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Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are responsible for a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality from neonatal sepsis; however, data on these sepsis-related pathogens among hospitalized neonates in China are not well characterized. In this study, a total of 240 strains were isolated from four Women and Children’s hospitals in Southwest China between 2014 and 2019. Of these included pathogens, 104 (43.33%) were gram-positive bacteria, 129 (53.75%) were gram-negative bacteria, and 7 (2.92%) were fungi. Escherichia coli ( E. coli , 34.01%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae , 15.35%) were the main pathogen of neonate bacteremia. ST167 were the most prevalent STs in E. coli and ST11 in K. pneumoniae. Our study found that E. coli (62.71%) was the predominate pathogen of early-onset sepsis, among which 64.86% were MDR. Late-onset sepsis was mainly caused by K. pneumoniae (28.31%) and E. coli (24.78%), with showing that 78.33% of these pathogens were MDR. Notably, the prevalence of EO/LO pathogens were quite different from Indian and south of China. Moreover, we found that bla CTX-M (42.06%) was most dominant resistant genes with about a third isolates (31.09%) were positive for bla CTX-M-15 . All the carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae were positive for NDM-1. Moreover, late-onset sepsis and antibiotic exposure were significantly associated with MDR infection. Emerging multi-resistant pathogens of sepsis posts a serious threat to neonatal outcomes and emphasizes an urgent need to control their further spread.

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) cause morbidity and mortality in postpartum patients, resulting in poor prognosis for both mother and neonate. Gram-negative bacteremia is a public health threat, with high mortality among vulnerable populations and significant global economic costs. Gram-negative bacteremia and antimicrobial resistance are increasing. This study retrospectively analyzed the pathogen distribution and drug sensitivity among postpartum patients with BSIs to identify appropriate antibacterial agents for perioperative therapy. All bacteremia cases between January 2015 and December 2020 from three Health Centers for Women and Children in Chongqing, China, were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data were collected from medical records and charts. Blood samples were cultured by BD BACTEC FX200. Bacterial and fungal species and bacterial susceptibility were identified by a BD Phoenix M50 automatic detection machine. In total, 274 pathogenic strains were isolated from 272 blood samples. Excluding 25 suspected contamination strains, 248 blood samples yielded 249 microorganisms, including 214 gram-negative bacteria (85.9%), 34 gram-positive bacteria (13.6%), and 1 fungus (0.5%). ( ) was the most frequently isolated pathogen, both overall and among gram-negative bacilli (73.5%). represented 3.6% of gram-positive cocci (n = 9). Laboratory-confirmed anaerobic infections comprised 9.2% of cases (n = 23). Additionally, 47.4% of postpartum patients with BSIs suffered premature rupture of membranes (PROM), a suspected infection risk factor. Drug sensitivity levels remained unchanged for less commonly used drugs, but resistance increased against commonly used drugs. Specifically, resistance against fourth-generation cephalosporins increased during this study period. is the most common gram-negative bacillus in postpartum patients with BSIs, and increased anaerobic bacterial detections suggest genital tract inflammation control before delivery is necessary. Effective drug resistance monitoring remains necessary to alleviate bacterial resistance, such as preventing inappropriate antibiotic applications.

Silicide coating was prepared on electro-deposited nickel layer by the slurry pack cementation process on copper matrix at 1173 K for 12 h using SiO2 as Si source, pure Al powder as reducer, a dual activator of NaF＋NH4Cl and albumen （egg white） as cohesive agent. Microstructure, properties and siliconizing mechanism of silicide coating were discussed. The experimental results show that the silicide coating with 220 μm thickness is mainly composed of a Ni2Si phase and a small amount of Ni31Si12 phase. Its mean microhardness （HV 790） is ten times than that of copper substrate （HV 70）. The coefficient of friction decreases from 0.8 of pure copper to about 0.3 of the siliconzed sample. SiF2, SiCl2 and SiCl3 are responsible for the transportation and deposition of Si during the slurry pack cementation process.

