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Introduction/Background*SENTIX is a prospective cohort multicentric international study on sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy without pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. SLN frozen section (FS) and pathological ultrastaging were mandatory by the protocol. Samples from SLN were reviewed centrally for pathological assessment quality control. Only sites experienced in SLN biopsy technique could join the trial.MethodologyIn total, 47 sites from 18 countries participated in the trial. Patients with FIGO 2009 stages T1A1/LVSI+ – T1B1 (<4 cm or ≤ 2 cm for fertility sparing), with common tumour types and no suspicious lymph nodes on imaging were registered in the trial. Patients remained in the trial after the surgery if SLN were detected on both sides of the pelvis and if SLN were negative on FS histological evaluation. Blue dye, radioactive tracer, indocyanine green or their combinations were all eligible tracers for SLN detection. Intraoperative SLN pathological processing consisted of SLN examination in one randomly selected slice. SLN ultrastaging protocol included a complete processing of all SLN tissue in slices of 2 mm thickness, 2 sections in 150 μm from each block until no tissue left, one stained with H&E and second examined immunohistochemically.Result(s)*Altogether 733 patients were registered until Sentix enrolment closure in October 2020, 83 patients were excluded (table 1) and 650 patients was analysed. Patients` characteristics are shown in table 1. Bilateral SLN detection rate reached 95%. FS detected macrometastases (MAC) in 44 cases and micrometastasis (MIC) in 4 cases. SLN ultrastaging found additional 9 cases with MAC, 26 with micrometastases (MIC) and all 19 cases with isolated tumor cells (ITC). Sensitivity of FS was 83.0% for the detection of MAC, 57.8% for pN1 status (MAC or MIC) and 47.1% for any type of SLN involvement (MAC, MIC, ITC). Table 2.Abstract 950 Table 1Patient’s characteristics (N=733)Abstract 950 Table 2SLN status assessed by frozen section and final ultastaging (N=650)Conclusion*High bilateral detection rate of 95% was achieved in Sentix sites experienced in the SLN biopsy technique. Intraoperative pathological assessment of SLN failed to detect majority of MIC (86.7%), all cases with ITC and 42.2% with pN1 (MIC or MAC).

Empirická studie je věnována problematice rozvíjení interkulturní komunikační kompetence (IKK) a její integraci s rozvíjením řečových dovedností ve výuce anglického jazyka (AJ) na 2. stupni ZŠ. V rámci hledání odpovědi na otázku, jakým způsobem a za jakých podmínek rozvíjení IKK ve výuce AJ probíhá, je cílem této studie nahlédnout do toho, v integraci s jakými řečovými dovednostmi je IKK rozvíjena a jaké je jejich zastoupení. Po úvodní části a vymezení teoretických východisek následuje část metodologická (kapitola 3) představující zkoumaný soubor (79 vyučovacích hodin AJ v 7. a 8. ročnících natočených u 25 učitelů na 2. stupni ZŠ ve třech krajích v rámci IVŠV videostudie anglického jazyka), způsob zpracování dat (způsob natáčení, transkripce, kódování), výzkumné otázky a kategoriální systémy (kategoriální systém IKK a kategoriální systém Řečové dovednosti), jež byly pro analýzu videozáznamů použity. Výsledky výzkumu naznačují, že mezi zastoupením řečových dovedností ve výuce a rozvíjením IKK existuje vztah, jenž se ve vzorku natočených hodin projevil vyšším zastoupením receptivních řečových dovedností a omezeným zastoupením produktivních řečových dovedností, vedoucím k rozvíjení IKK, jež se omezilo pouze na kognitivní úroveň, bez zastoupení zbývajících složek (konativní/behaviorální, afektivní).

