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Immune and Inflammatory Cells in Thyroid Cancer Microenvironment
A hallmark of cancer is the ability of tumor cells to avoid immune destruction. Activated immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines which foster the proliferation of tumor cells. Specific antigens expressed by cancer cells are recognized by the main actors of immune response that are involved in their elimination (immunosurveillance). By the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, decreasing the tumor immunogenicity, or through other immunosuppressive mechanisms, tumors can impair the host immune cells within the TME and escape their surveillance. Within the TME, cells of the innate (e.g., macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils) and the adaptive (e.g., lymphocytes) immune responses are interconnected with epithelial cancer cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells via cytokines, chemokines, and adipocytokines. The molecular pattern of cytokines and chemokines has a key role and could explain the involvement of the immune system in tumor initiation and progression. Thyroid cancer-related inflammation is an important target for diagnostic procedures and novel therapeutic strategies. Anticancer immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, unleashes the immune system and activates cytotoxic lymphocytes to kill cancer cells. A better knowledge of the molecular and immunological characteristics of TME will allow novel and more effective immunotherapeutic strategies in advanced thyroid cancer.
Journal Article
Fireborne
\"Two dragonriders must go head-to-head for the top position in the Callipolan fleet, and protect the new regime from those who lost power\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Microplastics: A Threat for Male Fertility
Much of the planet is swimming in discarded plastic, which is harming animal and possibly human health. Once at sea, sunlight, wind, and wave action break down plastic waste into small particles: the microplastics (MPs). Currently, particular attention has been drawn to their effects on aquatic environments but the health risks, especially in mammals, are poorly known. These non-biodegradable materials can act as a vector for environmental pollutants, can be ingested by humans in food and water, and can enter and accumulate in human tissues with a possible risk for heath. Recent studies revealed the deleterious effects of MPs exposure in male reproduction and sperm quality, making them a potential hazard to reproductive success. This manuscript summarizes the main changes in sperm quality along the lifespan and the upcoming studies on the effects of MPs in male fertility in mammals.
Journal Article
Endocannabinoid System in Health and Disease: Current Situation and Future Perspectives
ECS controls many basic biological processes, and exerts its activity in the nervous system and in peripheral tissues, with direct involvement in synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection, pain control, mood and behavior, learning and memory, stress response, reproduction, fertility and pregnancy, food intake and energy balance, immune response, cancer progression, and much more [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. [...]the need to fully elucidate the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms related to ECS activity. In this respect, the gut–brainaxis represents a key regulator of the hypothalamic neuronal networks related to food-sensing and appetite. [...]the review article by Forte et al. summarizes the emerging role of an \"expanded ECS\", or endocannabinoidome (eCBome), encompassing endocannabinoid-like mediators in the modulation of the communication between microbiota and gut–brainaxis, with consequences on host metabolism and a critical role in obesity onset [20]. [...]the Editor hopes this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences may be useful for basic and clinical scientists working in the field, and deeply thanks all the authors who contributed with excellent works, and the reviewers engaged for the peer-review process. 1.
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Molecular Advances on Cannabinoid and Endocannabinoid Research
Since ancient times, cannabis has been used for recreational and medical purposes [...]
Journal Article
Industry 4.0 and sustainability: the case of the Italian textile district of Prato
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the twin transition of textile firms operating in an industrial district. The twin transition comprises two interconnected but distinct processes: the sustainable transition and the digital transition. The study specifically considers sustainability goals in terms of the triple bottom line and digitalization as the adoption of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies. The study aims to understand how the characteristics of Italian districts influence the choices related to the twin transition and how it affects textile industrial firms.
Design/methodology/approach
The author conducts a multiple-case study involving five firms of industrial textile district of Prato.
Findings
The results show the relationship between the characteristics of the district, such as fragmentation of the supply chain, lean manufacturing, territorial proximity and attachment to origins and traditions and the sustainable goals and I4.0 technologies adoption. Moreover, the study proposes a framework for twin transition. Market and technology drive the process in which sustainability represents the aim, I4.0 serves as enablers and the relevant outcome is the implementation of the business model innovation.
Practical implications
These findings offer valuable insights for textile firms, policymakers and stakeholders seeking to navigate the complexities of twin transition.
Originality/value
The study contributes to the broader topic of twin transition. In particular, it links the particular context represented by the industrial district in which the textile firms operate to their conduct, and the two interconnected and distinct processes, sustainable transition and digital transition, with the business model innovation topic.
Journal Article
Molecular Research on Reproductive Toxicity
Fertility rates in animals have shown a progressive decrease in recent decades, and reproductive toxicity is considered an important regulatory endpoint in health hazard assessment [...].Fertility rates in animals have shown a progressive decrease in recent decades, and reproductive toxicity is considered an important regulatory endpoint in health hazard assessment [...].
Journal Article
Can Allostery Be a Key Strategy for Targeting PTP1B in Drug Discovery? A Lesson from Trodusquemine
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is an enzyme crucially implicated in aberrations of various signaling pathways that underlie the development of different human pathologies, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Its inhibition can prevent these pathogenetic events, thus providing a useful tool for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. The search for allosteric PTP1B inhibitors can represent a successful strategy to identify drug-like candidates by offering the opportunity to overcome some issues related to catalytic site-directed inhibitors, which have so far hampered the development of drugs targeting this enzyme. In this context, trodusquemine (MSI-1436), a natural aminosterol that acts as a non-competitive PTP1B inhibitor, appears to be a milestone. Initially discovered as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, trodusquemine exhibited a variety of unexpected properties, ranging from antidiabetic and anti-obesity activities to effects useful to counteract cancer and neurodegeneration, which prompted its evaluation in several preclinical and clinical studies. In this review article, we provide an overview of the main findings regarding the activities and therapeutic potential of trodusquemine and their correlation with PTP1B inhibition. We also included some aminosterol analogues and related structure–activity relationships that could be useful for further studies aimed at the discovery of new allosteric PTP1B inhibitors.
Journal Article
Central and Local Modulators of Reproduction and Fertility: An Update
According to the World Health Organization, “Infertility affects millions of people of reproductive age worldwide—and has an impact on their families and communities. [...]the need to broaden the knowledge on the modulators of reproduction and fertility in both sexes, in order to expand the plethora of possible markers and therapeutic targets in the clinical setting. Non-genomic and genomic pathways of oestrogen signalling, and molecular mechanisms occurring through the alteration of mitogen-activated protein kinase and SRY-box transcription factor 9 in somatic cells have been reported; both are responsible for cell fate decision, the suppression of testis genes and the activation of ovarian genes. [...]there is a need for additional studies in the intratesticular characterisation of this deacethylase.
Journal Article