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The catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) technology exhibits great flexibility and safety under mild conditions, and shows extremely promising application prospects for the degradation of 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP). Prepare the N-doped phenolic resin carbon support (PMF) using phenol, melamine and formaldehyde as raw materials, and load Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on it. The XPS results indicate that the Pd/PMF-800 has a higher Pyridine-N (24.8%) and a higher Pd 0 /(Pd 2+ +Pd 0 ) ratio (65.4%). Moreover, the difference in electronegativity between the N atom and the resin carbon support enhances the binding energy between them. This enhancement promotes the nucleation of Pd NPs on the surface of the resin carbon support, thereby imparting higher stability to the Pd NPs. Due to these comprehensive advantages, Pd/PMF-800 has the highest dechlorination activity (k obs = 0.0594 min⁻¹) and stability (dechlorination rate is 91.56% after 5 cycle). Additionally, it also demonstrates efficient dehalogenation rates for 2-Chlorophenol and 4-Bromophenol. It can provide a catalyst that has high-efficiency dehalogenation performance, strong acid and alkali stability and adaptability, and can be recycled for the degradation of halogenated phenols in the environment.

Platanus officinalis fibers (PFs) taking advantage of high-availability, eco-friendly and low-cost characteristics have attracted significant focus in the field of biomaterial application. Polyethyleneimine grafted with polydopamine on magnetic Platanus officinalis fibers (PEI-PDA@M-PFs) were prepared through a two-step process of mussel inspiration and the Michael addition reaction, which can work as an effective multifunctional biomass adsorbent for anionic dye with outstanding separation capacity and efficiency. The as-prepared PEI-PDA@M-PFs possess desirable hydrophilicity, magnetism and positive charge, along with abundant amino functional groups on the surface, facilitating efficient adsorption and the removal of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dyes from water. In addition to the formation mechanism, the adsorption properties, including adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and the reusability of the absorbent, were studied intensively. The as-prepared PEI-PDA@M-PFs achieved a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 166.11 mg/g under optimal conditions (pH 7.0), with 10 mg of the adsorbent introduced into the EBT solution. The pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models were well matched with experimental data. Moreover, thermodynamic data ΔH > 0 revealed homogeneous chemical adsorption with a heat-absorption reaction. The adsorbent remained at high stability and recyclability even after five cycles of EBT adsorption processes. These above findings provide new insights into the adsorption processes and the development of biologic material for sustainable applications.

Various supported Ir/TiO2 catalysts were prepared using different Ir precursors (i.e., H2IrCl6, (NH4)2IrCl6 and Ir(acac)3) and tested for vapor phase selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde. The choice of Ir precursor significantly altered the Ir-TiOx interaction in the catalyst, which thus had essential influences on the geometric and electronic properties of the Ir species, reducibility, and surface acidity, and, consequently, their reaction behaviors. The Ir/TiO2-N catalyst using (NH4)2IrCl6 as the precursor gave the highest initial reaction rates and turnover frequencies of crotyl alcohol formation. Such high performance was ascribed to the high Ir dispersion and high surface concentration of Ir0 species, as well as a higher surface acidity, in the Ir/TiO2-N catalyst compared to its counterparts, indicating the synergistic roles of the Ir-TiOx interface in the reaction, as the interfacial sites were responsible for the adsorption/activation of H2 and the C=O bond in the crotonaldehyde molecule.

SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein with very low mutation rates is the only structural protein which not only functions to package viral genomic RNA, but also manipulates host-cell machineries, thus representing a key target for drug development. Recent discovery of its liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) opens up a new direction for developing anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategies/drugs. However, so far the high-resolution mechanism of its LLPS still remains unknown. Here by DIC and NMR characterization, we have demonstrated: 1) nucleic acids modulate LLPS by dynamic and multivalent interactions over both folded NTD/CTD and Arg/Lys residues within IDRs; 2) ATP with concentrations > mM in all living cells but absent in viruses not only binds NTD/CTD, but also Arg residues within IDRs with a Kd of 2.8 mM; and 3) ATP dissolves nucleic-acid-induced LLPS by competitively displacing nucleic acid from binding the protein. Our study deciphers that the essential binding of N protein with nucleic acid and its LLPS are targetable by small molecules including ATP, which is emerging as a cellular factor controlling the host-SARS-CoV-2 interaction. Fundamentally, our results imply that the mechanisms of LLPS of IDR-containing proteins mediated by ATP and nucleic acids appear to be highly conserved from human to virus. An NMR-centered approach demonstrates that the liquid-liquid phase separation behavior of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein is modulated by competitive interactions with ATP and nucleic acids.

