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"Rogers, Robert"
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Convective-Scale Structure and Evolution during a High-Resolution Simulation of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification
The role of convective-scale processes in a 1.67-km mesoscale model simulation of the rapid intensification (RI) of Hurricane Dennis (2005) is presented. The structure and evolution of inner-core precipitating areas during RI, the statistical properties of precipitation during times experiencing vigorous convection (termed convective bursts here) and how they differ from nonburst times, possible differences in convective bursts associated with RI and those not associated with RI, and the impacts of precipitation morphology on the vortex-scale structure and evolution during RI are all examined. The onset of RI is linked to an increase in the areal extent of convective precipitation in the inner core, while the inner-core stratiform precipitating area remains unchanged and the intensity increases only after RI has begun. RI is not tied to a dramatic increase in the number of convective bursts nor in the characteristics of the bursts, such as burst intensity. Rather, the immediate cause of RI is a significant increase in updraft mass flux, particularly in the lowest 1.5 km. This increase in updraft mass flux is accomplished primarily by updrafts on the order of 1–2 m s−1, representing the bulk of the vertical motion distribution. However, a period of enhanced updraft mass flux in the midlevels by moderate to strong (>5 m s−1) updrafts located inside the radius of maximum winds occurs ∼6 h prior to RI, indicating a synergistic relationship between convective bursts and the background secondary circulation prior to RI. This result supports the assertion that both buoyantly driven updrafts and slantwise near-neutral ascent are important features in eyewall structure, evolution, and intensification, including RI.
Journal Article
Learning through practice : Rogers Partners, Architects + Urban Designers
Learning Through Practice demonstrates how architects learn by practicing and by designing ... not just by solving problems, but by changing the problems themselves. For 30 years, architect Rob Rogers has explored the edges of architecture and the places between various disciplines: the spaces where architecture, landscapes and the civic realm converge. Designing in cities around the country, his firm, Rogers Partners Architects+Urban Designers, creates work that is built on solid research, analysis, discovery, and shared experience. Through the various lenses of sixteen different projects, analyzed in twenty-two case studies, Learning Through Practice explores ideas fundamental to Rogers' practice of architecture. With contributing editor, Isabelle Moutaud, Rogers deftly navigates the reader through six principles that have guided his approach to designing engaging 21st-century environments: the impact of small things, delight, authenticity, what you don't see, open spaces, and the impact of big things. A premise on 21st-century architectural practice, Rogers unfolds, layer by layer, the architectural and civic projects based on these principles. Featured projects include a park and pavilion on the National Mall; a corporate campus in downtown Oklahoma City, OK; the Ellipse south of the White House; an open space in Cody, WY; redesigned streetscapes in New York City's Financial District and along the Hudson River; a temporary art museum in Kowloon, Hong Kong; a cogenerative power plant in Syracuse, NY; and many more.
Book
Gambling and public health: we need policy action to prevent harm
Prevention of harms related to gambling requires investment in population based approaches, say Heather Wardle and colleagues
Journal Article
The Roles of Dopamine and Serotonin in Decision Making: Evidence from Pharmacological Experiments in Humans
Neurophysiological experiments in primates, alongside neuropsychological and functional magnetic resonance investigations in humans, have significantly enhanced our understanding of the neural architecture of decision making. In this review, I consider the more limited database of experiments that have investigated how dopamine and serotonin activity influences the choices of human adults. These include those experiments that have involved the administration of drugs to healthy controls, experiments that have tested genotypic influences upon dopamine and serotonin function, and, finally, some of those experiments that have examined the effects of drugs on the decision making of clinical samples. Pharmacological experiments in humans are few in number and face considerable methodological challenges in terms of drug specificity, uncertainties about pre-
vs
post-synaptic modes of action, and interactions with baseline cognitive performance. However, the available data are broadly consistent with current computational models of dopamine function in decision making and highlight the dissociable roles of dopamine receptor systems in the learning about outcomes that underpins value-based decision making. Moreover, genotypic influences on (interacting) prefrontal and striatal dopamine activity are associated with changes in choice behavior that might be relevant to understanding exploratory behaviors and vulnerability to addictive disorders. Manipulations of serotonin in laboratory tests of decision making in human participants have provided less consistent results, but the information gathered to date indicates a role for serotonin in learning about bad decision outcomes, non-normative aspects of risk-seeking behavior, and social choices involving affiliation and notions of fairness. Finally, I suggest that the role played by serotonin in the regulation of cognitive biases, and representation of context in learning, point toward a role in the cortically mediated cognitive appraisal of reinforcers when selecting between actions, potentially accounting for its influence upon the processing salient aversive outcomes and social choice.
