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The far-reaching consequences of the novel human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have brought unprecedented challenges across all aspects of human endeavors, including the resonating effects on educational systems worldwide. Learners and educators have showcased their adaptability in transforming traditional teaching methodologies into new strategies and modalities. This article outlines the collective efforts of the sciences and mathematics educators at the National University Philippines, and, in part, at Centro Escolar University, Manila in responding to the pressing need to innovate learning platforms and approaches during the pandemic. Moreover, this article describes the immediate effects of institutional policies and how resilience and preparedness transform challenges into opportunities. A reflection on integrating historical, social, and cultural lessons and dimensions into science and mathematics teaching to incorporate a sense of identity and to provide contextual and synchronizing examples to the concepts is also herein provided. Educators find strength in shared experiences and communal involvement during the pandemic to circumnavigate the struggles and difficulties, viewing them as opportunities and further elevating science and mathematics education using the lens of scientific, historical, and sociocultural inquiry.

To improve the quality of education, educators must be provided with updated curricular proposals, resources, and tools to optimize and develop their digital competencies regularly. This systematic literature review aims to investigate the association between frameworks, training, and diagnostic strategies used from 2017 to October 2022 to enhance the digital proficiency of secondary school educators. The PRISMA methodology guidelines were followed. From 589 documents in Scopus and after the identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion phases, an in-depth sample analysis (n=29) was performed with ATLAS.ti. The study identified DigCompEdu, DigComp and the INTEF framework as the primary sources of reference for creating of face-to-face and online training programs. Ad hoc diagnostic research and the application of established tools were predominantly led by Spain and Portugal. Three aspects stand out: a growing trend to develop digital competencies comprehensively and not only at the instrumental level; however, it is recognized that some proposals focus on the identification and improvement of specific sub-competencies. Secondly, there is a need to create permanent communication channels to update and improve the different dimensions of the digital competence of teachers through contributions, questions and experiences shared in virtual communities, not only during training. Lastly, there is the possibility of creating digital certification systems for new levels of competence with alternatives such as micro-credentials.

Silicon Carbide (SiC) abrasive machining solid particulates is one of the key engineering materials in the continuous development of wafer technology. Analysis of its packing behaviour is important to ensure the highest quality in the ingot cutting process to produce silicon PV wafers. One of the parameters that is monitored is the amount of fine particles present during the cutting operation and the subsequent separation technologies to recycle the material to reduce cost and allow environmental sustainability. This study presents results showing that with increasing circularity, less fines remain in the slurry suspension which is expressed as the percentage of total volume of particles in the slurry mixture. Furthermore, the work has gathered that there is a strong relationship between the % fines removed and the average diameter of the particles. An analysis of the relationship between the actual % fines remaining as a function of particle diameter reveals that the % fines remaining decreases as the particle diameter increases and this behavior correlates well with a power law equation. This agrees with a model of the fishhook effect during particle separation in a mini-hydrocyclone expressed as an equation raised to the fourth power.

Los reclamos de indemnización de quienes han sufrido detención preventiva legalmente ordenada y después resultan absueltos, incluyendo entre las razones de la absolución la presunción de inocencia, han generado en España y en Colombia recientes decisiones judiciales con efectos opuestos. En el primer país, como consecuencia de la Sentencia STC 85/2019, se ha generado una tendencia a una indemnización, calificada por algunos como automática. En el segundo país, por el contrario, después de la Sentencia SU 46947 de 2018 del Consejo de Estado, la tendencia a la indemnización parece reducirse. Lo cierto es que ambos extremos pueden generar problemas. Por un lado, la automatización puede conducir a restarle importancia a la teoría general de la responsabilidad y, por otro lado, la restricción puede llevar a dejar de indemnizar supuestos de daño injustos.