Most membrane-less organelles (MLOs) formed by LLPS contain both nucleic acids and IDR-rich proteins. Currently while IDRs are well-recognized to drive LLPS, nucleic acids are thought to exert non-specific electrostatic/salt effects. TDP-43 functions by binding RNA/ssDNA and its LLPS was characterized without nucleic acids to be driven mainly by PLD-oligomerization, which may further transit into aggregation characteristic of various neurodegenerative diseases. Here by NMR, we discovered unexpectedly for TDP-43 PLD: 1) ssDNAs drive and then dissolve LLPS by multivalently and specifically binding Arg/Lys. 2) LLPS is driven by nucleic-acid-binding coupled with PLD-oligomerization. 3) ATP and nucleic acids universally interplay in modulating LLPS by competing for binding Arg/Lys. However, the unique hydrophobic region within PLD renders LLPS to exaggerate into aggregation. The study not only unveils the first residue-resolution mechanism of the nucleic-acid-driven LLPS of TDP-43 PLD, but also decodes a general principle that not just TDP-43 PLD, all Arg/Lys-containing IDRs are cryptic nucleic-acid-binding domains that may phase separate upon binding nucleic acids. Strikingly, ATP shares a common mechanism with nucleic acids in binding IDRs, thus emerging as a universal mediator for interactions between IDRs and nucleic acids, which may underlie previously-unrecognized roles of ATP at mM in physiology and pathology. Probing ssDNA binding to TAR-DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) prion-like domain (PLD) through NMR shows key interactions for nucleic acid to drive liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of intrinsically-disordered proteins.

To assess bacterial vaginosis (BV)-related primary molecular diagnostic markers of Lactobacillus crispatus , Gardnerella vaginalis , Fannyhessea vaginae , bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria 2 (BVAB-2), Megasphaera-1 and Megasphaera-2 and to discover molecular diagnostic indicators of BV with the most economic value for the efficient diagnosis of BV.All vaginal secretion specimens, including 122 BV-positive cases and 130 BV-negative controls were collected. First, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the levels of above the six bacteria. Then, the detection rates, sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic threshold, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were compared. Megasphaera-1 and Megasphaera-2 were detected in the BV-positive group, with a low detection rate of 35.25% and 19.67% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the above four bacteria were 95.90%/72.31%, 82.79%/92.48%, 72.13%/95.38%, and 56.56%/94.62% respectively, using the cut-off value for the diagnosis of BV. When combinations of L. crispatus with G. vaginalis , F. vaginae , and BVAB-2 were performed respectively, their sensitivity and specificity were 99.29%/97.79%, 98.86%/98.72%, and 98.22%/98.51% in sequence.It is difficult to diagnose BV using only one species, however, combinations of L. crispatus with G. vaginalis or F. vaginae showed a better diagnostic effect, particularly with the combination of L. crispatus and G. vaginalis . Key points L. crispatus combing with G. vaginalis had the following advantages: Compared with one bacteria, it can better reflect the idea of vaginal microflora; Compared with 4 to 6 indicators, it was with lower cost and easily explored reagent kits; Compared with Nugent score, it was accurate and repeatable;

Semantic segmentation-based Complex Waterway Scene Understanding has shown great promise in the environmental perception of Unmanned Surface Vehicles. Existing methods struggle with estimating the edges of obstacles under conditions of blurred water surfaces. To address this, we propose the Lightweight Dual-branch Mamba Network (LDMNet), which includes a CNN-based Deep Dual-branch Network for extracting image features and a Mamba-based fusion module for aggregating and integrating global information. Specifically, we improve the Deep Dual-branch Network structure by incorporating multiple Atrous branches for local fusion; we design a Convolution-based Recombine Attention Module, which serves as the gate activation condition for Mamba-2 to enhance feature interaction and global information fusion from both spatial and channel dimensions. Moreover, to tackle the directional sensitivity of image serialization and the impact of the State Space Model’s forgetting strategy on non-causal data modeling, we introduce a Hilbert curve scanning mechanism to achieve multi-scale feature serialization. By stacking feature sequences, we alleviate the local bias of Mamba-2 towards image sequence data. LDMNet integrates the Deep Dual-branch Network, Recombine Attention, and Mamba-2 blocks, effectively capturing the long-range dependencies and multi-scale global context information of Complex Waterway Scene images. The experimental results on four benchmarks show that the proposed LDMNet significantly improves obstacle edge segmentation performance and outperforms existing methods across various performance metrics.