Grid cells are considered one of the key sources for place-cell signals in the hippocampus. The entorhinal circuit also contains other functional cell types, but it is unclear which project to the place cells of the hippocampus. Zhang et al. (10.1126/science.1232627, see the Perspective by Poucet and Sargolini ) addressed this question using optogenetics and in vivo multi-electrode electrophysiology. Hippocampal cells received input from a broad spectrum of entorhinal neuronal cell types. Grid cells represented the biggest group of spatial inputs, but border cells, head-direction cells, and a large fraction of nonspatial cells also provided inputs. Thus, hippocampal circuits have local mechanisms for processing specific types of functional input from the entorhinal cortex to generate place-specific signals. The place-cell population of the hippocampus receives direct input from a variety of medial entorhinal neurons. [Also see Perspective by Poucet and Sargolini ] We used a combined optogenetic-electrophysiological strategy to determine the functional identity of entorhinal cells with output to the place-cell population in the hippocampus. Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) was expressed selectively in the hippocampus-targeting subset of entorhinal projection neurons by infusing retrogradely transportable ChR2-coding recombinant adeno-associated virus in the hippocampus. Virally transduced ChR2-expressing cells were identified in medial entorhinal cortex as cells that fired at fixed minimal latencies in response to local flashes of light. A large number of responsive cells were grid cells, but short-latency firing was also induced in border cells and head-direction cells, as well as cells with irregular or nonspatial firing correlates, which suggests that place fields may be generated by convergence of signals from a broad spectrum of entorhinal functional cell types.

VOZ (Vascular Plant One-Zinc Finger) transcription factors represent a plant-specific family of regulatory proteins that are pivotal in controlling plant growth, developmental processes, and adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although VOZ genes have been reported in multiple plant species, their genomic organization, evolutionary history, and functional dynamics in sweet potato remain largely unexplored. In this study, a comprehensive genome-wide investigation of VOZ family members was conducted across six Ipomoea species, namely I. aquatica (Iaq), I. cairica (Ica), I. nil (Inil), I. triloba (Itb), I. trifida (Itf), and Ipomoea batatas (Ib). In terms of their phylogenetic relationships, protein properties, gene architecture, conserved motifs, promoter cis -elements, chromosomal localization, and collinearity patterns, 14 VOZ genes were identified and systematically analyzed. The findings reveal a contraction in VOZ copy number, accompanied by structural and functional divergence during the evolutionary trajectory of these Ipomoea species. Furthermore, transcriptional profiling and protein-protein interaction network characterization in sweet potato indicate that VOZs from I. trifida (ItfVOZs) and I. batatas ( IbVOZs ) are implicated in developmental regulation, hormone-mediated signaling pathways, and stress adaptation. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive genomic framework for the VOZ gene family across six Ipomoea species and provides a solid foundation for elucidating their functional roles in sweet potato.

Background The occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is still relatively high. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy of piperacillin-tazobactam as perioperative prophylactic antibiotic on organ/space SSI for patients underwent PD. Methods Four hundred seven consecutive patients who underwent PD between January 2018 and December 2022 were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively. The univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify independent risk factors of organ/space SSI. Postoperative complications were compared between the two groups according to the use of prophylactic antibiotics by a ratio of 1:1 propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis. Results Based on perioperative prophylactic antibiotic use, all 407 patients were divided into the ceftriaxone group ( n  = 192, 47.2%) and piperacillin–tazobactam group ( n  = 215, 52.8%). The rate of organ/space SSI was 31.2% with the choice of perioperative antibiotics (OR = 2.837, 95%CI = 1.802–4.465, P  < 0.01) as one of independent risk factors. After PSM, there were similar baseline characteristics among the groups. Meanwhile, the piperacillin–tazobactam group had a significant lower rate of organ/space SSI compared to the ceftriaxone group both before and after PSM( P  < 0.05). Conclusions The adoption of piperacillin–tazobactam as perioperative prophylaxis for patients underwent PD reduced organ/space SSI significantly.

