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"Stohl, Cynthia"
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Collective action in organizations : interaction and engagement in an era of technological change
\"This book explores how people participate in public life through organizations. The authors examine The American Legion, AARP, and MoveOn, and show surprising similarities across these three organizations\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Collective Action in Organizations
Challenging the notion that digital media render traditional, formal organizations irrelevant, this book offers a new theory of collective action and organizing. Based on extensive surveys and interviews with members of three influential and distinctive organizations in the United States - The American Legion, AARP and MoveOn - the authors reconceptualize collective action as a phenomenon in which technology enhances people's ability to cross boundaries in order to interact with one another and engage with organizations. By developing a theory of Collective Action Space, Bimber, Flanagin and Stohl explore how people's attitudes, behaviors, motivations, goals and digital media use are related to their organizational involvement. They find that using technology does not necessarily make people more likely to act collectively, but contributes to a diversity of 'participatory styles', which hinge on people's interaction with one another and the extent to which they shape organizational agendas. In the digital media age, organizations do not simply recruit people into roles, they provide contexts in which people are able to construct their own collective experiences.
eBook
Social Media Policies: Implications for Contemporary Notions of Corporate Social Responsibility
Three global developments situate the context of this investigation: the increasing use of social media by organizations and their employees, the burgeoning presence of social media policies, and the heightened focus on corporate social responsibility (CSR). In this study the intersection of these trends is examined through a content analysis of 112 publicly available social media policies from the largest corporations in the world. The extent to which social media policies facilitate and/or constrain the communicative sensibilities and values associated with contemporary notions of CSR is considered. Overall, findings indicate that a large majority of policies, regardless of sector or national headquarters, increasingly inhibit communicative tenets of contemporary CSR (i.e., free speech, collective information sharing, and stakeholder engagement/dialogue) and thereby diminish employee negotiation and participation in the social responsibilities of corporations. Moreover, policies generally enact organizational communication practices that are contrary to international CSR guidelines (e.g., the UN Global Compact and other international agreements). Findings suggest that social media policies represent a relatively unrecognized development in the institutionalization of CSR communicative norms and practices that call into question the promising affordances of social media for the inclusion of various voices in the public negotiation of what constitutes corporate social responsibility.
Journal Article
A New Generation of Corporate Codes of Ethics
Globalization theories posit organizational convergence, suggesting that Codes of Ethics will become commonplace and include greater consideration of global issues. This study explores the degree to which the Codes of Ethics of 157 corporations on the Global 500 and/or Fortune 500 lists include the \"third generation\" of corporate social responsibility. Unlike first generation ethics, which focus on the legal context of corporate behavior, and second generation ethics, which locate responsibility to groups directly associated with the corporation, third generation ethics transcend both the profit motive and the immediate corporate environment. Third generation ethics are grounded in responsibilities to the larger interconnected environment. The results of the study suggest convergence, insofar as Codes of Ethics are becoming standard communication features of corporations across region and industrial sector but still manifest a primary concern with profits and those behaviors which are mandated by law. Only corporations headquartered in the European Union demonstrate a significant degree of global consciousness and reflexivity. However, there is some evidence that third generation ethics and thinking are becoming part of the corporate landscape. More then three quarters of the corporations made at least some reference to third generation ethics.
Journal Article
Participatory Processes/Paradoxical Practices
This article brings together previous research efforts by the authors and reviews a wide range of relevant literatures to explain and analyze paradoxes of employee participation and workplace democracy. Although the authors do not take the position that all or even most of these paradoxes are necessarily harmful, they do maintain that there are a variety of practical avenues for dealing with them. The heart of the essay analyzes several main categories of participatory paradoxes: those of structure, agency, identity, and power. Following that, the authors offer practical suggestions for the management of paradoxes (and related tensions and contradictions), linking those recommendations to relevant theoretical and empirical propositions.
