Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
3,749
result(s) for
"Qi K"
Sort by:
Machine learning, medical AI and robotics : translating theory into the clinic
Medical AI and robotics are fields undergoing rapid expansion and have reached a maturity point nearly ready for clinical translation. However, several issues still exist that need to be highlighted in order to address some of the obstacles in clinical adoption. At present much research has focused on proof of concept and confined experimental studies which have shown promising results in medical artificial intelligence and robotics applications. However, little has been done to address the clinical translation of these technologies. There are several issues that need to be addressed which will form core parts of this book. Broadly, there are issues like need to generate level 1 evidence (e.g. prospective randomised controlled trials), regulatory obstacles, the need to find an optimal human working/collaboration, clinical workflow integration, and implementation in real-time at scale.
Book
Impact of T-cell costimulation modulation in patients with undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis or very early rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and imaging study of abatacept (the ADJUST trial)
Background Several agents provide treatment for established rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but a crucial therapeutic goal is to delay/prevent progression of undifferentiated arthritis (UA) or very early RA. Objective To determine the impact of T-cell costimulation modulation in patients with UA or very early RA. Methods In this double-blind, phase II, placebocontrolled, 2-year study, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)2-positive patients with UA (not fulfilling the ACR criteria for RA) and clinical synovitis of two or more joints were randomised to abatacept (∼10 mg/kg) or placebo for 6 months; the study drug was then terminated. The primary end point was development of RA (by ACR criteria) at year 1. Patients were monitored by radiography, MRI, CCP2, rheumatoid factor and 28 joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28) over 2 years. Results At year 1, 12/26 (46%) abatacept-treated versus 16/24 (67%) placebo-treated patients developed RA (difference (95% CI) −20.5% (−47.4% to 7.8%)). Adjusted mean changes from baseline to year 1 in Genant-modified Sharp radiographic scores for abatacepttreated versus placebo-treated patients, respectively, were 0 versus 1.1 for total score, and 0 versus 0.9 for erosion score. Mean changes from baseline to year 1 in MRI erosion, osteitis and synovitis scores were 0, 0.2 and 0.2, respectively, versus 5.0, 6.7 and 2.3 in the abatacept versus placebo groups. Safety was comparable between groups; serious adverse events occurred in one patient (3.6%) in each group. Conclusion Abatacept delayed progression of UA/very early RA in some patients. An impact on radiographic and MRI inhibition was seen, which was maintained for 6 months after treatment stopped. This suggests that it is possible to alter the progression of RA by modulating T-cell responses at a very early stage of disease. Trial registration number NCT00124449.
Journal Article
Strong work hardening in a high niobium-containing TiNi-based bulk glassy alloy composite
In this study, a high niobium-containing bulk glassy alloy composite Ti
41
Ni
39
Nb
17.5
Al
2.5
consisting of amorphous, B2-TiNi and
β
-Nb phases was fabricated through in situ precipitation strategy by utilizing copper-mold suction casting. Upon compressive loading, the composite alloy showed a pronounced average plastic strain of (17.6 ± 3.5)% and a high fracture strength of (2279 ± 33) MPa together with a strong work-hardening deformation behavior. The volume fraction of the amorphous phase in the composite was determined to be around 23 vol%. The work softening caused by the formation of shear bands can be compensated by the work hardening arising from the pile-ups of dislocation and severe lattice distortion in the precipitated crystals and thereby stabilize the plastic deformation of the composite material. The findings imply that the room-temperature mechanical properties of bulk glassy alloy composites can be well tailored by selecting suitable reinforcers.
Graphic abstract
Journal Article
Macrodeformation twinning in a textured aluminum alloy via dynamic equal channel angular pressing
Dynamic equal channel angular pressing experiments are conducted on an aluminum alloy with impact directions (ID) parallel to the rolling direction (RD), transverse direction (TD) and normal direction (ND), referred to as the ID\\[\\parallel \\]RD, ID\\[\\parallel \\]TD and ID\\[\\parallel \\]ND loading, respectively. Anisotropic deformation twinning is observed as a result of texture and grain elongation along RD, and the deformation twins can be activated both at grain boundaries and within grain interiors. Large-sized deformation twins (tens of \\[\\mu \\]m long) form in the ID\\[\\parallel \\]RD sample, while few twins are observed in the ID\\[\\parallel \\]TD and ID\\[\\parallel \\]ND samples during rapid severe plastic deformation. Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to explain the effects of crystallographic orientations and grain geometry on deformation twinning. The resolved shear stress analysis shows that deformation twinning is easier to occur when the impact direction is along [001] and [110] than [111], and a larger grain dimension along the impact direction leads to a bigger twin size.