Background The study aimed to assess the prognostic impact of lymph node (LN) metastasis combined with surgical margin status on the 5-year overall survival (OS) of patients after radical resection perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC). Methods Clinicopathological data of patients with PHCC who underwent curative resection between June 2014 and June 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the risk factors for OS and LN metastasis. Kaplan–Meier method with log-rank test was performed for OS curves. Results 71 patients were enrolled and the 5-year OS rate was 52.4%. Poor differentiation grade, R1/2 resection, and the presence of LN metastasis were the independent prognostic factors of poor OS. In patients without LN metastasis, the 5-year OS rate was significantly higher in patients with negative surgical margin than patients with positive surgical margin. In LN metastasis positive patients, a comparable 5-year OS rate was found between patients with and without positive surgical margin ( P  = 0.185). Conclusions In patients with curatively resected for PHCC, R1 resection margin does not influence OS in patients with LN metastasis even when radical resection was achieved. Consequently, the risk of highly invasive procedures aimed at achieving R0 margins should be judiciously weighed against potential morbidity risk in patients with LN metastasis, as aggressive surgical strategies may not translate to survival benefits.

Organ/space surgical site infection (SSI) are common after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). There is limited research on the clinical impact of intraoperative lavage fluid contamination in patients undergoing PD. One hundred five patients who underwent PD between August 2022 and July 2023 were retrospectively enrolled. The intraoperative bile and peritoneal lavage were collected for bacterial culture. Postoperative drainage bacterial cultures were performed every 2–3 days thereafter until drains were all removed. The bacteria isolated from intraoperative lavage fluid, intraoperative bile, and postoperative drainage fluid were examined in detail. The risk factors associated with positive intraoperative lavage fluid culture were analyzed through both univariate and multivariate analyses. Organ/space SSI occurred in 59(56.2%) of the 105 patients. The positivity rates of cultures in intraoperative lavage fluid, intraoperative bile, and postoperative drainage fluid were found to be 41.0%, 67.6%, and 84.8%, respectively. Patients with positive intraoperative lavage fluid culture had a significantly higher occurrence of organ/space SSI compared to the negative group (69.0% vs. 29.4%, P  < 0.001). Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) was identified as the only independent risk factor for the contamination of intraoperative lavage fluid (OR = 7.687, 95% CI: 2.164–27.300, P  = 0.002). K. pneumoniae was the most common isolates both in the intraoperative lavage fluid and postoperative drainage fluid. Intraoperative lavage fluid contamination closely correlated with organ/space SSI after PD. Meanwhile, PBD was the only risk factor for the contamination of intraoperative lavage fluid.

Multi-station joint localization has important practical significance. In this paper, phase difference of arrival (PDOA) information is introduced into the joint time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) localization method to improve the target localization accuracy. First, the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the joint TDOA, FDOA and PDOA localization approach with multi-station precise phase synchronization is derived. Then, the CRLB of the joint TDOA, FDOA and differential PDOA (dPDOA) localization method for the case of phase asynchronization between observation stations is also presented. Furthermore, the authors analyze the influence of the phase wrapping problem on localization accuracy and propose solutions to solve the phase wrapping problem based on cost functions of grid search. Finally, iterative localization algorithms based on maximum likelihood (ML) are proposed for both TDOA/FDOA/PDOA and TDOA/FDOA/dPDOA scenarios, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate the localization performance of the proposed approaches.

Perovskite light-emitting diodes are promising for next-generation ultrahigh-definition displays, yet efficient pure-red emission (620-650 nm) with high spectral purity remains challenging, with emission linewidths commonly exceeding 30 nm. CsPbI nanoplatelets feature the potential for narrow-linewidth emission owing to strong vertical quantum confinement and atomic-level flat surface. Nonetheless, the dynamic motion of native long-chain oleylamine exacerbates lattice vibrations in ultrathin soft lattices, inducing strong electron-phonon coupling and undermining optical advantages. Here, we introduce the rigid 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonamide molecule, which partially replaces oleylamine and vertically anchors on the nanoplatelets, sterically restricting the dynamic motion of neighboring oleylamine, thereby mitigating electron-phonon coupling. The resulting light-emitting diodes achieve pure-red electroluminescence at 641 nm with a narrow linewidth of 24 nm, an average external quantum efficiency of 23.2 ± 2.4% (maximum 29.8%), and an operational lifetime of 128.2 h. This work underscores the critical role of electron-phonon coupling modulation in optimizing perovskite optoelectronic devices.