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"Roberts, Paul"
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Reflections : the piano music of Maurice Ravel
From Reflections: The Piano Music of Maurice Ravel.
Book
Assessing the Utility of Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors over a 12-Week Period in the Cuyama Valley of California
The use of low-cost air quality sensors has proliferated among non-profits and citizen scientists, due to their portability, affordability, and ease of use. Researchers are examining the sensors for their potential use in a wide range of applications, including the examination of the spatial and temporal variability of particulate matter (PM). However, few studies have quantified the performance (e.g., accuracy, precision, and reliability) of the sensors under real-world conditions. This study examined the performance of two models of PM sensors, the AirBeam and the Alphasense Optical Particle Counter (OPC-N2), over a 12-week period in the Cuyama Valley of California, where PM concentrations are impacted by wind-blown dust events and regional transport. The sensor measurements were compared with observations from two well-characterized instruments: the GRIMM 11-R optical particle counter, and the Met One beta attenuation monitor (BAM). Both sensor models demonstrated a high degree of collocated precision (R2 = 0.8–0.99), and a moderate degree of correlation against the reference instruments (R2 = 0.6–0.76). Sensor measurements were influenced by the meteorological environment and the aerosol size distribution. Quantifying the performance of sensors in real-world conditions is a requisite step to ensuring that sensors will be used in ways commensurate with their data quality.
Journal Article
Reading Franz Liszt : revealing the poetry behind the piano music
\"Paul Roberts immerses readers in the world of Franz Liszt, megastar of Romanticism, through a vivid exploration of his most beloved pieces and literature that inspired them-from Petrarch's love poetry to the sensibilities of Byron, Sénancour, and others. Roberts reveals the deeper essence of Liszt, recasting him as a composer of poetic feeling\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Structures and mechanisms of tRNA methylation by METTL1–WDR4
Specific, regulated modification of RNAs is important for proper gene expression
1
,
2
. tRNAs are rich with various chemical modifications that affect their stability and function
3
,
4
. 7-Methylguanosine (m
7
G) at tRNA position 46 is a conserved modification that modulates steady-state tRNA levels to affect cell growth
5
,
6
. The METTL1–WDR4 complex generates m
7
G46 in humans, and dysregulation of METTL1–WDR4 has been linked to brain malformation and multiple cancers
7
–
22
. Here we show how METTL1 and WDR4 cooperate to recognize RNA substrates and catalyse methylation. A crystal structure of METTL1–WDR4 and cryo-electron microscopy structures of METTL1–WDR4–tRNA show that the composite protein surface recognizes the tRNA elbow through shape complementarity. The cryo-electron microscopy structures of METTL1–WDR4–tRNA with
S
-adenosylmethionine or
S
-adenosylhomocysteine along with METTL1 crystal structures provide additional insights into the catalytic mechanism by revealing the active site in multiple states. The METTL1 N terminus couples cofactor binding with conformational changes in the tRNA, the catalytic loop and the WDR4 C terminus, acting as the switch to activate m
7
G methylation. Thus, our structural models explain how post-translational modifications of the METTL1 N terminus can regulate methylation. Together, our work elucidates the core and regulatory mechanisms underlying m
7
G modification by METTL1, providing the framework to understand its contribution to biology and disease.
Using cryo-electron microscopy, structural and mechanistic insights into how the METTL1–WDR4 complex catalyses methylation of tRNAs are shown.
Journal Article
Ancient Rome in fifty monuments
\"A sweeping new history of the city of Rome, told through its emperors and the monuments they built to make their mark on one of the great capitals of the classical world. 'What is worse than Nero? What is better than Nero's Baths?' - so wrote the poet Martial in the first century AD, demonstrating the power that buildings have on public consciousness. In ancient Rome, who built a monument and why mattered as much as its physical structure. Over centuries and under many different emperors, a small village in Italy was transformed into the crowning glory of an empire. Seeking out the personalities behind the great building projects is key to understanding them. With this firmly in mind, Paul Roberts takes the reader on a tour of ancient Rome, vividly evoking the sights and sounds of the city: from the roar of the crowds at the Circus Maximus and the Colosseum, to the dazzling gleam of the marble- and mosaic-covered baths of Caracalla and Diocletian. He tells this story emperor by emperor, drawing out the political, social and cultural backdrop to the monuments and ultimately the very human motivations that gave rise to their construction - and destruction. These fascinating buildings are further brought to life with reconstructions that show how the ancients themselves would have experienced them. When and why were these monuments built? What did they add to the lives of the people who used them? What impact did they have on the shape of the city? Roberts expertly weaves together the latest archaeological research with social and cultural history, to tell the story of the Eternal City, always in some way rising, falling and being rebuilt\"--Publisher's description.
Book
A swarm of autonomous miniature underwater robot drifters for exploring submesoscale ocean dynamics
Measuring the ever-changing 3-dimensional (3D) motions of the ocean requires simultaneous sampling at multiple locations. In particular, sampling the complex, nonlinear dynamics associated with submesoscales (<1–10 km) requires new technologies and approaches. Here we introduce the Mini-Autonomous Underwater Explorer (M-AUE), deployed as a swarm of 16 independent vehicles whose 3D trajectories are measured near-continuously, underwater. As the vehicles drift with the ambient flow or execute preprogrammed vertical behaviours, the simultaneous measurements at multiple, known locations resolve the details of the flow within the swarm. We describe the design, construction, control and underwater navigation of the M-AUE. A field programme in the coastal ocean using a swarm of these robots programmed with a depth-holding behaviour provides a unique test of a physical–biological interaction leading to plankton patch formation in internal waves. The performance of the M-AUE vehicles illustrates their novel capability for measuring submesoscale dynamics.
Observing dynamics associated with oceanic submesoscales requires simultaneous sampling at multiple locations. Here, the authors show that a swarm of 16 Mini-Autonomous Underwater Explorers (M-AUEs), whose 3D trajectories are measured near-continuously, can resolve features of the flow at these scales.
Journal Article
Antibody Persistence through 6 Months after the Second Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine for Covid-19
A total of 33 participants who received both doses of the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 had blood drawn over a period of 6 months after vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity was maintained in all the patients through the entire period of follow-up. A half-life of 202 days was determined for the live-virus neutralization activity.
Journal Article
The Dunderheads behind bars
The Dunderheads--a gang of misfits with unique and unusual talents--come to the aid of one of their own when Spider is falsely arrested for stealing jewelry.
Book
Advice to a Young Mathematical Biologist
This paper offers advice to early-mid career researchers in Mathematical Biology from ten past and current Presidents of the Society for Mathematical Biology. The topics covered include deciding if a career in academia is right for you; finding and working with a mentor; building collaborations and working with those from other disciplines; formulating a research question; writing a paper; reviewing papers; networking; writing fellowship or grant proposals; applying for faculty positions; and preparing and giving lectures. While written with mathematical biologists in mind, it is hoped that this paper will be of use to early and mid career researchers across the mathematical, physical and life sciences, as they embark on careers in these disciplines.
Journal Article