Explore the vast range of titles available.

An effective health status assessment (HSA) for pump station units (PSUs) is crucial for accurately determining their real status and providing technical support for safe operational decisions. Due to the limitations of existing data-driven HSA methods, which primarily focus on the temporal dependencies of monitoring signals and fail to explore the complex interconnections among signals comprehensively. Moreover, when constructing performance degradation indices based on linear differences, these methods do not effectively integrate heterogeneous signals, resulting in an incomplete and inaccurate assessment of the overall system degradation. This paper proposes a real-time comprehensive HSA method for PSUs based on multi-source heterogeneous uncertainty information. Initially, a health benchmark model (HBM) is built using CrossGNN, which possesses cross-scale and cross-variable interaction capabilities, to precisely capture the temporal dependencies and dynamic relationships among variables in monitoring signals. Subsequently, key measurement points that reflect the operational status of the PSUs are identified through correlation analysis to establish multi-source evaluation indices. Then, considering the uncertainty in signal changes, a novel health degradation index (HDI) is developed using Mahalanobis distance (MD) and the Gaussian Cloud Model (GCM) to analyze changes in unit status. Furthermore, a weighting calculation method based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is proposed to establish a real-time comprehensive health index (RCHDI) for a thorough assessment of PSUs status. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through a case study using data from a pump station in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. The results show that, compared to other studies, the proposed method significantly improves the stability and smoothness of the state assessment curve, with increases of 21.5% and 47.1% respectively, providing a new perspective for comprehensively assessing the health status of PSUs.V

Background Tiller angle, a key determinant of plant architecture in rice (Oryza sativa), critically influences photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield potential. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms that regulate tiller angle remain poorly characterized. As a central component of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintains cellular redox homeostasis, thereby modulating diverse growth and developmental processes in plants. Despite its established pleiotropic functions, the specific role of OsAPX2 in controlling tiller angle in rice has yet to be elucidated. Results Here, we employed an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses to elucidate the role of OsAPX2 in regulating rice tiller angle. Comparative analysis revealed 1,473 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the apx2 mutant, with significant enrichment in 23 pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction. Concurrently, OsAPX2 deletion perturbed the metabolome, leading to significant accumulation changes in 34 metabolites (15 increased, 19 decreased). Moreover, the results of co-expression analysis showed that the interactions of identified DEGs and DEMs diversely involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, indicating that OsAPX2 may be involved in the regulation of these processes during tillering stage. Conclusion The results indicated that a loss-of-function mutation in OsAPX2 increased the tiller angle by (i) enhancement of the starch and sucrose metabolism, (ii) promotion of plant hormone signal transduction pathways. This study provided new mechanistic insight into how this pleiotropic regulator modulated carbohydrate metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction pathways that specifically link ROS signaling to tiller angle.

Placental trophoblasts contribute to regulatory T (Treg) function the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway during normal pregnancy. Decreased expression of PD-L1 in trophoblasts was closely associated with Treg deficiency in the development of pregnancy failure. Thus, targeting PD-L1 might be a novel therapy to prevent pregnancy loss. However, the mechanisms for modulating the expression of PD-L1 in trophoblasts are an enigma. The proportion of decidual Treg cells, and the profile of decidual macrophages (DMs) sampled from women with normal pregnancy (NP) and recurrent miscarriage (RM) were evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression of Yin and Yang 1 protein (YY1) and PD-L1 in human villous were measured by Immunohistochemistry (IHC), qRT-PCR and western blot. The determination of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in serum from NP and RM, and trophoblast conditioned media (TCM) was performed by the PD-L1 SimpleStep ELISA kit. Knockdown of YY1 was processed in the human trophoblast derived cell lines, HTR-8 and Bewo, with siYY1 transfection. Peripheral naïve CD4 T cells were isolated from women with NP for the culture. The percentages of Treg cells differentiated from peripheral naïve CD4 T cells were measured by flow cytometry. The interaction between YY1 and was proved by CHIP. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in decidua was evaluated by IHC. The level of NO in serum from women with NP and RM was determined by the Griess reagent system. The effects of NO on YY1 were determined by the culture of HTR-8 cells with the NO donor, SNAP. The model comprising twelve pregnant mice and underwent different treatment. The percentages of Treg cells in murine uterus were measured by flow cytometry. Similarly, Western blot and IHC were performed to determine the expression of YY1 and PD-L1 in murine placenta. Decreased expression of YY1 and PD-L1 in trophoblasts and lower proportion of decidual Treg cells were observed in patients with RM. Knockdown of YY1 contributes to a lower expression of YY1 and PD-L1. Soluble PD-L1 in the supernatant from HTR-8 cells was also decreased with siYY1 administration. Lower Treg differentiation was observed in the presence of supernatant from HTR-8 cells treated with siYY1. CHIP analysis revealed that endogenous YY1 directly occupied the promoter region of the (PD-L1) gene. Accompanied with increased M1 DMs, higher NO was observed in serum sampled from patients with RM. In the presence of Reduced expression of YY1 and PD-L1 was observed in HTR-8 cells with the treatment of SNAP. Furthermore, less Treg differentiation was observed with SNAP treated TCM. Moreover, our data found that YY1 deficiency was associated with decreased PD-L1, which further resulting in less Treg differentiation and Treg deficiency at the maternal-fetal interface and increased embryo loss. Our work found the modulatory capacity of YY1 on PD-L1 in trophoblasts during early pregnancy. Furthermore, reduced YY1 was supposed resulting from higher levels of NO produced from the M1 DMs in RM.

