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Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) remains a major global public health challenge. While the World Health Organization has set ambitious targets for elimination of MTCT, achieving these goals in high-burden countries like China requires robust, real-world evaluation of preventive strategies. Our study aims to analyze the effectiveness of preventing MTCT of HBV and the associated risk factors. Methods This retrospective cohort study comprised 16,223 pairs of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers and infants from 2021 to 2023 in geographical regions replete with coverage by preventive measures. We calculated MTCT rates of HBV in different maternal-infant groups and analyzed the risk factors associated with MTCT of HBV. Results The mother-infant pairs in our study exhibited a 99.46% compliance rate for hepatitis B immunoglobulin and 98.87% for the birth-dose vaccine. The overall HBV MTCT rate was 0.60% (97/16,223). When hepatitis B viral protein (HBeAg)-positive women received timely antiviral intervention, MTCT rates were reduced to 0.48%. Multivariate analysis confirmed that HBeAg-positive (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 132.03 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 18.26–954.41]) and HBV DNA viral load ≥ 2 × 10 5 IU/ml (aOR, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.30–3.22]) were associated with an increased risk for MTCT. Maternal antiviral therapy (aOR, 0.17 [95% CI, 0.10–0.28]) and infants receiving three doses of hepatitis B vaccine (aOR, 0.07 [95% CI, 0.01–0.76]) were found to be the protective factors. Conclusions This study provides important insights into the factors contributing to HBV MTCT. However, gaps remain with respect to adherence to antiviral therapy, the timeliness of the full-three-dose vaccination series in high-risk infants, and the standardization of treatment protocols. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

Background Canine enteric coronavirus (CECoV) is a prevalent infectious disease among dogs worldwide, yet its epidemiology in mainland China remains poorly understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of CECoV in mainland China and identify factors influencing its prevalence. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases for studies regarding CECoV epidemiology of China. PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and CQVIP were searched to obtain the studies. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined criteria, and data were extracted and synthesized. The quality the studies was assessed using the JBI assessment tool. Heterogeneity was checked using I 2  test statistics followed by subgroup and sensitivity analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore variations in CECoV prevalence by factors such as year, region, season, health status, social housing type, gender, age, and breed. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and eggers test that was followed by trim and fill analysis. Results A total of 27 studies involving 21,034 samples were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of CECoV in mainland China was estimated to be 0.30 (95% CI 0.24–0.37), indicating persistent circulation of the virus. Subgroup analyses revealed higher prevalence rates in younger dogs, multi-dog households, apparently healthy dogs, and certain regions such as southwest China. Seasonal variations were observed, with lower prevalence rates in summer. However, no significant differences in prevalence were found by gender. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of CECoV in mainland China, highlighting the persistent circulation of the virus and identifying factors associated with higher prevalence rates. Continuous monitoring and surveillance efforts, along with research into accurate detection methods and preventive measures, are essential for the effective control of CECoV and mitigation of its potential impact on animal and human health.

Osteoporotic fractures are a major public health concern, particularly among the aging population, as they significantly contribute to morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. While cardiovascular health (CVH) has traditionally been linked to cardiovascular disease outcomes, emerging evidence suggests it may also influence bone health. This study investigates the association between CVH, as measured by the Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) score, and the prevalence of osteoporotic fractures in U.S. adults. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. A total of 17,606 adults aged 20 and above were included in the analysis after excluding participants with missing data on CVH or osteoporotic fractures. CVH was assessed using the LE8 score, which incorporates eight modifiable cardiovascular health metrics: diet, physical activity, tobacco use, sleep, body mass index (BMI), lipid levels, blood glucose, and blood pressure. The primary outcome, osteoporotic fractures, was identified through self-reported data confirmed by a physician. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between CVH and the prevalence of osteoporotic fractures, adjusting for demographic and health-related covariates. Participants with higher CVH scores had a lower prevalence of osteoporotic fractures. In the fully adjusted model, each 1-point increase in the LE8 score was associated with a 1% reduction in the odds of osteoporotic fractures (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–0.99). Compared to participants with low CVH levels, those with moderate CVH had a 22% lower odds of osteoporotic fractures (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.70–0.87), and those with high CVH had a 34% lower odds (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.56–0.79). A significant linear trend was observed across different CVH levels ( P for trend < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the inverse relationship between CVH and osteoporotic fractures was consistent across different demographic and health-related subgroups. This study highlights a significant inverse association between cardiovascular health and osteoporotic fractures in U.S. adults. These findings suggest that maintaining a high level of cardiovascular health, as measured by the LE8 score, may be important in reducing the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Public health strategies that integrate cardiovascular and bone health interventions may enhance overall health outcomes and reduce the societal burden of both cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis.

