coverage map. ˜6% of the viral proteome appears to mimic human proteins, with the strongest evidence seen for mimicry of three human helicases (UPF1, IGHMBP2, and AQR) by the viral helicase NSP13. ˜7% of the viral proteome is implicated in hijacking human proteins, thereby reversing post‐translational modifications, blocking host translation, and disabling host defenses. ˜29% of the viral proteome self‐assembles into heteromers, with the heteromeric states suggesting the order in which proteins assemble to form the replication and translation complex. Graphical Abstract 2,060 structural models spanning 69% of the SARS‐CoV‐2 proteome are generated and presented in a novel visual layout that summarises current knowledge on viral protein structures, and provides insight into viral replication, mimicry, and hijacking.

Asparagine‐linked glycosylation is catalysed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OTase). In Trypanosoma brucei OTase activity is catalysed by single‐subunit enzymes encoded by three paralogous genes of which TbSTT3B and TbSTT3C can complement a yeast Δ stt3 mutant. The two enzymes have overlapping but distinct peptide acceptor specificities, with TbSTT3C displaying an enhanced ability to glycosylate sites flanked by acidic residues. TbSTT3A and TbSTT3B , but not TbSTT3C , are transcribed in the bloodstream and procyclic life cycle stages of T. brucei . Selective knockdown and analysis of parasite protein N‐glycosylation showed that TbSTT3A selectively transfers biantennary Man 5 GlcNAc 2 to specific glycosylation sites whereas TbSTT3B selectively transfers triantennary Man 9 GlcNAc 2 to others. Analysis of T. brucei glycosylation site occupancy showed that TbSTT3A and TbSTT3B glycosylate sites in acidic to neutral and neutral to basic regions of polypeptide, respectively. This embodiment of distinct specificities in single‐subunit OTases may have implications for recombinant glycoprotein engineering. TbSTT3A and TbSTT3B could be knocked down individually, but not collectively, in tissue culture. However, both were independently essential for parasite growth in mice, suggesting that inhibiting protein N‐glycosylation could have therapeutic potential against trypanosomiasis.

Software for visualizing sequence alignments and trees are essential tools for life scientists. In this review, we describe the major features and capabilities of a selection of stand-alone and web-based applications useful when investigating the function and evolution of a gene family. These range from simple viewers, to systems that provide sophisticated editing and analysis functions. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges that these tools now face due to the flood of next generation sequence data and the increasingly complex network of bioinformatics information sources.

Methods and tools for visualizing biological data have improved considerably over the last decades, but they are still inadequate for some high-throughput data sets. For most users, a key challenge is to benefit from the deluge of data without being overwhelmed by it. This challenge is still largely unfulfilled and will require the development of truly integrated and highly useable tools.

James Procter's introduction places Hall's work within its historical contexts, providing a clear guide to his key ideas and influences, as well as to his critics and his intellectual legacy. Stuart Hall has been pivotal to the development of cultural studies during the past forty years. Whether as director of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, or as one of the leading public intellectuals of the postwar period, he has helped transform our understanding of culture as both a theoretical catagory and a political practice. Topics include: * popular culture and youth subcultures * the CCCS and cultural studies * media and communication * racism and resistance * postmodernism and the postcolonial * Thatcherism * identity, ethnicity, diasporaStuart Hall is the ideal gateway to the work of a critic described by Terry Eagleton as 'a walking chronicle of everything from the New Left to New Times, Leavis to Lyotard, Aldermaston to ethnicity'

Without readers and audiences, viewers and consumers, the postcolonial would be literally unthinkable. And yet, postcolonial critics have historically neglected the modes of reception and consumption that make up the politics, and pleasures of meaning-making during and after empire. Thus, while recent criticism and theory has made large claims for reading; as an ethical act; as a means of establishing collective, quasi-political consciousness; as identification with difference; as a mode of resistance; and as an impulsion to the public imagination, the reader in postcolonial literary studies persists as a shadowy figure. This collection answers the now pressing need for a distinctively postcolonial take on the rapidly expanding area of reader and reception studies. Written by some of the top scholars in the field, these essays reveal readers and reception to be varied and profoundly unstable subjects that challenge many of our assumptions and preconceptions of the postcolonial - from the notion of reading as national fellowship to the demands of an ethics of reading.

Bringing together a group of intellectuals from a number of disciplines, this collection breaks new ground within the field of postcolonial diaspora studies, moving beyond the Anglophone bias of much existing scholarship by investigating comparative links between a range of Anglophone, Francophone, Hispanic and Neerlandophone cultural contexts.

For all its prescience as a responsible way of reading in a period when 'our leaders read the world in terms of rationality and averages, as if it were a textbook', Spivak's is ultimately the preferred reading of the expert critic, and the salaried reader with time to linger over the page.10 As we will see below, quite different tactics of partial and fitful reading have been used by the otherwise impassioned everyday audiences of contemporary literary production (see Benwell, Procter and Robinson's accounting of the 'protesting' readers of Brick Lane and The Satanic Verses). [...]our contributors take up the challenge to make renewed historical sense of reading in our postcolonial present, pursuing some of de Certeau's travellers, poachers, nomads and despoilers - not to mention the academics, experts, critics, and professionals - as they read and consume their way through the world. Moving from virtual and diasporic audiences to the Roman Empire and Joseph Conrad, the conversation provides a hinge between the essays either side of it, which shift from a concern with the importance of readers and reading within colonial contexts, to explorations of the ways contemporary readers and reading practices reconfigure empire, remaining alert to the long shadows empires cast, even as they respond to new cultural frames and bodies politic. Returning to the text of Girls of Riyadh, the essay concludes that since it is impossible to approach modern Arabic literature outside the tentacles of geopolitical power, it is essential for critical readers to become literate about the processes that bring particular texts and authors to the attention of commercial reading publics.