Journal Article
Does CSR Matter? A longitudinal analysis of product reviews for CSR-associated brands
The business case for CSR argues that it is most profitable when it distinguishes the company from its competitors. However, empirical evidence of the positive relationship between CSR and consumer behavior is mixed. Taking a longitudinal approach, this study examines the degree to which CSR is associated with the online assessments of products from two companies within the same sector: TOMS, an ‘intrinsic CSR’ shoe company where CSR efforts permeate its business model, and BOBS, a line of shoes from Skechers, and an ‘extrinsic CSR’ company where CSR efforts are not embedded within its overall business operations. A content analysis of over 3000 Amazon reviews for BOBS and TOMS shoes shows that over time, reviewers become less focused on CSR corporate identity and more concerned with the tangible features of the product. The implications of the findings for the connection between CSR and consumer buying behaviors are discussed.
Journal Article
Managing organizational change: paradoxical problems, solutions, and consequences
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine how paradox emerges during a planned change initiative to improve and dramatically transform inter-agency information sharing. Based on interviews with key decision makers, the authors interrogate the relationships among institutional contradictions, emergent dualities, the communicative management of related organizational stakeholder paradoxes, and the consequences of enacted solutions.Design methodology approach - Interviews with government leaders serve as the data source. These decision makers are from justice agencies participating in planning an information-sharing program to better protect citizens and their agencies' workforce.Findings - The data suggests that Seo and Creed's institutional contradiction \"isomorphism conflicting with divergent interests\" gave rise to three interdependent dualities: stakeholder self-interest collective good, stakeholder inclusion exclusion, and emergent stakeholder consensus leader driven decision making. These dualities were implicated in the enactment of paradox and its management. No matter what strategy the managers used, the consequences themselves were paradoxical, rooted in the same dualities that were originally present.Research limitations implications - The authors sought to trace the outcomes of how leaders managed the poles of dualities, and found evidence of unintended consequences that were intriguing in their own right and were linked to stakeholder considerations. The paper underscores the importance of communication in the representation of paradoxes and how they were managed, and the unintended consequences of the solutions.Practical implications - Leaders' articulations of paradox can be tapped for improving change efforts.Originality value - Whereas, institutional contradictions have been examined in reference to emerging paradox, and while paradoxical solutions have been studied widely, little research has investigated how institutional contradictions become simultaneously embedded in the process and the outcomes of organizational change.
Journal Article
Paradoxes of connectivity: Boundary permeability, technological variability, and organisational durability
Another example of shifting boundaries and new forms of organising is the HEKE project (Heroic Educated Kiwi Expatriates), a campaign created by New Zealand Professor of the Year, Sir Paul Callaghan, to encourage 35,000 New Zealanders living abroad to pay back student loans to help ease the cost of the massive reconstruction efforts. Each of these examples illustrates what is currently happening in the world of 'collective action'-the term social scientists use for the voluntary association of two or more people who share interests or identities, and act together toward the establishment of some shared 'public good' (Olson, 1965).
Journal Article
Human rights and corporate social responsibility
The paper seeks to explore how globalization processes have shaped the nature, scope, and time frame of considerations of social responsibility and the development of a corporate social responsibility (CSR) regime. The paper identifies three generations of human rights' values embedded within the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and aims to argue that they inspire and influence contemporary discussions about, and practices of CSR. Employing the emergence of the human rights regime as a paradigmatic case comparison, the interrelationships of states, non-governmental organizations (NGO), and corporations in the development of new conceptions and expectations of, and organizations for CSR were explored. The paper finds strong parallels between the growth of the global human rights regime and the burgeoning international attention paid to issues of CSR and sustainability. Four critical stages are identified: the formal articulation of norms, the increasing role of NGOs, changing power dynamics between state, NGOs, and multinational corporations, and the reconfiguration of network density and diversity. The paper suggests that attention to the communicative processes associated with the development of the international human rights regime provides important insights for the future development of a global CSR regime. Through the introduction of the three generations of human rights discourse, communicative actions and pathways from which a global corporate social responsibility regime may emerge were articulated.
Journal Article