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The corner of stone of this paper is the numerical treatment of the Robot arm control problem and its integral representation. The semi-analytic and numerical solutions are introduced using two impressive techniques. The first is the Chebyshev collocation method and the second is the differential transform method. The comparison from the error point of view between the exact solution and the numerical solution obtained by two techniques used are considered. Also, the integral representation of the Robot arm control system of equations are constructed and gives the same result obtained for the differential form. The advantage of the integral form is the non-locality and globality. The results and comparison between our techniques with other classic techniques which solve the same problem are introduced in the form of tables and figures with the help of Mathematica program to investigate and explain the efficiency and applicability of differential transform and Chebyshev collocation methods.

El Minia Governorate is within the Nile Valley and is surrounded by the Eocene limestone plateaus from the east and west. The present study focuses on the hydrogeochemistry of the Eocene limestone aquifer in both the eastern and western desert fringes of El Minia. Thirty groundwater samples from the Eocene aquifer (east and west of the Nile) and seven samples from post-Eocene aquifers in this area were analyzed to assess the groundwater geochemistry, isotopic compositions and the subsurface hydrology. Samples obtained from depths of 24–120 m were measured for major components, nutrients, oxygen-18, deuterium and carbon-13. The groundwater TDS (total dissolved solids) concentrations ranged from 530 to 2788 and 453 to 1903 mg/l at the western and eastern desert fringes, respectively. Values of Eocene aquifer water δ 18 O ranged from −8.31 to −0.44 and −2.07 to 0.55 ‰, and those of water δD ranged from −63.6 to −2.32 and −9.03 to 5.03 ‰ for the Eocene aquifer at the western and eastern side, respectively. Chemical analysis shows that the main chemical facies of the Eocene water are Ca–Mg–HCO 3 and Ca–SO 4 . The chemical and isotopic data show that water–rock interaction (calcite dissolution and silicate weathering) and mixing between different water types control the major ion chemistry of Eocene aquifer water. The chemical composition of Eocene water has also evolved by evaporation and ion exchange. The present study indicates the need for regional chemical and isotopic study for the Eocene aquifer along the Nile Valley region to delineate the sources of recharge to this important aquifer.

In this trial, patients with patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic embolism were assigned to undergo closure with the use of a percutaneous device or to receive medical therapy. There was no significant difference in the rates of recurrent embolic events or death. Paradoxical embolism by means of a patent foramen ovale has been blamed as a cause of stroke and other systemic ischemic events since the 19th century. 1 The actual passage of a venous clot through a patent foramen ovale has been documented in a few cases and resulted in systemic embolic events such as ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), 2 – 6 or myocardial infarction. 7 Catheter-based closure of patent foramen ovale was introduced in 1992. 8 Observational long-term data suggest that closure of patent foramen ovale in patients with a history of ischemic stroke may reduce the risk of recurrent stroke as compared . . .

In this article, we will introduce new types of private soliton solutions to the higher order nonlinear Schrödinger equation (HOSE), containing cubic–quintic–septic nonlinearity, weak nonlocal nonlinearity, self-frequency shift, and self-steepening effect. The suggested model describes the propagation of an optical pulse in the weakly nonlocal nonlinear parabolic law media. We will derive these new types of soliton solutions in the framework of impressive, effective technique, namely, the Riccati–Bernoulli Sub-ODE method (RBSODM) which is one of the well-known ansatz methods that does not surrender to the homogeneous balance theory, reduce the volume of calculations and continuously achieves distinct results. In addition, to confirm and clarify our achieved results we will explore the identical numerical solutions for all realized soliton solutions using the Haar–Wavelet Method (HWM). The Haar–Wavelet Method that usually achieves good results is considered one of the recent numerical schemas. The 2D, 3D figures simulations between the soliton solutions and the numerical solutions have been demonstrated. The obtained soliton solutions are new when it compared with Zhou et al. (Chin Phys Lett 39: 044202, 2022) who solved this model by other technique.