In order to improve the room temperature yield strength of X and enhance its engineering applicability, a series of CoCr1.7NiYx (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.1 at.%) medium-entropy alloys were synthesized to investigate the effect of Y addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the CoCr1.7Ni-based alloy. The X-ray diffraction results show that the alloys exhibit face-centered cubic (FCC) + body-centered cubic (BCC) + hexagonal close packing (HCP) triphasic structure when the Y is adopted, whereas the CoCr1.7Ni-based alloy has a FCC+BCC biphasic structure. The volume fraction of BCC and HCP phase increased with increasing Y content, which led to alloy grain refinement. As a result, the microhardness and strength of alloys were both enhanced. The addition of Y resulted in dispersion strengthening and solid solution strengthening of CoCr1.7Ni alloy, the appearance of HCP, and an increase in BCC, which improved the room temperature yield strength and hardness of CoCr1.7Ni alloy. In particular, for CoCr1.7NiY0.1 alloy, its microhardness and yield strength, respectively, increased by 98.18% and 260.59% as compared with those of CoCr1.7Ni alloy.

Threats from landfill leachate leakage to groundwater quality in remote areas is a major concern globally. Buffering distance (BFD) maintained between landfill site and groundwater supply wells is important to prevent drinking water from contamination of hazardous pollutant. Ignoring the leakage increase in the end of landfill life leads to an underestimate of BFD demand, posing potential threat to drinking safety. This paper constructs a framework for BFD prediction with the consideration of landfill performance degradation by coupling landfill performance evaluation model with the aging and defect evolution model of landfill engineering materials, and carries out model application and verification in a coastal hazardous waste landfill. The results show that during the life cycle of a landfill, its BFD experienced a 1.5-time increase from the start of its operation to its life end and reached 3000 m. Under the condition of landfill performance degradation, the BFDs required to attenuate heavy metals experience more increase than those of organic pollutants; BFD required for zinc (Zn), for example, increases 720 m over the no-degradation condition, while 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-D) increases by only 288 m. Considering the uncertainty sourced from model parameter and structure, the BFD should be more than 4050 m to ensure long-term safe drinking under unfavorable conditions such as large amount of leachate, weak degradation and fast diffusion of pollutant in vadose and aquifer. If the BFD cannot meet the demand at the end of the landfill life, the leaching behavior of solid waste can be controlled to reduce it depending on BFD. For example, when the leaching concentration of Cd in the waste is reduced from 0.6 mg/L to 0.17 mg/L, the buffering distance is be reduced from 3000 m to 500 m.

A new chlorinated amino acid derivative with a rare 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl unit named aspergamide A (1), along with three known compounds, xylarinol A (2), nectriapyrone (3), and asperisocoumarin A (4), were isolated from the sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. LS53. Their structures were determined by combining detailed spectroscopic analysis and literature data. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed weak Vibrio harveyi inhibition with MIC values ranging from 16 to 64 μg/mL, whereas 2 was found to be inactive.

