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Monomer of 7-methacryloyloxy-4-methylcoumarin (MAOMC) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Copolymers of MAOMC with butoxyethylmethacrylate (BOEMA) at different feed compositions were prepared by free radical solution polymerization at (70 ± 1) °C in ethylmethylketone (EMK) using benzyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the copolymers showed moderate thermal stability and higher Tg values. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to find out the molecular weights of the different copolymers. Antibacterial activities of the copolymers were also investigated against the selected pathogenic bacteria’s. The antibacterial activity of the copolymer increases as the MAOMC content increases in the copolymer. This shows that coumarin moiety plays a very important role in the antibacterial activity.

The methacrylamide monomer, N-(p-bromophenyl)-2-methacrylamide (PBPMA) was synthesized by reacting p-bromoaniline dissolved in ethylmethylketone (EMK) with methacryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. The copolymers of PBPMA with N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) were synthesized by free radical solution polymerization using EMK as a solvent at 70 ± 1 °C and benzoyl peroxide as a free radical initiator. The copolymerization behavior was studied in a wide composition interval with the mole fractions of PBPMA ranging from 0.20 to 0.80 in the feed. The copolymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and GPC. The solubility was tested in various polar and non polar solvents. The thermogravimetric analysis of the polymers showed that the thermal stability of the copolymer increases with PBPMA content. The copolymer composition was determined by elemental analysis. The monomer reactivity ratios were determined by the application of conventional linearization methods such as Fineman–Ross, Kelen–Tudos methods, and a non-linear error-in-variable model (EVM) method using a computer program.

Bovine mastitis is the most frequent and costly illness impacting dairy herds worldwide. The presence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows has an impact on the decreased output of milk and milk quality, culling of affected cows, mortality rate, as well as mastitis-related treatment expenses, generating significant financial loss to the dairy industry. The pathogenic bacteria invade through the mammary gland, which then multiply in the milk-producing tissues causing infection, and the presence of pathogenic bacteria in milk is concerning, jeopardizes human health, and also has public health consequences. Intervention to promote herd health is essential to protect public health and the economy. This review attempts to provide an overview of subclinical mastitis, including mastitis in different species, the effect of mastitis on human health and its pathogenic mechanism, the prevalence and incidence of subclinical mastitis, and current preventive, diagnostic, and treatment methods for subclinical mastitis. It also elaborates on the management practices that should be followed by the farms to improve herd immunity and health. This review brings the importance of the threat of antimicrobial resistance organisms to the dairy industry. Furthermore, this review gives a glimpse of the economic consequences faced by the farmers and a futuristic mastitis market analysis in the dairy industry.

Ball milling was used to prepare nanocrystalline TiO2, GO and PVDF-HFP/TiO2/GO nanocomposite, and the effects of milling hours on phase transformation and crystal size wasinvestigated. The films were made using the doctor blade method. XRD, SEM, FTIR spectra were used to characterize the prepared samples. The dielectric constant values were calculated for different milling hour. A lightweight, low-power film is described here for controlling the engagement in a mobile cleaning device. Electrostatic adhesion between thin electrode sheets covered with a dielectric substance underpins the film. The load bearing is influenced by the GO to TiO2 wt.%. A portable device has been fabricated based on the concept of electroadhesion.

Nanocrystalline TiO 2 particles were prepared by ball milling and effect of milling time on the crystalline size and phase transformation were studied. PVDF-HFP/TiO 2 composite films with the milled TiO 2 particles were prepared by doctor blade technique. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR spectra. The change in dielectric constant with respect to frequency is studied for the PVDF-HFP/TiO 2 composite films. Milling time was determined to influence the dielectric parameters. Electroadhesive films were prepared using these films as dielectric layers and their ability to polarize different materials has been analyzed. Electrostatic clutches were prepared using the PVDF-HFP/TiO 2 composite films as dielectric medium sandwiched between a pair of conducting fabric electrodes. These lightweight clutches were tested for their load bearing capacity.The effect of increase in milling time on the structural and morphological parameters of the composite films and hence the dielectric constant influences the load bearing capacity of the prepared electro adhesive clutches. Also, the input voltage and source type were found to impact the load bearing property of the electroadhesive clutch.