Background Both migrant status and HIV infection pose significant barriers to accessing antenatal healthcare. This study examined the characteristics and temporal trends of HIV-infected pregnant women by migrant status in eastern China, and identified factors associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake. Methods Data were obtained from the Zhejiang Provincial Information System for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, including HIV-infected pregnant women registered between 2011 and 2021. Participants were categorized into four groups based on migrant status: (1) permanent residents within Zhejiang Province; (2) permanent residents outside Zhejiang Province; (3) inter-provincial migrants; (4) intra-provincial migrants. Results A total of 2560 HIV-infected pregnant women were reported during the study period. Of these, 65.74% were migrants from outside Zhejiang Province, 25.43% were permanent residents within Zhejiang Province, 6.33% were permanent residents outside Zhejiang Province, and 2.50% were intra-provincial migrants. Maternal age, education, marital status, reproductive history, HIV awareness time, and birth outcomes varied significantly by migration status. The proportion of inter-provincial migrants showed a significant increasing trend over time (APC = 1.16, 95% CI 0.01 to 2.61, P  < 0.05). Although the overall ART coverage rate increased, it remained lowest among inter-provincial migrants (84.74%) compared to local residents (95.72%), with multivariate analysis indicating that migrant women from outside Zhejiang had significantly lower odds of ART usage (OR = 0.340, 95% CI 0.158–0.739). Conclusions Socio-demographic disparities among HIV-infected pregnant women are strongly associated with migrant status, with migrant women less likely to access ART. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to enhance HIV treatment access and retention among migrant populations.

The real causal relationship between human gut microbiota and T1D remains unclear and difficult to establish. Herein, we adopted a two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causality between gut microbiota and T1D. We leveraged publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to perform MR analysis. The gut microbiota-related GWAS data from 18,340 individuals from the international consortium MiBioGen were used. The summary statistic data for T1D (n = 264,137) were obtained from the latest release from the FinnGen consortium as the outcome of interest. The selection of instrumental variables conformed strictly to a series of preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), and weighted mode methods were used to assess the causal association. The Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis were conducted to identify heterogeneity and pleiotropy. At the phylum level, only Bacteroidetes was indicated to have causality on T1D (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01-1.53, = 0.044) in the IVW analysis. When it comes to their subcategories, Bacteroidia class (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06-1.53, = 0.009, = 0.085), Bacteroidales order (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06-1.53, = 0.009, = 0.085), and group genus (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.50-0.81, = 2.84×10 , = 0.031) were observed to have a causal relationship with T1D in the IVW analysis. No heterogeneity and pleiotropy were detected. The present study reports that Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroidia class, and Bacteroidales order causally increase T1D risk, whereas group genus, which belongs to the Firmicutes phylum, causally decreases T1D risk. Nevertheless, future studies are warranted to dissect the underlying mechanisms of specific bacterial taxa's role in the pathophysiology of T1D.

Background The addition of coronary artery calcium score (CACS) to prediction models has been verified to improve performance. Machine learning (ML) algorithms become important medical tools in an era of precision medicine, However, combined utility by CACS and ML algorithms in hypertensive patients to forecast obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is rare. Methods This retrospective study was composed of 1,273 individuals with hypertension and without a history of CAD, who underwent dual-source computed tomography evaluation. We applied five ML algorithms, coupled with clinical factors, imaging parameters, and CACS to construct predictive models. Moreover, 80% individuals were randomly taken as a training set on which 5-fold cross-validation was done and the remaining 20% were regarded as a validation set. Results 16.7% (212 out of 1,273) of hypertensive patients had obstructive CAD. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) posted the biggest area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.83 in five ML algorithms. Continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) was 0.55 (95% CI (0.39–0.71), p  < 0.001), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) was 0.04 (95% CI (0.01–0. 07), p  = 0.0048) when the XGBoost model was compared with traditional Models. In the subgroup analysis stratified by hypertension levels, XGBoost still had excellent performance. Conclusion The ML model incorporating clinical features and CACS may accurately forecast the presence of obstructive CAD on CCTA among hypertensive patients. XGBoost is superior to other ML algorithms.

To exhaustively explore the association of infant genetic polymorphisms of methionine synthase ( MTR ) gene with the risk of non-syndromic congenital heart disease (CHD). A hospital-based case–control study involving 620 CHD cases and 620 health controls was conducted from November 2017 to March 2020. Eighteen SNPs were detected and analyzed. Our date suggested that the genetic polymorphisms of MTR gene at rs1805087 (GG vs. AA: aOR = 6.85, 95% CI 2.94–15.96; the dominant model: aOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.35–2.32; the recessive model: aOR = 6.26, 95% CI 2.69–14.54; the addictive model: aOR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.44–2.29) and rs2275565 (GT vs. GG: aOR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.15–1.20; TT vs. GG: aOR = 4.93, 95% CI 1.93–12.58; the dominant model: aOR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.27–2.17; the recessive model: aOR = 4.41, 95% CI 1.73–11.22; the addictive model: aOR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.32–2.13) were significantly associated with the higher risk of CHD. And three haplotypes of G-A-T (involving rs4659724, rs95516 and rs4077829; OR = 5.48, 95% CI 2.58–11.66), G-C-A-T-T-G (involving rs2275565, rs1266164, rs2229276, rs4659743, rs3820571 and rs1050993; OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.63–0.97) and T-C-A-T-T-G (involving rs2275565, rs1266164, rs2229276, rs4659743, rs3820571 and rs1050993; OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.26–2.04) were observed to be significantly associated with risk of CHD. Our study found that genetic polymorphisms of MTR gene at rs1805087 and rs2275565 were significantly associated with higher risk of CHD. Additionally, our study revealed a significant association of three haplotypes with risk of CHD. However, the limitations in this study should be carefully taken into account. In the future, more specific studies in different ethnic populations are required to refine and confirm our findings. Trial registration: Registration number: ChiCTR1800016635; Date of first registration: 14/06/2018.