Vertical flexible barriers (VFBs) are widely used for contaminant source separation and risk control. Inherent or externally caused damage to a VFB can affect its effectiveness in pollution containment and control, but its effective detection is a major challenge due to its concealed nature. This paper presents a combined pumping and tracer approach to detect defects in VFBs. A high-performance model is used to model the detection process revealing the migration and distribution behavior of the tracer in the triple media system of wellbore–aquifer–VFB to better understand the effectiveness of the method and its performance indicators, including response time, detectable depth, and defect size, and to optimize its application. Simulation results show that the tracer quickly moves through the defect to the monitoring well, and temporal tracer concentration reveals details of the breach in the wall. Sensitivity analysis reveals influential factors, including defect size, depth, and tracer concentration. Results indicate that the size and depth of defects will affect the penetration and response time. Breakthrough is less clear, and response time is longer if defects are small and deep. However, a higher tracer injection concentration can shorten the response time and increase tracer concentration in the monitoring well. Therefore, it is necessary to design the tracer dosing concentration according to the site conditions. For the Yancheng site, tracer concentration was increased from 1000 ppb to 2660 ppb to ensure the detection of leakage points at 4 m or deeper.

At landfill sites, uncontrolled leachate is a serious cause of groundwater and soil contamination at landfills and can occur extensively when there are looploopholesin the vertical HDPE (High-density polyethylene) membrane. For this reason, detecting HDPE membranes is necessary. The conventional electrode running poles approach is limited, it reflects the distribution of resistivity in 2D subsurface profiles, which is difficult to deploy electrodes above vertical HDPE membrane. According to the structural characteristics and field conditions of vertical HDPE membranes, the two-row current and potential (CP) electrode array is proposed to be applied to the testing of vertical HDPE membranes. The forward geoelectric model of the vulnerability was built using pyGimli, and data on 1519 apparent resistivity were acquired. The previous knowledge without the vulnerability was taken into consideration as the constraint condition, and the regional control was added to conduct the inversion, all using the least square approach. The model was used to analyze data on the detection of vertical HDPE membranes in a landfill In Yancheng, and potential flaws were discovered. Results show that the CP electrical measuring device can be efficient, quick, and accurate in the positioning of vertical HDPE membrane hole detection, and it is a cost-effective method. To verify the results, in the vertical HDPE membrane, through the Wenner device, the inversion of the 2D profile, and low resistivity anomalies are detected. This is thought to be through the leachate of leakage of HDPE membrane resistance rate is about 1.8 ohm. The findings demonstrate that the vertical HDPE membrane susceptibility may be located and detected using a CP electrical measuring instrument, which is a practical and efficient approach.

Major zygotic genome activation (ZGA) occurs at the late 2‐cell stage and involves the activation of thousands of genes, supporting early embryonic development. The reasons underlying the regulation of ZGA are not clear. Acetylation modifications of histone tails promote transcriptional activation, and the maternal deletion of H4K16ac leads to failure in ZGA. GATAD2B is one of the core subunits of the nucleosome remodelling and histone deacetylation (NuRD) complex. Our research has shown that GATAD2B exhibits specific nucleus localization and high protein expression from the late 2‐cell stage to the 8‐cell stage. This intriguing phenomenon prompted us to investigate the relationship between GATAD2B and the ZGA. We discovered a distinctive pattern of GATAD2B, starting from the late 2‐cell stage with nuclear localization. GATAD2B depletion resulted in defective embryonic development, including increased DNA damage at morula, decreased blastocyst formation rate, and abnormal differentiation of ICM/TE lineages. Consistent with the delay during the cleavage stage, the transcriptome analysis of the 2‐cell embryo revealed inhibition of the cell cycle G2/M phase transition pathway. Furthermore, the GATAD2B proteomic data provided clear evidence of a certain association between GATAD2B and molecules involved in the cell cycle pathway. As hypothesized, GATAD2B‐deficient 2‐cell embryos exhibited abnormalities in ZGA during the maternal‐to‐embryonic transition, with lower expression of the major ZGA marker MERVL. Overall, our results demonstrate that GATAD2B is essential for early embryonic development, in part through facilitating ZGA. Major ZGA occurs at the late‐2 cell stage and involves the activation of thousands of genes, supporting early embryonic development. GATAD2B is one of the core subunits of the nucleosome remodelling and histone deacetylation (NuRD) complex. Our results demonstrate that GATAD2B is essential for pre‐implantation embryonic development, in part through facilitating ZGA.

A new cyclopentenone derivative, hypocnone A (1), together with four known analogues, trichodenone B (2), 3-ethyl-4-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone (3), 3-ethyl-4,5-dihydroxycyclopent-2-enone (4), and 3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-cyclopent-2-enone (5), were isolated from the fungus Hypocrea koningii associated with the sponge Haliclona sp. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with the literature.