The current concept of grinding or abrasive machining involves the formation and removal of segmented strips of material termed chips from the surface of the solid. A novel cutting mechanism is hereby presented in this research study that suggests that the generation of chips from the surface does not occur but only a shearing process that splits material creating added surface features and textures in the silicon surface. This arises from the unique set of factors of abrasive grit size, thrust force, polishing speed, and polishing time that lead to phase transformations in the surface layers of the silicon wafers. Statistical analysis of the factor effects yielded results that show the surface roughness values, Ra and Rz, increasing without any appreciable change in the thickness of the silicon wafers. This can be attributed to the proposed cutting mechanism indicating that only in-plane surface shearing occurred due to the change of the silicon crystal structure from exhibiting brittle behavior to that of ductile mode of deformation. Moreover, experimental quantities of the specific energy for surface machining of silicon was calculated with an overall mean of 50.5 GPa. This is about 33% less than the currently accepted value and can be considered further evidence that polymorphic transitions to a softer material occurred rendering the surface layers more susceptible to longitudinal cutting deformation and fracture. A model based on the inverted spherical cap or spherical bottom geometry for the individual abrasive particle is also proposed, verified by a finite element method analysis simulation, that can mathematically describe this particular micromachining process.

In this article is analysed how is the emergence of rights in favour of people with less power in the global context probable and is explored what could be the most integral socio-legal approach to discuss this issue, related with the so-called problem of disregard. The analysis took as a case study the figure of the European Works Councils and led to the conclusion that the emergence of rights in that event was achieved through the mediation of a structure that comprises three components: (1) the declaration of a common aim or a kind of program, and (2) specialised structures that (3) perform specific functions. In the paper, this is called “program-driven and structurally mediated functions.” Although the different theoretical approaches to legal globalisation address some of the components of this structure, the theory of the International Public Authority provides a systemic vision that allows addressing the problem in a more comprehensive and articulated way.

Los Acuerdos de paz firmados en La Habana en el año 2016 incluyeron un enfoque de género vanguardista en estos procesos. Detrás de su configuración hay una intensa lucha de las protagonistas en las negociaciones, así como del Movimiento social de mujeres y feminista. A cinco años de su firma, se analizan las problemáticas en su construcción e implementación a través de diversos testimonios, tejiendo un relato que explora varias cuestiones en torno a la instrumentalización de los reclamos de género en el proceso transitorio colombiano, así como las afectaciones que ello tiene en el desarrollo interno del Feminismo.

Communications service providers (CSP) supply information, transport and passive infrastructure services that rely on the deployment of multiservice networks. To attain service cost reductions, the planning and design of those networks is essential, so that the total cost of the network ownership (TCO) is minimized. In this paper, we propose a bottom-up calculation framework for the allocation of the TCO cost components (i.e. capital and operational expenditures) to the services supplied by a CSP. For this, the framework is formulated within the context of the network life-cycle. Our method provides the level of abstraction required for the calculation of the three basic service cost contributors, namely, direct, shared and common costs. Moreover, it outlines the role of network planning in the design of an efficient network infrastucture, and in the calculation of the TCO. Based on this, we show how the stand alone, fully allocated and long-run incremental costs of a service can be calculated. Besides the determination of service cost drivers, the framework is useful to evaluate the cost-efficiency of competing technologies. To illustrate this, we study the allocation of the infrastructure costs for a CSP offering transport services with an optical network. By designing the infrastructure with fixed-grid and flex-grid technologies, it is shown that in both cases the main service cost driver is determined by the transponders installed. The results show that fixed-grid fits well for the provisioning of high speed constant bit-rate transport services, whereas flex-grid is a good candidate for transport services with bursty traffic patterns.

STEM education is established as an alternative for developing 21st century skills, with the premise of integrating its component disciplines. Although numerous studies exist on the subject, STEM teacher training programs are not widely discussed. Therefore, a systematic literature review was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science to identify the intentions of the training and the design and implementation of such teacher training programs. Among the 15 articles identified, there are three groups of intentions: Improving knowledge, developing competencies and skills, and changing attitudes and perceptions. Five methodological strategies were identified: project-based learning, problem-based learning, collaborative learning, ODR (observation/discussion/reflection) approach, and design-based learning. Disciplinary integration can be achieved through content or competencies. It is concluded that design-based learning is the most appropriate strategy for disciplinary integration. It is recommended that research be conducted to measure the impact of modality and time of training on the development of STEM competencies.