Because of their enormous potential for use in current electronic systems, polymer-based dielectric materials have garnered considerable attention. The spatial distribution of fillers has a significant impact on the dielectric behavior of polymer composites, so a better understanding of the relationship between the dielectric properties of composites and the spatial distribution of filler would be extremely helpful in developing new high-performance dielectrics. In this study, anatase TiO2 and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanocomposites were prepared by ball-milling. This was followed by the preparation of poly(vinylidene fluoride)–co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP)-based polymer nanocomposites. TiO2/h-BN material was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The TiO2/h-BN nanoparticles were well distributed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, with very little particle aggregation. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy data indicate that the nanocomposite components interact well. AC impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the variations in electrical characteristics including dielectric constant, dielectric loss and electrical resistivity (Nyquist plot) of the prepared composite film. These films were applied to enhance load-bearing capacity during electrostatic force state, making use of flexible fabric-based metal electrodes. The load-bearing capacity of the film was determined by measuring the tensile strength. The PVDF-HFP/TiO2/h-BN nanocomposite showed flexibility in addition to dependable dielectric capabilities, making it potentially suitable for a variety of flexible electronic devices such as electroadhesion and electrostatic storage devices.

Poly (vinylidene fluoride- hexafluoroproylene) PVDF-HFP has been employed as a host polymer because of its strong chemical resistance, mechanical and dielectric properties and low cost. However, further changes employing other polymers, nanomaterials, additives and fillers to improve the properties of the host polymers are of significant interest. TiO 2 has gained a lot of attention because of its high k dielectric and photo catalytic capabilities. Graphene oxide (GO) has received a lot of attention because of its larger mechanical strength, dielectric behavior and other qualities. Using the doctor blade coating process, varied amounts of TiO 2 and GO were successfully integrated into PVDF-HFP to form composite films. The XRD result reveals that TiO 2 /GO has been successfully incorporated into the PVDF-HFP polymer matrix, while FTIR, SEM experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of TiO 2 /GO fillers on PVDF-HFP film. AC impedance spectroscopy reveals the dielectric behavior and resistivity of polymer nanocomposite film. The film has been tested for its loading bearing capacity during electroadhesion with different applied voltages. The maximum load bearing capacity based on electroadhesion has been estimated. Graphical abstract

In rice ( Oryza sativa L.), during the course of domestication, numerous beneficial alleles remain untapped in the progenitor wild species and landraces. This study aims at uncovering these promising alleles of six key genes influencing the yield, such as DEP1 , Ghd7 , Gn1a , GS 3, qSW5 and sd1 by targeted resequencing of the 200 rice genotypes. In all, 543 nucleotide variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion and deletion polymorphisms were identified from the targeted genes. Of them, 225 were novel alleles, which identified in the present study only and 91 were beneficial alleles that showed significant association with the yield traits. Besides, we uncovered 128 population-specific alleles with indica being the highest of 79 alleles. The neutrality tests revealed that pleiotropic gene, Ghd7 and major grain size contributing gene, GS3 showed positive and balanced selection, respectively during the domestication. Further, the haplotype analysis revealed that some of the rice genotypes found to have rare haplotypes, especially the high yielding variety, BPT1768 has showed maximum of three genes such as Gn1a-8 , qSW5-12 and GS3-29 . The rice varieties with novel and beneficial alleles along with the rare haplotypes identified in the present study could be of immense value for yield improvement in the rice breeding programs.

In this work, partially stabilised Zirconium of approximately 0.5 mm was coated by the plasma spraying over the piston crown. The effects of Safflower Methyl Ester (SAME) in the Low Heat Rejection (LHR) engine, along with Retarded Timing (RT), are compared to a conventional CI engine. The results show that the LHR engine's Brake thermal efficiency was more than that of the diesel CI engine. The emission levels of Carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons are lower on the LHR engine in comparison with the uncoated engine.