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Quercetin Prevents LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Modulating NOX2/ROS/NF-kB in Lung Epithelial Cells
Oxidative stress caused by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role in inflammatory processes. We hypothesized that modulation of ROS via quercetin may protect against oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of quercetin on oxidative stress and inflammation in lung epithelial A549 cells. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced elevation of intracellular ROS levels was reduced after quercetin treatment, which also almost completely abolished the mRNA and protein expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) induced by LPS stimulation. In addition, quercetin suppressed the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6, which had increased significantly after LPS exposure. Our data demonstrated that quercetin decreased ROS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by suppressing NOX2 production.
Journal Article
Exploring Tumor–Immune Interactions in Co-Culture Models of T Cells and Tumor Organoids Derived from Patients
The use of patient-derived tumor tissues and cells has led to significant advances in personalized cancer therapy and precision medicine. The advent of genomic sequencing technologies has enabled the comprehensive analysis of tumor characteristics. The three-dimensional tumor organoids derived from self-organizing cancer stem cells are valuable ex vivo models that faithfully replicate the structure, unique features, and genetic characteristics of tumors. These tumor organoids have emerged as innovative tools that are extensively employed in drug testing, genome editing, and transplantation to guide personalized therapy in clinical settings. However, a major limitation of this emerging technology is the absence of a tumor microenvironment that includes immune and stromal cells. The therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors has underscored the importance of immune cells, particularly cytotoxic T cells that infiltrate the vicinity of tumors, in patient prognosis. To address this limitation, co-culture techniques combining tumor organoids and T cells have been developed, offering diverse avenues for studying individualized drug responsiveness. By integrating cellular components of the tumor microenvironment, including T cells, into tumor organoid cultures, immuno-oncology has embraced this technology, which is rapidly advancing. Recent progress in co-culture models of tumor organoids has allowed for a better understanding of the advantages and limitations of this novel model, thereby exploring its full potential. This review focuses on the current applications of organoid-T cell co-culture models in cancer research and highlights the remaining challenges that need to be addressed for its broader implementation in anti-cancer therapy.
Journal Article
Morphologies : short story writers on short story writers : essays
Structurally speaking, the short story is often overlooked as a literary form. This collection of essays demonstrates how, in fact, the short story boasts a long tradition of deploying some of the most tightly coiled, daring and complicated structures of any literary form.
Book
Non-Gaussian quantum states of a multimode light field
Advanced quantum technologies require scalable and controllable quantum resources
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,
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. Gaussian states of multimode light, such as squeezed states and cluster states, are scalable quantum systems
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–
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, which can be generated on demand. However, non-Gaussian features are indispensable in many quantum protocols, especially to reach a quantum computational advantage
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. Embodying non-Gaussianity in a multimode quantum state remains a challenge as non-Gaussian operations generally cannot maintain coherence among multiple modes. Here, we generate non-Gaussian quantum states of a multimode light field by removing a single photon in a mode-selective manner from a Gaussian state
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. To highlight the potential for continuous-variable quantum technologies, we first demonstrated the capability to generate negativity of the Wigner function in a controlled mode. Subsequently, we explored the interplay between non-Gaussianity and quantum entanglement and verify a theoretical prediction
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about the propagation of non-Gaussianity along the nodes of photon-subtracted cluster states. Our results demonstrate large-scale non-Gaussianity with great flexibility along with an ensured compatibility with quantum information protocols. This range of features makes our approach ideal to explore the physics of non-Gaussian entanglement
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,
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and to develop quantum protocols, which range across quantum computing
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,
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, entanglement distillation
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and quantum simulations
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.
Continuous-variables quantum information processing requires non-Gaussian states and operations. The generation of non-Gaussian quantum states of a multimode field is now reported through a mode-selective photon-subtraction scheme
Journal Article
Litmus : short stories from modern science / edited by Ra Page
\"Like the creation myths they supersede, the revelations of science are seared into our collective imagination through storytelling. From Archimedes' bath to Newton's apple, vivid accounts of scientific discovery help us understand the principles behind each theory, and add to the larger narrative of how the universe works, and how we came to be here. This anthology draws out and distills science's love of narrative from a wide range of scientific disciplines, weaving theory into very human stories, and delving into the humanity of theorists and experimenters as they stood on the brink of momentous discoveries: from Joseph Swan's original light-bulb moment to the uncovering of 'mirror neurons' lighting up empathy zones in the human brain; from Einstein's revelation on a Bern tram, to Pavlov's identification of personality types thanks to a freak flood in his St. Petersburg lab. Each story has been written in close consultation with scientists and historians and is accompanied by a specially written afterword, expanding on the science for the general reader.\"--Publisher description.
Book
HONORING OUR JOURNEYS: THE IMPORTANCE OF PALLIATIVE CARE AND NARRATIVE MEDICINE IN ONCOLOGY
At a National Cancer Institute (NCI) designated Comprehensive Cancer Center Palliative care is a pivotal component of comprehensive oncology care. (n=120,000 patient visits annually and n=57,000 physicians and staff) The intersections of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the effective integration of palliative care was identified as a potential opportunity to expand best practices across care delivery in the cancer trajectory. The purpose was to describe a GE-accredited educational offering for oncology clinical staff that incorporated narrative medicine techniques to enhance DEI across the continuum of palliative care, while facilitating a healing landscape in which patients, families, and the workforce can ideally honor their unique, respective journeys. As an element of graduate studies an oncology nurse researched palliative care and narrative medicine to develop a webinar delivered live and available for on demand viewing. Disparities and Bias in Cancer Care were discussed. The HUMBLE model was utilized to explore acceptance of differences that may include race and ethnicity, gender identity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, neurodiversity, and how one physically, emotionally, and spiritually navigates the world. A world-cloud exercise using the painting \"Sea and Rain\" by James McNeill Whistler (1865) provided an opportunity for reflection, and audience engagement for content integration. A brief introduction to narrative medicine was provided through the sharing of knowledge gained through an interview with the founder of this philosophy, while integrating imagery and real-world examples from nursing practice to exhibit the potentiality and ideal of narrative medicine and palliative care as a whole. A diverse group of oncology clinical staff including: LPNs, Nurse Managers, Program Directors, Nurse Practitioners, Nurse Educators/Glinical Nurse Specialists, and RNs from three different campuses of our cancer center. Preliminary evaluation data compiled from post-webinar RedCap surveys demonstrated positive learning from the content in addition to reflections regarding how the content may potentially impact the way in which oncology clinical staff approach how they carry out their roles as caregivers. The Webinar via on demand viewing continues to be utilized as a GE-accredited course. The provision of culturally-sensitive palliative care is appropriate at all time points in the oncology care continuum and should be uniquely offered to individuals with intentional respect, while honoring diversity and the way in which all individuals uniquely live life in the ever-changing and complexities within the cancer journey.
Journal Article
Factors Affecting Disability Disclosure in Employment Setting for Individuals with Intellectual Disability
This study aimed to increase the understanding of this disability disclosure of people with intellectual disability by examining the determinants of their disclosure at work. For this aim, six individuals with intellectual disability were interviewed, and consensual qualitative research (CQR) was used to identify factors related to their disability disclosure. As results, the factors that affect the disability disclosure were largely divided into personal variables and environmental variables, and various factors including confidence, disability severity, employment type, employers, co-workers, and organizational culture were mentioned. The results of this study can help people have better understanding about disability disclosure in employment settings. We also discuss how vocational education for individuals with intellectual disability should be offered.
Journal Article