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Coffee contains more than 800 compounds known to have an impact on human health. The purpose of this study is to investigate how ground dark or green coffee or extracted coffee bean affects the serum lipid profile and other related parameters. Sixty eight Sprague Dawely rats were divided into 8 groups (n=8) as follows: Group 1: Negative control group (NC) was fed on basal diet during the experimental period. Group 2: Positive control group (PC), rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet solely. Group 3: Rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containing 5% ground dark coffee beans. Group 4: Rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containing 10% ground dark coffee beans. Group 5: Rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet with lower oral standard dose of dark coffee extracted beans (50 ml/ kg diet). Group 6: Rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet with the higher oral standard dose of dark coffee extracted beans (100 ml/ kg diet). Group 7: Rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containing 5% ground green coffee beans. Group 8: Rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containing 10% ground green coffee beans. It can be noticed that both dark or green ground coffee and extracts improved lipid profile, where decreased the total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triacylglycerol, however, increased HDL-C when compared to positive control group. Also they lowered the concentration of both uric acid and urea compared to positive control group. These findings indicated to the effect of consumption of coffee to improve lipid profile. To highlight our findings related to other research work we may find that the most research papers reported different doses of dark and green coffee or their extracts, different experimental animals and different sample size. Further studies are needed to include clinical trials.

The most important uses of old fabrics include clothing, mummification, and bookbinding. However, because they are predominantly constructed of natural materials, they are particularly susceptible to physical and chemical deterioration brought on by fungi. The treatments that are typically used to preserve old textiles focus on the use of synthetic fungicides, which have the potential to be dangerous for both human health and the environment. Essential oils (EOs), which are safe for the environment and have no negative effects on human health, have been widely advocated as an alternative to conventional antifungals. Four natural fabrics—linen, cotton, wool, and silk—were utilized in the current work. The extracted EO from leaves of river red gum ( Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) were prepared at 125, 250, and 500 µL/L. Aspergillus flavus , Fusarium culmorum and Aspergillus niger were inoculated separately into the treated four fabrics with the EO at concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 µL/L or the main compounds (spathulenol and eucalyptol) at the concentrations of 6, 12, 25, and 50 µL/L and were then compared to the un-treated samples. GC–MS was used to analyze the EO chemical composition, while visual observations and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) were used to study the fungal growth inhibition. Spathulenol (26.56%), eucalyptol (14.91%), and p -cymene (12.40%) were the principal chemical components found in E. camaldulensis EO by GC–MS. Spathulenol molecule displayed the highest electrostatic potential (ESP) compared with the other primary compound, as calculated by quantum mechanics. In the untreated textile samples, SEM analysis revealed substantial proliferation of hyphae from A. flavus , F. culmorum , and A. niger . The fungal growth was completely inhibited at a concentration of 500 µL/L from the EO. Both eucalyptol and spathulenol completely inhibited the formation of the fungal spores at a concentration of 50 µL/L, although eucalyptol was more effective than spathulenol across the board for all four textiles. The results support E. camaldulensis EO functionalized textiles as an effective active antifungal agent.

The effect of melatonin (MT) on potato plants under drought stress is still unclear in the available literature. Here, we studied the effect of MT as a foliar application at 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mM on potato plants grown under well-watered and drought stressed conditions during the most critical period of early tuberization stage. The results indicated that under drought stress conditions, exogenous MT significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl; a, b and a + b), leaf relative water content (RWC), free amino acids (FAA), non-reducing sugars, total soluble sugars, cell membrane stability index, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) compared to the untreated plants. Meanwhile, carotenoids, proline, methylglyoxal (MG), H2O2, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were significantly decreased compared to the untreated plants. These responses may reveal the protective role of MT against drought induced carbonyl/oxidative stress and enhancing the antioxidative defense systems. Furthermore, tuber yield was differentially responded to MT treatments under well-watered and drought stressed conditions. Since, applied-MT led to an obvious decrease in tuber yield under well-watered conditions. In contrast, under drought conditions, tuber yield was substantially increased by MT-treatments up to 0.1 mM. These results may imply that under water deficiency, MT can regulate the tuberization process in potato plants by hindering ABA transport from the root to shoot system, on the one hand, and by increasing the non-reducing sugars on the other hand.