Studie se zabývá komunikací ve školní třídě. Konkrétně je zaměřena na používání angličtiny jako cílového jazyka a češtiny jako mateřského jazyka ve výuce angličtiny na základních školách v České republice. Představuje výsledky analýzy 89 vyučovacích hodin anglického jazyka zaměřené na proporci mezi používáním angličtiny a češtiny učiteli a žáky a také na specifické situace, ve kterých jsou oba jazyky míšeny. Analýzy ukázaly, že učitelé ve vyučování vyřkli více českých slov než anglických, zatímco žáci naopak vyřkli více anglických slov než českých. Analýzy využívající časové kódování ukázaly, že angličtina a čeština se ve výuce objevují vyváženě. Alternativní perspektivou na vztah cílového a mateřského jazyka je pohled skrze příležitosti k procvičování jednotlivých jazykových dovedností, jež učitelé ve výuce vytvářejí. V souladu s jinými realizovanými výzkumy byly mezi jednotlivými zkoumanými učiteli pozorovány podstatné rozdíly v tom, do jaké míry využívají ve výuce mateřský jazyk žáků. V závěru studie je představeno pět typických situací, ve kterých ve výuce dochází k míšení jazyků.

Entrepreneurs from generation to generation play a significant role in the business environment. Understanding this issue, especially by policymakers, is crucial for development. Misunderstanding or lack of interest often leads to inaction or incorrect decisions, creating barriers for current and potential entrepreneurs. Each generation evolves in its own era, and over time, each will fade and be replaced by a new, undefined generation. Policymakers would be interested in understanding these changes and providing targeted support for the needs of different generations, together with removing barriers that arise over time. This paper explores the differences in entrepreneurial motivation. As times change, entrepreneurs must adapt, leading to shifts in behaviour and personality. The study examines motivations for starting businesses across generations, considering variables such as business field, experience, age, sales, and type. Primary research in 446 business entities using the CAWI (computer assisted web interviewing) method tested generational differences in business motivation and participation. The statistical method, Cramer’s V, identified interrelationships between variables. Four hypotheses were tested, revealing an influence between necessity motivation and financial results, and a significant tie between generation type and company establishment. These findings could increase interest in this topic, which is expected to revive interest among researchers and policymakers. Simultaneously, the output increases awareness of this issue and brings knowledge to improve the quality of business conditions for all generations.

There is great interest in increasing proteins' stability to enhance their utility as biocatalysts, therapeutics, diagnostics and nanomaterials. Directed evolution is a powerful, but experimentally strenuous approach. Computational methods offer attractive alternatives. However, due to the limited reliability of predictions and potentially antagonistic effects of substitutions, only single-point mutations are usually predicted in silico, experimentally verified and then recombined in multiple-point mutants. Thus, substantial screening is still required. Here we present FireProt, a robust computational strategy for predicting highly stable multiple-point mutants that combines energy- and evolution-based approaches with smart filtering to identify additive stabilizing mutations. FireProt's reliability and applicability was demonstrated by validating its predictions against 656 mutations from the ProTherm database. We demonstrate that thermostability of the model enzymes haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane dehydrochlorinase LinA can be substantially increased (ΔTm = 24°C and 21°C) by constructing and characterizing only a handful of multiple-point mutants. FireProt can be applied to any protein for which a tertiary structure and homologous sequences are available, and will facilitate the rapid development of robust proteins for biomedical and biotechnological applications.

The population with disabilities constitutes the largest minority group in the labour market, facing social and organizational barriers. The ambiguous nature of employment support provisions and the lack of unified vocational activation systems hinder their economic participation. This study reviews existing literature and examines the effectiveness of support programmes, and discusses the employment challenges faced by disabled individuals. The research emphasizes the need for coordinated national guidelines and highlights disparities across Central and Eastern European countries. The objective of this study was to analyze the economic activity of individuals with disabilities in micro, small, medium, and large enterprises in Poland. The study was conducted using the CAWI method (computer assisted web interview). The questionnaires were sent and completed online. The study found that individuals with severe disabilities may face greater challenges in accessing resources to support their own sole proprietorship (8.33%) in the labour market, compared to entrepreneurs with moderate (66.67%) and light (25%) disabilities. Furthermore, only 2.56% of individuals with physical disabilities are employed in micro-enterprises, with 32.08% being professionally inactive. This study identifies significant factors that contribute to the active participation of disabled individuals in the workforce, particularly in the Wielkopolska region, which was chosen as a case study. The results of the survey indicate a preference for enterprises without a high proportion of disabled employees. The factors influencing disabled individuals’ participation in the workforce include age, education, and professional activity. The improvement of the system should take into account company size, disability level, job assessment tools, and the use of job coaches. Incentives should not be based on disability status. The findings from this study have the capacity to inform about changes in SME job creation and enhance professional activity for people with disabilities.