In order to meet the demands of autonomy and control optimization in solar greenhouse control systems, this paper developed an intelligent temperature and humidity control system for greenhouses based on the Single Neuron Proportional Integral Derivative (SNPID) algorithm. The system is centered around the Huada HC32F460 Micro-Controller Unit (MCU) and the RT-Thread operating system, integrated with the SNPID control algorithm. Through comprehensive simulation, model construction, and comparative experiments, this system was thoroughly evaluated in comparison with traditional PID control systems (cPID) that rely on overseas software and hardwsbuare. Simulation results show that our new system significantly outperforms traditional PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) systems in terms of temperature control stability and accuracy. Experimental data further confirm that, while ensuring cost-effectiveness, the new system achieves a remarkable 50.2% improvement in temperature and humidity control precision compared to traditional systems. The temperature Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in the experimental greenhouse is 0.734 compared to 1.594 in the comparison greenhouse, indicating better stable temperature control capability. The vents in the experimental greenhouse have a maximum opening of 67 cm and a minimum of 5 cm, showing a quick response property to high temperatures. In contrast, the control greenhouse has a maximum vent opening of 55 cm, remaining unchanged during the test period, which reflects its slower response to temperature fluctuations. These results demonstrate the significant advantages of the designed solar greenhouse temperature and humidity control system in terms of autonomy and control optimization, providing an efficient and economical solution for solar greenhouse environmental management. This system shows significant practical application perspective in promoting intelligent agriculture and sustainable agricultural production, highlighting its broad impact and potential significance.

Innovative education is the focus of quality education in higher medical colleges. In this paper, we investigate the cognitive situation and satisfaction of the students who plan to participate in and have participated in the innovation and entrepreneurship training program of college students. Discuss how to better carry out the innovation and entrepreneurship training plan for college students under the new situation, and analyze the problems existing in the implementation process of the project, so as to provide guidance and reference for the training of innovative and entrepreneurial talents.

SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein with low mutation rate is the only structural protein not only functioning to package viral genomic RNA, but also manipulating the host-cell machineries, thus representing a key target for drug development. Recent discovery of its liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) not only sheds light on previously-unknown mechanisms underlying the host-SARS-CoV-2 interaction and viral life cycle, but most importantly opens up a new direction for developing anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategies/drugs. However, so far the high-resolution mechanism of LLPS of N protein still remains unknown because it is not amenable for high-resolution biophysical investigations. Here we systematically dissected N protein into differential combinations of domains followed by DIC and NMR characterization. We successfully identified N (1-249), which not only gives high-quality NMR spectra, but phase separates as the full-length N protein. The results together decode for the first time: 1) nucleic acid modulates LLPS by dynamic but specific interactions multivalently over both folded NTD/CTD and Arg/Lys residues within IDRs. 2) ATP, mysteriously with concentrations >mM in all living cells but absent in viruses, not only specifically binds NTD/CTD, but also Arg residues within IDRs with Kd of 2.8 mM. 3) ATP dissolves LLPS by competitively displacing nucleic acid from binding the protein. Therefore, ATP and nucleic acid interplay in modulating LLPS by specific competitions for binding over the highly overlapped binding sites. Our study deciphers the mechanism of LLPS of N protein, which is targetable by small molecules. ATP is not only emerging as a cellular factor controlling the host-SARS-CoV-2 interaction, but also provides a lead for developing anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs efficient for different variants of SARS-CoV-2. Fundamentally, our results imply that the mechanisms of LLPS of IDR-containing proteins mediated by ATP and nucleic acids appear to be highly conserved from human to virus.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.