In the present study, Melia azedarach wood samples that were treated with the methanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca L. peels were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Dickeya solani, Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas cichorii, Serratia pylmuthica, Fusarium culmorum, and Rhizoctonia solani. The strongest antibacterial activity was only found against A. tumefaciens (inhibition zone 90 mm), while the other bacterial strains showed resistance to wood that was treated with the extract. Potential antifungal activity against F. culmorum and R. solani was observed; the mycelial growth inhibition percentages reached 68.88% and 94.07%, respectively, in wood samples that were treated with the 3% methanolic extract of M. paradisiaca peel. HPLC analysis demonstrated the presence of seven phenolic compounds and three flavonoid compounds, as their peaks were matched with the standard compounds in a HPLC analysis. The major constituents of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in mg/100 g dry extract (DE) were ellagic acid (16.19), gallic acid (7.73), rutin (973.08), myricetin (11.52), and naringenin (8.47). The results demonstrated the potential e ects of banana peel extract as a natural compound that can protect wood from molds while in use.

Calcareous soils, characterized by high pH and low nutrient availability, pose significant challenges to sustainable sugar beet production. Combining organic soil amendments with advanced nano-fertilizers may offer a synergistic strategy to enhance crop productivity and quality in such marginal environments. A 2-year field study (2022/2023 and 2023/2024) was conducted using a split-plot design to evaluate the effects of three compost rates (0, 3, and 6 tons acre −1 ) and five foliar nano-micronutrient combinations (control, Fe + Mn, Fe + B, Mn + B, Fe + Mn+B applied at 100 mg L −1 each). Growth, physiological, yield, and technological quality parameters of sugar beet were analyzed. The integrated application of 6 tons compost acre −1 and the nano Fe + Mn+B mixture resulted in powerful synergistic effects, consistently outperforming all other treatments. This optimal combination maximized photosynthetic pigments (e.g., increased chlorophyll a by 27%), boosted antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase by 29%, peroxidase by 42%), and enhanced growth parameters, leading to a 55% greater leaf area index. Consequently, it achieved the highest sucrose content (up to 19.85%), extracted sugar percentage (17.25%), root yield (27.12 tons acre −1 ), and sugar yield (4.68 tons acre −1 ), representing yield increases of 28–32% and 63–69%, respectively, over the compost-only control. For optimal sugar beet productivity in calcareous soils, an integrated management approach is recommended, consisting of soil amendment with 6 tons of compost per acre supplemented by foliar application of a combined nano-iron, manganese, and boron mixture. This strategy effectively enhances soil health, plant physiological performance, and ultimately, sugar yield and quality, providing a sustainable pathway for cultivation in nutrient-deficient calcareous environments.

Over the last decade, biomedical nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable biological properties and diverse applications in biomedicine. Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly notable for their wide range of medicinal uses, including antibacterial, anticancer, biosensing, cell imaging, and drug/gene delivery. Among these, zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs stand out for their versatility and effectiveness. Recently, ZnO NPs have become a primary material in various sectors, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, antimicrobials, construction, textile, and automotive industries. ZnO NPs can generate reactive oxygen species and induce cellular apoptosis, thus underpinning their potent anticancer and antibacterial properties. To meet the growing demand, numerous synthetic approaches have been developed to produce ZnO NPs. However, traditional manufacturing processes often involve significant economic and environmental costs, prompting a search for more sustainable alternatives. Intriguingly, biological synthesis methods utilizing plants, plant extracts, or microorganisms have emerged as ideal for producing ZnO NPs. These green production techniques offer numerous medicinal, economic, environmental, and health benefits. This review highlights the latest advancements in the green synthesis of ZnO NPs and their biomedical applications, showcasing their potential to revolutionize the field with eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions.