According to the Dobzhansky–Muller model, hybrid sterility is a consequence of the independent evolution of related taxa resulting in incompatible genomic interactions of their hybrids. The model implies that the incompatibilities evolve randomly, unless a particular gene or nongenic sequence diverges much faster than the rest of the genome. Here we propose that asynapsis of heterospecific chromosomes in meiotic prophase provides a recurrently evolving trigger for the meiotic arrest of interspecific F1 hybrids. We observed extensive asynapsis of chromosomes and disturbance of the sex body in >95% of pachynemas of Mus m. musculus × Mus m. domesticus sterile F1 males. Asynapsis was not preceded by a failure of double-strand break induction, and the rate of meiotic crossing over was not affected in synapsed chromosomes. DNA double-strand break repair was delayed or failed in unsynapsed autosomes, and misexpression of chromosome X and chromosome Y genes was detected in single pachynemas and by genome-wide expression profiling. Oocytes of F1 hybrid females showed the same kind of synaptic problems but with the incidence reduced to half. Most of the oocytes with pachytene asynapsis were eliminated before birth. We propose the heterospecific pairing of homologous chromosomes as a preexisting condition of asynapsis in interspecific hybrids. The asynapsis may represent a universal mechanistic basis of F1 hybrid sterility manifested by pachytene arrest. It is tempting to speculate that a fast-evolving subset of the noncoding genomic sequence important for chromosome pairing and synapsis may be the culprit.

Background Models predicting recurrence risk (RR) of cervical cancer are used to tailor adjuvant treatment after radical surgery. The goal of our study was to compare available prognostic factors and to develop a prognostic model that would be easy to standardise and use in routine clinical practice. Methods All consecutive patients with early-stage cervical cancer treated by primary surgery in a single referral centre (01/2007–12/2016) were eligible if assessed by standardised protocols for pre-operative imaging and pathology. Fifteen prognostic markers were evaluated in 379 patients, out of which 320 lymph node (LN)-negative. Results The best predictive model for the whole cohort entailed a combination of tumour-free distance (TFD) ≤ 3.5 mm and LN positivity, which separated two subgroups with a substantially distinct RR 36% and 6.5%, respectively. In LN-negative patients, a combination of TFD ≤ 3.5 mm and adenosquamous tumour type separated a group of nine patients with RR 33% from the rest of the group with 6% RR. Conclusions A newly identified prognostic marker, TFD, surpassed all traditional tumour-related markers in the RR assessment. Predictive models combining TFD, which can be easily accessed on pre-operative imaging, with LN status or tumour type can be used in daily practice and can help to identify patients with the highest RR.

Managerial decision making is important in an enterprise and in leadership. Strategic objectives are, in general, objectives that an enterprise have to achieve to make its long-range plan that means a strategy succeed, especially in globalized environment. Each enterprise currently face the globalization that is why these enterprise have to know what can be done to achieve enterprise objectives more effectively within the future. The aim of the paper is to identify factors which can have an impact on decision making in the area of strategic objectives. Analysis shows the influence of selected variables such as financial performance, passion for work, managerial skills and communicated strategy on strategic objectives setting to be more open and dynamic or international. The paper is based on primary data collection from a recent survey of enterprises from the Czech Republic and on comparison with international resources focused on decision on strategic objectives. The primary research provides the support for relationships importance between selected variables for the managerial decision on strategic objectives. The secondary research introduces what specifically affects those variables. Moreover, the paper highlights that with managerial skills, a manager will assist the enterprise in achieving its objectives and business performance.

The term calcium-silicate composite can be recalled several basic building materials. The most common representatives are lime-silicate bricks and autoclaved aerated concrete. It is any material based on the reaction of lime and siliceous raw material. In this paper, attention is paid to composites based on autoclaved aerated concrete production technology. Possibilities of lightening the composite utilizing waste expanded perlite as a secondary raw material were investigated without the use of aluminium powder, which is commonly used in aerated concrete technology. Replacements of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 100% waste expanded perlite for sand were used. Based on physico-mechanical properties, and with the assessment of the microstructure, it has been found that up to 50% of the replacement of waste expanded perlite results in a lightening of the composite while increasing the compressive strength.