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The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Much is still unknown, but as the virus causing this disease has spread, so has misinformation and xenophobia. Unfortunately, this has followed a predictable pattern of connecting people to diseases.1 The pandemic has reinvigorated old stereotypes of Chinese people and fears of Chinese food, including the notions that they consume pets. Recently, a US senator stated that the \"Chinese virus\" originated from a \"culture where people eat bats and snakes and dogs\" (e.g., https://bit.ly/ 2yBFl0D). His statement reflects an old belief system linking race and disease. For example, Prince A. Morrow noted in 1898, \"China . . . has been the breeding-place and nursery ofpestilential diseases, cholera, plague, as well as leprosy, from time immemorial.\"2(p946) According to this belief, races are biologically distinct and, therefore, prone to specific diseases or apt to manifest them in unique ways. Such logic was used to justify the infamous Tuskegee syphilis studies and the beliefin diseases such as \"drapetomania\" (the \"illness\" of slaves escaping their masters).3 Samuel Cartwright and others published articles that espoused a belief that racial minorities were biologically and socially inferior. Left to their own devices, minorities would ultimately \"degenerate\" and die off. A major concern for the White population was that interracial marriage would cause degeneration of their race. These concerns in the United States catalyzed the popularity of eugenics, helped establish antimiscegenation laws, justified slavery, restricted immigration, and encouraged deportation.4Although medicine no longer condones such beliefs, ideas from this overtly racist period are still deeply ingrained. This includes believing that racial minorities feel less pain than Whites, sanctioning drugs such as BiDil that have been approved for only African Americans (and no other races), and using \"racial correction factors.\"5,6 Such practices perpetuate the erroneous belief that racial groups are inherently different.

According to a recent study by LaViest et al.,5 Asian Americans accounted for $11.4 billion (about 5%) of excess direct medical expenditures between 2003 and 2006, and for 0.03% ($100 million) of all indirect costs attributable to health inequalities. [...] we have a health system that serves all, we must assure that an adequate safety net exists. According to the 2000 Census, more than two thirds of all Asians and one fifth of all Pacific Islanders were foreign born,8,9 bringing forward the issues of justice and equity for our communities as related to health.

For individual family members, eligibility for health insurance programs depends on age, financial and employment status, familial relationships and dependency, and medical needs.

Good population health data are often taken for granted, and the people and organizations that gather it are often unsung heroes. For communities of color, immigrants, the LGBTQ population, and other special populations, such as the 50 ethnic and 100 language groups that make up Asian Americans (AA) and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI), generating good population -- representative data continues to be a major challenge. For AAs and NHPIs, characteristics of good population data are in-language administration and cultural adaptation of surveys, detailed collection of ethnic groups within the AA and NHPI aggregate categories, and adequate samples for reportable estimates, oversampling of smaller ethnic groups-elements that were non-existent 30 years ago. Nationally, AA and NHPI population health data today are products of the mettle, vigilance, and constant relay of data heroes representing many sectors and communities who have paved the way for all individuals to be recognized and counted.

Administered through the Alameda Alliance for Health, a local, not-forprofit managed care plan, Alliance Family Care offers subsidized coverage to families at up to 300% of the federal poverty level who have children enrolled in the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), Medicaid, or Alliance Family Care. In 2002, child immunization coverage for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) was 80%, children aged 3 to 6 years enrolled in Alliance Family Care were more likely to visit primary care providers for prevention than similarly aged children enrolled in Medi-Cal, and more than 70% of members with diabetes were screened for renal disease and monitored by means of hemoglobin A^sub 1C^ assays.

Objectives. Profound and growing disparities exist in oral health among certain US populations. We sought here to determine the prevalence of oral health complaints among Harlem adults by measures of social class, as well as their access to oral health care. Methods. A population-based survey of adults in Central Harlem was conducted from 1992 to 1994. Two questions on oral health were included: whether participants had experienced problems with their teeth or gums during the past 12 months and, if so, whether they had seen a dentist. Results. Of 50 health conditions queried about, problems with teeth or gums were the chief complaint among participants (30%). Those more likely to report oral health problems than other participants had annual household incomes of less than $9000 (36%), were unemployed (34%), and lacked health insurance (34%). The privately insured were almost twice as likely to have seen a dentist for oral health problems (87%) than were the uninsured (48%). Conclusions. There is an urgent need to provide oral health services for adults in Harlem. Integrating oral health into comprehensive primary care is one promising mechanism.

Zahn details the creation of an affordable, quality health care program for families in Alameda County. She stresses that by linking their health care program with others that are developing across the nation, they can build a connected system that will fill existing gaps and better ensure respectful health care for all.

Objectives. Profound and growing disparities exist in oral health among certain US populations. We sought here to determine the prevalence of oral health complaints among Harlem adults by measures of social class, as well as their access to oral health care. Methods. A population-based survey of adults in Central Harlem was conducted from 1992 to 1994. Two questions on oral health were included: whether participants had experienced problems with their teeth or gums during the past 12 months and, if so, whether they had seen a dentist. Results. Of 50 health conditions queried about, problems with teeth or gums were the chief complaint among participants (30%). Those more likely to report oral health problems than other participants had annual household incomes of less than $9000 (36%), were unemployed (34%), and lacked health insurance (34%). The privately insured were almost twice as likely to have seen a dentist for oral health problems (87%) than were the uninsured (48%). Conclusions. There is an urgent need to provide oral health services for adults in Harlem. Integrating oral health into comprehensive primary care is one promising mechanism.

Mental health care and substance abuse treatment are critical public health issues. Mental illness and substance abuse can affect persons of any age, race, or income level. Men of color and poor men, however, continue to experience disproportionate disparities in these areas. This document examines the issues related to access to mental health care and substance abuse treatment.