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People with intellectual disability (ID) are often subject to motor impairments such as altered gait. As gait is a task involving motor and perceptive dimensions, perceptual-motor training is an efficient rehabilitation approach to reduce the risk of falls which grows with age. Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality are recent tools which enable interaction with 3D elements at different levels of immersion and interaction. In view of the countless possibilities that this opens, their use for therapeutic purposes is constantly increasing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence a mixed reality activity could have on motor and cognitive abilities in eighteen adults with intellectual disability. For three months, once a week, they had around 20 min to pop virtual balloons with a finger using a Microsoft HoloLens2® head-mounted mixed-reality device. Motor skills were assessed through gait analysis and cognitive abilities were measured with the Montréal Cognitive Assessment. Both walking speed and cognitive score increased after training. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that mixed reality holds potential to get used for therapeutic purposes in adults with ID.

As space exploration missions move from low orbit to distant destinations, including the Moon and Mars, new psychological, behavioral, and team challenges will arise. This manuscript represents an up-to-date white paper developed by European experts invited by the European Space Agency (ESA), mapping unfilled research gaps related to the psychology of space exploration, considering the incoming human missions, and accounting for the available scientific knowledge. ESA created the expert team and facilitated its work, but the team was completely independent in terms of contents. The white paper considers basic issues of adaptation, pre-, during-, and post-mission experiences, and possible countermeasures to be developed and tested. The resulting integrative map provides a guide for researchers that are interested in conducting research in the support of future space exploration endeavors.

The present research investigated whether assessing adolescent elite athletes’ motivational profiles at the beginning of the season would allow us to predict their subsequent performance over the course of a competitive season. In two studies, athletes completed the French version of the Sport Motivation Scale (Brière et al., Int J Sport Psychol 26:465–489, 1995 ) at the beginning of the season. Objective levels of performance were recorded for the following season, as well as for the season prior to questionnaire completion. In Study 1, the sample comprised a total of 170 French junior national tennis players ( M  = 13.42 years). Results revealed the presence of a four-cluster solution, reflecting different levels of autonomous and controlled motivations. Results revealed that controlling for past performance, athletes with the least self-determined motivational profile obtained lower levels of subsequent tennis performance than those in the three other (more self-determined motivational) clusters. In Study 2, there were a total of 250 French junior national fencers aged 15 years. Results revealed a three-cluster solution very similar to that of Study 1. In addition, in line with Study 1, results revealed that the least self-determined motivational profile led to the lowest level of performance. Overall, these findings suggest that cluster analysis is useful in the understanding of the complex relationship between motivation and performance in elite sport.

Astronauts in microgravity experience multi-system deconditioning, impacting their inflight efficiency and inducing dysfunctions upon return to Earth gravity. To fill the sex gap of knowledge in the health impact of spaceflights, we simulate microgravity with a 5-day dry immersion in 18 healthy women (Clin-icalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05043974). Here we show that dry immersion rapidly induces a sedentarily-like metabolism shift mimicking the beginning of a metabolic syndrome with a drop in glucose tolerance, an increase in the atherogenic index of plasma, and an impaired lipid profile. Bone remodeling markers suggest a decreased bone formation coupled with an increased bone resorption. Fluid shifts and muscular unloading participate to a marked cardiovascular and sensorimotor deconditioning with decreased orthostatic tolerance, aerobic capacity, and postural balance. Collected datasets provide a comprehensive multi-systemic assessment of dry immersion effects in women and pave the way for future sex-based evaluations of countermeasures.

Les trois études présentées concernent le développement et la validation d'un questionnaire permettant de mesurer les perceptions de compétence, d'autonomie et d'appartenance sociale en contexte sportif. E. L. Deci et R. M. Ryan (1985) postulent que le comportement intrinsèquement motivé est associé à la satisfaction des besoins fondamentaux d'autonomie, de compétence et d'appartenance sociale. Les analyses factorielles exploratoire (Étude 1) et confirmatoire (Étude 2) ont été réalisées chez des sportifs français. Les résultats obtenus attestent d'une consistance interne satisfaisante et confirment la structure tridimensionnelle de cet outil. De plus, la validité de construit de cette échelle de mesure a également été confirmée (Étude 3). Les résultats de cette troisième étude ont montré que les perceptions de compétence, d'autonomie et d'appartenance sociale étaient positivement associées à la motivation intrinsèque chez les sportifs. The purpose of the present three studies was to develop and validate a questionnaire designed to measure perceptions of competence, autonomy, and relatedness in the sport context. Deci and Ryan (1985) postulate that the intrinsic motivated behaviour is associated with the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Exploratory (Study 1) and confirmatory analyses (Study 2) were conducted amongst French athletes. These studies demonstrated an acceptable internal consistency and confirmed the three-factor structure of the questionnaire. In addition, the construct validity of the scale was also corroborated in Study 3 where perceptions of competence, autonomy, and relatedness were found to predict the different types of sport motivation.