Background: Anemia remains an important public health problem worldwide. Investigating the potential influencing factors of anemia can provide a reference for improving anemia status. This study aimed to identify factors influencing anemia in school-age children and assess associations/causal relationships between micronutrients (vitamin A, vitamin D, iron, and zinc) and anemia risk. Methods: This study included 1725 school-age children. Factors associated with anemia were identified using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Associations of serum micronutrients with anemia were analyzed, and non-linear relationships were examined. Causality was assessed using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Results: Daytime outdoor activity, milk consumption, school location, picky eating, and serum ferritin deficiency were associated with anemia (p < 0.05). Higher serum vitamin A (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.548; Ptrend = 0.027) and higher serum ferritin (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.470; Q3 vs. Q1: OR = 0.609; Ptrend = 0.011) were inversely associated with anemia. RCS indicated a J-shaped non-linear relationship between serum ferritin and anemia risk. MR analysis showed that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (OR = 0.864, 95%CI: 0.757–0.986, p = 0.030), serum ferritin (OR = 0.656, 95%CI: 0.588–0.731, p < 0.001), and serum iron (OR = 0.793, 95%CI: 0.681–0.925, p = 0.003) significantly reduced anemia risk with the IVW method. Sensitivity analyses showed no heterogeneity, pleiotropy, or reverse causality. Conclusions: This study found that daytime outdoor activity time, weekly milk consumption frequency, school location, picky eating, and serum ferritin deficiency are closely associated with anemia in school-aged children. Additionally, serum vitamin A, vitamin D, serum iron, and serum ferritin levels are also linked to anemia. These findings collectively highlight the importance of lifestyle factors and specific micronutrients in influencing anemia among school-aged children, providing valuable insights for targeted prevention and intervention strategies. Future intervention trials focusing on these key factors could further validate their practical application value.

The time of acquiring remote sensing data was halved after the joint operation of Gao Fen-6 (GF-6) and Gao Fen-1 (GF-1) satellites. Meanwhile, GF-6 added four bands, including the “red-edge” band that can effectively reflect the unique spectral characteristics of crops. However, GF-1 data do not contain these bands, which greatly limits their application to crop-related joint monitoring. In this paper, we propose a spectral reconstruction network (SRT) based on Transformer and ResNet to reconstruct the missing bands of GF-1. SRT is composed of three modules: (1) The transformer feature extraction module (TFEM) fully extracts the correlation features between spectra. (2) The residual dense module (RDM) reconstructs local features and avoids the vanishing gradient problem. (3) The residual global construction module (RGM) reconstructs global features and preserves texture details. Compared with competing methods, such as AWAN, HRNet, HSCNN-D, and M2HNet, the proposed method proved to have higher accuracy by a margin of the mean relative absolute error (MRAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.022 and 0.009, respectively. It also achieved the best accuracy in supervised classification based on support vector machine (SVM) and spectral angle mapper (SAM).

Background Metastasis and recurrence, wherein circulating tumour cells (CTCs) play an important role, are the leading causes of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Metastasis-initiating CTCs manage to maintain intravascular survival under anoikis, immune attack, and importantly shear stress; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods In view of the scarcity of CTCs in the bloodstream, suspended colorectal cancer cells were flowed into the cyclic laminar shear stress (LSS) according to previous studies. Then, we detected these suspended cells with a CK8+/CD45−/DAPI+ phenotype and named them mimic circulating tumour cells (m-CTCs) for subsequent CTCs related researches. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were utilised to analyse gene expression change of m-CTCs sensitive to LSS stimulation. Additionally, we examined atonal bHLH transcription factor 8 (ATOH8) expressions in CTCs among 156 CRC patients and mice by fluorescence in situ hybridisation and flow cytometry. The pro-metabolic and pro-survival functions of ATOH8 were determined by glycolysis assay, live/dead cell vitality assay, anoikis assay, and immunohistochemistry. Further, the concrete up-and-down mechanisms of m-CTC survival promotion by ATOH8 were explored. Results The m-CTCs actively responded to LSS by triggering the expression of ATOH8, a fluid mechanosensor, with executive roles in intravascular survival and metabolism plasticity. Specifically, ATOH8 was upregulated via activation of VEGFR2/AKT signalling pathway mediated by LSS induced VEGF release. ATOH8 then transcriptionally activated HK2-mediated glycolysis, thus promoting the intravascular survival of colorectal cancer cells in the circulation. Conclusions This study elucidates a novel mechanism that an LSS triggered VEGF-VEGFR2-AKT-ATOH8 signal axis mediates m-CTCs survival, thus providing a potential target for the prevention and treatment of hematogenous metastasis in CRC.