This study introduces an innovative approach to repurposing agricultural pest snails as effective adsorbents for heavy metal removal, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for wastewater treatment. The recovery of metal ions such as lead and ferrous ions (Pb (II), Fe (II)) from contaminated and aqueous solutions has been investigated using the land snail, Theba pisana, by a single thermal decomposition method. The produced material was successful in removing heavy metals from solutions, as evidenced by the improved adsorption effectiveness of the generated adsorbent. By adjusting several physicochemical factors, including time, pH, dosage, beginning concentration, and temperature, batch experiment research has been clarified. The optimization of lead and iron ion adsorption onto prepared adsorbent was performed considering the factors of fabricated adsorbent pH (1–6); concentrations (50–400 mg/L); adsorbent dose (0.005–0.05 g), time (5–120 min), and temperature (298–318 K).The optimum time and temperature were found to be 45 min and room temperature. FTIR, SEM with EDX, and other Spectro analytical methods were used to analyze the as-synthesized adsorbent. To ascertain which of the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models most accurately captured the reported adsorption equilibrium data, these models were employed. To further clarify the adsorption mechanism, the rate of adsorption was also investigated using a range of linear kinetic models (pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intraparticle diffusion), which showed pseudo-second-order behavior and indicated that two processes are essential to the adsorption process. In order to comprehend the nature of the sorption process, the mechanism of the adsorption process was shown by computing the values of ΔG o , ΔH o , and ΔS o using thermodynamic parameters. Consequently, adsorbent was a readily accessible, affordable, and ecologically suitable adsorbent for the removal of metal ions. An option for the adsorption of metal ions from polluted wastewater is the produced adsorbent.

In recent years, medicinal plants have gained significant attention in modern medicine due to their accessibility, affordability, widespread acceptance, and safety, making herbal remedies highly valued globally. Consequently, ensuring medicinal plants’ quality, efficacy, and safety has become a critical concern for developed and developing nations. The emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms poses a serious global health threat, particularly in low-income regions, despite significant advancements in antimicrobial drugs and medical research over the past century. The rapid spread of these multidrug-resistant infections is primarily attributed to improper prescriptions, overuse, and unregulated access to antibiotics. Addressing these challenges, the standardization of plant-derived pharmaceuticals could pave the way for a transformative era in healthcare. Preserving and leveraging the historical knowledge of medicinal plants is essential before such valuable information is lost. Recently, there has been growing interest among natural and pharmaceutical scientists in exploring medicinal plants as potential sources of antimicrobial agents. This current review aims to identify the most common pathogens threatening human health, analyze the factors contributing to the rise of drug-resistant microorganisms, and evaluate the widespread use of medicinal plants across various countries as alternative antibiotics, highlighting their unique mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance.

The development of multi-target anti-inflammatory agents represents a promising strategy to improve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects associated with single-target drugs. In this study, a rational hybridization approach was employed to design pyrazole/3-cyano-2-pyridinone hybrids aimed at modulating key inflammatory mediators. A novel series of pyrazole/3-cyano-2-pyridinone hybrids was synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. Nitric oxide (NO) production and iNOS activity were assessed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. COX-1/COX-2, LOX (5-LOX and 15-LOX), PGE , and TNF-α inhibition assays were performed. Cytotoxicity was determined using MTT assays. Molecular docking and 100-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to investigate binding modes and stability, while in silico ADME profiling was used to predict pharmacokinetic properties. Compounds , and significantly inhibited NO production and iNOS activity, with compound 5m showing the strongest effect (IC = 203.9 µM). COX inhibition assays revealed selective COX-2 activity, with compound exhibiting the highest potency (IC = 0.92 µM) and a selectivity index of 19.6. Compound most effectively suppressed PGE production (IC = 152.7 pg/mL), while 5m markedly reduced TNF-α levels, comparable to ibuprofen. In LOX assays, compound showed potent inhibition of both 5-LOX (IC = 0.34 µM) and 15-LOX (IC = 0.21 µM), outperforming zileuton. All tested compounds exhibited low cytotoxicity (IC > 85 µM). Docking and MD simulations confirmed stable and favorable binding interactions of , and with COX-2, 5-LOX, and iNOS, respectively. In silico pharmacokinetic analysis predicted good oral bioavailability and drug-like properties. The synthesized pyrazole/3-cyano-2-pyridinone hybrids demonstrated promising multi-target anti-inflammatory activity with favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles, highlighting their potential as lead candidates for further development.