Journal Article
لقاء في القرية العالمية = An encounter in the global village : قصص مختارة من المؤتمر الدولي الرابع عشر للقصة القصيرة
هذا الكتاب يحتوي على قصص مختارة من المؤتمر الدولي الرابع عشر للقصة القصيرة وهذا اللقاء الذي نظم من قبل جمعية دراسة القصص القصيرة الإنجليزية (أس أس أس أس إي) وهي جمعية عالمية أنشئت في الولايات المتحدة عام 1992 وينعقد كل عامين ويعتبر اللقاء العالمي الوحيد الذي يركز بشكل خاص على دراسات القصة القصيرة أما القصص المشاركة في اللقاء فهي مكتوبة من قبل 29 كاتبا ينتمون إلى عشرة دول هي الصين وتايوان والهند والولايات المتحدة وكندا ونيوزلندا وفرنسا وإيرلندا والنمسا وسنغافورا وجامايكا.
BOOK
Effects of Parameterized Boundary Layer Structure on Hurricane Rapid Intensification in Shear
This study investigates the role of the parameterized boundary layer structure in hurricane intensity change using two retrospective HWRF forecasts of Hurricane Earl (2010) in which the vertical eddy diffusivity Km was modified during physics upgrades. Earl undergoes rapid intensification (RI) in the low-Km forecast as observed in nature, while it weakens briefly before resuming a slow intensification at the RI onset in the high-Km forecast. Angular momentum budget analysis suggests that Km modulates the convergence of angular momentum in the boundary layer, which is a key component of the hurricane spinup dynamics. Reducing Km in the boundary layer causes enhancement of both the inflow and convergence, which in turn leads to stronger and more symmetric deep convection in the low-Km forecast than in the high-Km forecast. The deeper and stronger hurricane vortex with lower static stability in the low-Km forecast is more resilient to shear than that in the high-Km forecast. With a smaller vortex tilt in the low-Km forecast, downdrafts associated with the vortex tilt are reduced, bringing less low-entropy air from the midlevels to the boundary layer, resulting in a less stable boundary layer. Future physics upgrades in operational hurricane models should consider this chain of multiscale interactions to assess their impact on model RI forecasts.
Journal Article
Hypoxia extends lifespan and neurological function in a mouse model of aging
There is widespread interest in identifying interventions that extend healthy lifespan. Chronic continuous hypoxia delays the onset of replicative senescence in cultured cells and extends lifespan in yeast, nematodes, and fruit flies. Here, we asked whether chronic continuous hypoxia is beneficial in mammalian aging. We utilized the
Ercc1 Δ/-
mouse model of accelerated aging given that these mice are born developmentally normal but exhibit anatomic, physiological, and biochemical features of aging across multiple organs. Importantly, they exhibit a shortened lifespan that is extended by dietary restriction, the most potent aging intervention across many organisms. We report that chronic continuous 11% oxygen commenced at 4 weeks of age extends lifespan by 50% and delays the onset of neurological debility in
Ercc1 Δ/-
mice. Chronic continuous hypoxia did not impact food intake and did not significantly affect markers of DNA damage or senescence, suggesting that hypoxia did not simply alleviate the proximal effects of the
Ercc1
mutation, but rather acted downstream via unknown mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that “oxygen restriction” can extend lifespan in a mammalian model of aging.
Journal Article
Airborne Doppler Observations of the Inner-Core Structural Differences between Intensifying and Steady-State Tropical Cyclones
Differences in the inner-core structure of intensifying [IN; intensity increase of at least 20 kt (24 h)−1, where 1 kt = 0.51 m s−1] and steady-state [SS; intensity remaining between ±10 kt (24 h)−1] tropical cyclones (TCs) are examined using composites of airborne Doppler observations collected from NOAA P-3 aircraft missions. The IN dataset contains 40 eyewall passes from 14 separate missions, while the SS dataset contains 53 eyewall passes from 14 separate missions. Intensifying TCs have a ringlike vorticity structure inside the radius of maximum wind (RMW); lower vorticity in the outer core; a deeper, stronger inflow layer; and stronger axisymmetric eyewall upward motion compared with steady-state TCs. There is little difference in the vortex tilt between 2 and 7 km, and both IN and SS TCs show an eyewall precipitation and updraft asymmetry whose maxima are located in the downshear and downshear-left region. The azimuthal coverage of eyewall and outer-core precipitation is greater for IN TCs. There is little difference in the distribution of downdrafts and weak to moderate updrafts in the eyewall. The primary difference is seen at the high end of the vertical velocity spectrum, where IN TCs have a larger number of convective bursts. These bursts accomplish more vertical mass flux, but they compose such a small portion of the total vertical velocity distribution that there is little difference in the shape of the net mass flux profile. The radial location of convective bursts for IN TCs is preferentially located inside the RMW, where the axisymmetric vorticity is generally higher, whereas for SS TCs the bursts are located outside the RMW.
Journal Article