In this work, 2 mm thick medium-Mn austenitic stainless steel (MMn–SS) plates were joined with austenitic NiCr stainless steel (NiCr–SS) and low-carbon steel (LCS) using the gas tungsten arc welding technique. A precise adjustment of the welding process parameters was conducted to achieve high-quality dissimilar joints of MMn–SS with NiCr–SS and LCS. The microstructural evolution was studied using laser scanning confocal and electron microscopes. Secondary electron imaging and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques were intensively employed to analyze the fine features of the weld structures. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by uniaxial tensile tests and micro-indentation hardness (HIT). The microstructure of the fusion zone (FZ) in the MMn–SS joints exhibited an austenitic matrix with a small fraction of δ-ferrite, ~6%. The tensile strength (TS) of the MMn–SS/NiCr–SS joint is significantly higher than that of the MMn–SS/LCS joint. For instance, the TSs of MMn–SS joints with NiCr–SS and LCS are 610 and 340 MPa, respectively. The tensile properties of MMn–SS/LCS joints are similar to those of BM LCS, since the deformation behavior and shape of the tensile flow curve for that joint are comparable with the flow curve of LCS. The HIT measurements show that the MMn–SS/NiCr–SS joint is significantly stronger than the MMn–SS/LCS joint since the HIT values are 2.18 and 1.85 GPa, respectively.

In this work, we will concentrate on constructing novel forms of soliton solution for the Lonngren Wave Equation. The Lonngren Wave Equation is important in areas where understanding wave phenomena is critical, including engineering, physics, and applied mathematics. It allows for analysis and prediction of wave behaviour under various physical conditions. These forms of soliton solution will be obtained using two of the recent efficient analytic techniques, one of them is the Riccati-Bernoulli Sub-OD Equation method, which is not obeys to the principle of homogenous balance. The other analytic method which obeys the homogenous balance principle is the extended simple equation method. Besides the two analytic methods, we introduce the approximate solutions corresponding to the soliton solutions obtained before by the mentioned analytic methods using the numerical technique called the Haar Wavelet Method. With the help of Mathematica program, the 2D and 3D graphs are considered to explain the physical and geometric interpretations of the obtained results. The obtained solitons are of the kind periodic parabolic soliton solution, bright soliton solution, dark soliton solution, kink soliton solution. Our results are obtained for the first time, and they are important and effective compared to the results obtained by other authors for the same problem.

The current study aims to shed light on the often-overlooked Islamic history and its lasting legacy, countering the dominant western discourse. It seeks to highlight the creativity, innovation, and technology that emerged from the rich classical Islamic heritage. The remarkable civilization forged by Muslim scholars and scientists across various fields of human knowledge was only made possible due to their profound belief and religious duty to promote creativity in human existence. Therefore, the current research aims to present, a philosophical study of innovation and creativity based on the Qur’ān and Sunnah supported by classical and modern Islamic literature. This study also deploys an analytical and descriptive approach to conduct an analysis of present literature on Islamic origin. Moreover, this article is a scholarly attempt to demystify the principles and values that regulate the philosophy of creativity and innovation in Islām. Additionally, it presents an Islamic view on Muslim’s existing moral issues of innovation, creativity, and technology by drawing upon the teachings and principles of Qur’ān and Sunnah. To achieve, the proposed goals of this article, many Islāmic texts that urge innovation, creativity, and pay a special concern to the talented and skilled, were consulted. Hence, the research determined that Islamic heritage has a lot to contribute to the modern conceptualization of innovative and creative human life, which motivates Muslims’ to compete with others in this regard. Consequently, there is no such thing in Islam that prevents a Muslim from excelling in technology, which brings benefits and repels harm, while following the principles and teachings of the Qur’ān and Sunnah.