Journal Article
Porcine glucagon-like peptide-2 microspheres ameliorate inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-challenged weaning piglets
This study aimed to investigate the effects of porcine [gly2] glucagon-like peptide-2 (p[gly2]GLP-2) microspheres on lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets and to evaluate efficacy of microspheres for administration compared with more conventional administration. Eighteen 21-d-old Duroc female piglets were randomly assigned into 3 groups: the control group (intraperitoneal injection with 3 mL saline solution daily), the glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) group (intraperitoneal injection with 3 mL p[gly2]GLP-2 at 20 nmol/kg BW daily), and the microsphere (MS) group (intraperitoneal injection with 100 mg p[gly2]GLP-2 microsphere suspension at Day 1). On Day 8, all piglets were injected with 100 μg lipopolysaccharide/kg BW. Results showed that administration of p[gly2]GLP-2 microspheres decreased the -lactic acid and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde content of the serum and increased the villus height and villus crypt ratio in the duodenum and ileum. Inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in the duodenum and ileum decreased, whereas enzyme activity for sucrose and Na-K adenosine triphosphatase in the ileum increased with treatment of p[gly2]GLP-2 microspheres. In the MS group, we observed downregulation of IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GLP-2R mRNA expression in the ileum, upregulation of positive cell expression in the duodenum and positive cell expression in the ileum, and downregulation of GLP-2 receptor positive cell expression in the ileum. One injection of p[gly2]GLP-2 microspheres was as effective as p[gly2]GLP-2 administered for 7 d. Results suggested that p[gly2]GLP-2 can be a candidate agent for ameliorating weaning stress in piglets and that the use of microspheres is an ideal delivery system for GLP-2.
Journal Article
Enhancement of Plasticity and Biocorrosion Resistance in a Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation-Treated Mg-Based Amorphous Alloy Composite
We report on a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO)-treated Mg-Zn-Ca-Si amorphous alloy composite with enhancement of plasticity and corrosion resistance. The coated composite material exhibits excellent mechanical properties in compression, with a large plastic strain of 11.2% and a high fracture strength of 709 MPa. The enhanced plasticity may mainly ascribe to the partial nanocrystallization of amorphous phase in composite during PEO process, which can not only prevent runway localized plastic flow due to work softening, but also can introduce nucleation sites for the bands resulting from stress mismatch and compositional heterogeneity. Moreover, comparing with bare amorphous alloy composite, the corrosion current density measured in stimulated body fluid for the PEO-treated specimen decreases from 1.08 × 10
−3
to 4.45 × 10
−7
A/cm
2
. The present study may provide a fundamental basis for developing high-performance biodegradable Mg alloys.Please check the edit made in the article title.Yes, I have checked. There is no problem.
Journal Article
The Dynamics of Balanced Spiking Neuronal Networks Under Poisson Drive Is Not Chaotic
Some previous studies have shown that chaotic dynamics in the balanced state, i.e., one with balanced excitatory and inhibitory inputs into cortical neurons, is the underlying mechanism for the irregularity of neural activity. In this work, we focus on networks of current-based integrate-and-fire neurons with delta-pulse coupling. While we show that the balanced state robustly persists in this system within a broad range of parameters, we mathematically prove that the largest Lyapunov exponent of this type of neuronal networks is negative. Therefore, the irregular firing activity can exist in the system without the chaotic dynamics. That is the irregularity of balanced neuronal networks need not arise from chaos.
Journal Article
TaqMan-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect porcine circovirus-like virus
The aim of this study was to develop a rapid, sensitive and highly specific TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction PCR (qPCR) assay for porcine circovirus-like virus (PCLV). The primers and probe were designed based on the conserved regions of the PCLV ORF4 gene. The assay has a good detection performance (y = -3.3257x + 1.482, R2 = 0.9905), with a limit of detection of 10 copies, which was 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR (cPCR). No cross-reactivity was observed with other common viruses. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 1.25%. 36 fecal samples were analyzed using this method, detecting a positivity rate of 8.33% (3/36) that was higher than the cPCR detected. In summary, the established assay for PCLV detection has high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility and can be used as a tool for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation.
Journal Article
Neural representation of human experimenters in the bat hippocampus
Here we conducted wireless electrophysiological recording of hippocampal neurons from Egyptian fruit bats in the presence of human experimenters. In flying bats, many neurons modulated their activity depending on the identity of the human at the landing target. In stationary bats, many neurons carried significant spatial information about the position and identity of humans traversing the environment. Our results reveal that hippocampal activity is robustly modulated by the presence, movement and identity of human experimenters.
Snyder et al. report that hippocampal neurons in Egyptian fruit bats modulate their activity depending on the position and identity of human experimenters when bats are flying and encode experimenter position and identity when bats are stationary.
Journal Article
Malignancies in the rheumatoid arthritis abatacept clinical development programme: an epidemiological assessment
Objective:To provide context for the malignancy experience in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) abatacept clinical development programme (CDP) by performing comparisons with similar RA patients and the general population.Methods:Malignancy outcomes included total malignancy (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)), breast, colorectal, lung cancers and lymphoma. Comparisons were made between the observed incidence in patients within the abatacept CDP and RA patients on disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) identified from five data sources: the population-based British Columbia RA Cohort, the Norfolk Arthritis Register, the National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases, the Sweden Early RA Register and the General Practice Research Database. Age and sex-adjusted incidence rates (IR) and standardised incidence ratios (SIR) were used to compare events in the abatacept trials with the RA DMARD cohorts and the general population.Results:A total of 4134 RA patients treated with abatacept in seven trials and 41 529 DMARD-treated RA patients in the five observational cohorts was identified for study inclusion. In the abatacept-treated patients, the 51 malignancies (excluding NMSC), seven cases of breast, two cases of colorectal, 13 cases of lung cancer and five cases of lymphoma observed were not greater than the range of expected cases from the five RA cohorts. The SIR comparing RA patients with the general population were consistent with those reported in the literature.Conclusions:The IR of total malignancy (excluding NMSC), breast, colorectal, lung cancers and lymphoma in the abatacept CDP were consistent with those in a comparable RA population. These data suggest no new safety signals with respect to malignancies, which will continue to be monitored.
Journal Article