Les trois études présentées concernent le développement et la validation d'un questionnaire permettant de mesurer les perceptions de compétence, d'autonomie et d'appartenance sociale en contexte sportif. E. L. Deci et R. M. Ryan (1985) postulent que le comportement intrinsèquement motivé est associé à la satisfaction des besoins fondamentaux d'autonomie, de compétence et d'appartenance sociale. Les analyses factorielles exploratoire (Étude 1) et confirmatoire (Étude 2) ont été réalisées chez des sportifs français. Les résultats obtenus attestent d'une consistance interne satisfaisante et confirment la structure tridimensionnelle de cet outil. De plus, la validité de construit de cette échelle de mesure a également été confirmée (Étude 3). Les résultats de cette troisième étude ont montré que les perceptions de compétence, d'autonomie et d'appartenance sociale étaient positivement associées à la motivation intrinsèque chez les sportifs. The purpose of the present three studies was to develop and validate a questionnaire designed to measure perceptions of competence, autonomy, and relatedness in the sport context. Deci and Ryan (1985) postulate that the intrinsic motivated behaviour is associated with the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Exploratory (Study 1) and confirmatory analyses (Study 2) were conducted amongst French athletes. These studies demonstrated an acceptable internal consistency and confirmed the three-factor structure of the questionnaire. In addition, the construct validity of the scale was also corroborated in Study 3 where perceptions of competence, autonomy, and relatedness were found to predict the different types of sport motivation.

Cet article fait suite à une précédente publication sur les outils de mesure du stress professionnel : l’observation, l’interview, le questionnaire. Par une présentation concrète, ce sont ici les différentes méthodologies de mesure du stress professionnel, avec leurs avantages et inconvénients qui seront abordées. L’objet de cet article est de fournir des critères de choix pragmatiques aux lecteurs désireux d’aller plus avant dans la mesure de ce phénomène. Après avoir exposé les dimensions conceptuelles du stress professionnel avec leurs problématiques de mesure, nous aborderons trois approches opérationnelles de cette évaluation. Enfin, dans une dernière partie nous présenterons une version française d’un outil de mesure composite du stress. Occupational stress : different assessment methodologies In a previous article we presented the stress assessment tools : observation, interviews and questionnaires. In this article, the factual presentation of various methodologies in professional stress measurement, together with their respective advantages and disadvantages, serves the purpose of providing readers, eager to further pursue the measurement of this phenomenon, with pragmatic choice criteria. After detailing the conceptual facets of professional stress and related measurement issues, we will examine three operational approaches to this evaluation. Finally, in the last section, we shall present the French version of a composite stress measurement tool.

Oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDS) gather rare genetic disorders characterized by facial, oral and digital abnormalities associated with a wide range of additional features (polycystic kidney disease, cerebral malformations and several others) to delineate a growing list of OFD subtypes. The most frequent, OFD type I, is caused by a heterozygous mutation in the OFD1 gene encoding a centrosomal protein. The wide clinical heterogeneity of OFDS suggests the involvement of other ciliary genes. For 15 years, we have aimed to identify the molecular bases of OFDS. This effort has been greatly helped by the recent development of whole exome sequencing (WES). Here, we present all our published and unpublished results for WES in 24 OFDS cases. We identified causal variants in five new genes (C2CD3, TMEM107, INTU, KIAA0753, IFT57) and related the clinical spectrum of four genes in other ciliopathies (C5orf42, TMEM138, TMEM231, WDPCP) to OFDS. Mutations were also detected in two genes previously implicated in OFDS. Functional studies revealed the involvement of centriole elongation, transition zone and intraflagellar transport defects in OFDS, thus characterizing three ciliary protein modules: the complex KIAA0753-FOPNL-OFD1, a regulator of centriole elongation; the MKS module, a major component of the transition zone; and the CPLANE complex necessary for IFT-A assembly. OFDS now appear to be a distinct subgroup of ciliopathies with wide heterogeneity, which makes the initial classification obsolete. A clinical classification restricted to the three frequent/well-delineated subtypes could be proposed, and for patients who do not fit one of these 3 main subtypes, a further classification could be based on the genotype.

Oral–facial–digital syndromes (OFDS) gather rare genetic disorders characterised by facial, oral and digital abnormalities associated with a wide range of additional features (polycystic kidney disease, cerebral malformations and several others) to delineate a growing list of OFDS subtypes. The most frequent, OFD type I, is caused by a heterozygous mutation in the OFD1 gene encoding a centrosomal protein. The wide clinical heterogeneity of OFDS suggests the involvement of other ciliary genes. For 15 years, we have aimed to identify the molecular bases of OFDS. This effort has been greatly helped by the recent development of whole-exome sequencing (WES). Here, we present all our published and unpublished results for WES in 24 cases with OFDS. We identified causal variants in five new genes (C2CD3, TMEM107, INTU, KIAA0753 and IFT57) and related the clinical spectrum of four genes in other ciliopathies (C5orf42, TMEM138, TMEM231 and WDPCP) to OFDS. Mutations were also detected in two genes previously implicated in OFDS. Functional studies revealed the involvement of centriole elongation, transition zone and intraflagellar transport defects in OFDS, thus characterising three ciliary protein modules: the complex KIAA0753-FOPNL-OFD1, a regulator of centriole elongation; the Meckel-Gruber syndrome module, a major component of the transition zone; and the CPLANE complex necessary for IFT-A assembly. OFDS now appear to be a distinct subgroup of ciliopathies with wide heterogeneity, which makes the initial classification obsolete. A clinical classification restricted to the three frequent/well-delineated subtypes could be proposed, and for patients who do not fit one of these three main subtypes, a further classification could be based on the genotype.