In the present work, dissimilar butt joints between a low-Ni, medium-Mn austenitic stainless steel, M-Mn SS, and a Ni-Cr austenitic stainless steel, Ni-Cr SS, were processed by utilizing the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) technique at different heat inputs. A filler metal of ER308 was employed in the welding process. The filler yields 480 MPa, which is equivalent to the yield strength of M-Mn SS. The microstructural analysis and mechanical performance (i.e., tensile strength and hardness properties) of the concerned joints were studied by using an optical microscope and uniaxial tensile tests, respectively. The results revealed that a duplex structure from austenite matrix and delta ferrite is promoted in the fusion zone (FZ) of the dissimilar joints processed with low and high energy inputs (0.486 kJ/mm and 0.558 kJ/mm). The FZ of the specimens welded at high heat input exhibited the lowest hardness value (151.2 HV) in comparison to heat affected zone (HAZ) (166.3 HV). Moreover, the joints exhibited a low tensile strength of 610 MPa. The achieved strength is significantly lower than the strengths of the base metals (BMs) M-Mn SS and Ni-Cr SS. This is mainly attributed to the inhomogeneous dendritic structure of the FZ with Cr-carbides precipitation.

One of the important problems arising in biology science is the bacteria motion that surrenders to some operators as light, heat…,etc. The Chavy-Waddy-Kolokolnikov equation (CWKE) is considered one of the famous models in biology branch that is very valuable in the modeling bacteria collective formation attracted to the light. Hereby, we will study this effective model to construct the soliton behaviors of this model. Hereby, we will choose two of the impressive semi-analytical methods, namely, the extended simple equation method (ESEM) and the (G’/G)-expansion method to extract the analytical solutions of this model and derive the soliton behaviors through the 2-kind and 3-kind graphs of these obtained solutions. The two suggested methods are two famous of the ansatz methods that surrender to the homogenous balance rule, used to construct the exact solution for nonlinear partial differential equation and examined before for many other nonlinear evolution equations and usually realize good results. In addition, we will derive the numerical solutions identical for achieved analytical solutions by using the differential transform method (DTM) which is one of the most, efficient numerical methods. To show the newly of our results, we will make comparison for the obtained soliton solutions behaviors with that previously realized by other authors.

An equation for the Absolute Cavity Pyrgeometer (ACP) is derived from application of Kirchhoff's law and the addition of a convection term to account for the thermopile being open to the environment, unlike a domed radiometer. The equation is then used to investigate four methods to characterise key instrumental parameters using laboratory and field measurements. The first uses solar irradiance to estimate the thermopile responsivity, the second uses a minimisation method that solves for the thermopile responsivity and transmission of the cavity, and the third and fourth revisit the Reda et al. (2012) linear least squares calibration technique. Data were collected between January and November 2020, when the ACP96 and two IRIS radiometers monitoring terrestrial irradiances were available. The results indicate good agreement with IRIS irradiances using the new equation. The analysis also indicates that while the thermopile responsivity, concentrator transmission and emissivity of an ACP can be determined independently, as an open instrument, the impact of the convection term is minor in steady-state conditions but significant when the base of the instrument is being subjected to rapid artificial cooling or heating. Using laboratory characterisation of the transmission and emissivity, together with use of an estimated solar calibration of the thermopile, generated mean differences of less than 1.5 Wm−2 to the two IRIS radiometers. A minimisation method using each IRIS radiometer as the reference also provided similar results, and the derived thermopile responsivity was within 0.3 µV W−1 m2 of the solar-calibration-derived infrared responsivity estimate of 10.5 µV W−1 m2 estimated using a nominal solar calibration and provide irradiances within ±2 % of the terrestrial irradiance measured by the reference pyrgeometers traceable to the International System of Units (SI). The calibration method using linear least squares regression introduced by Reda et al. (2012) that relies on rapid cooling of the ACP base but utilising the new equation was found to produce consistent results but was dependent on the assumed temperature of the air above the thermopile. This study demonstrates the potential of the ACP as another independent reference radiometer for terrestrial irradiance once the magnitude of the convection coefficient and any potential variations in it have been resolved.