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Pictures of the floating world : Ukiyo-eprints from the national collection
Catalogue of the exhibition 'Pictures of the Floating World: Ukiyo-e Prints from the National Collection' held from 19 December 2019 to 17 January 2010 at the National Museum of Fine Arts, Valletta. Ukiyo-e prints were a type of mass-produced art easily within reach of the public. Popular subjects include theatres, restaurants, teahouses, geisha and courtesans. Many Ukiyo-e prints were also used as posters to advertise theatre performances and brothels, idol portraits of popular actors and beautiful teahouse girls. The exhibition featured works by renowned artists such as Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849), Kitagawa Utamaro (1753-1806), Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858) and Toshusai Sharaku (active 1794-95)
Book
A self-assembled nanoscale robotic arm controlled by electric fields
Most nanoelectromechanical systems are formed by etching inorganic materials such as silicon. Kopperger et al. improved the precision of such machines by synthesizing a 25-nm-long arm defined by a DNA six-helix bundle connected to a 55 nm-by-55 nm DNA origami plate via flexible single-stranded scaffold crossovers (see the Perspective by Hogberg). When placed in a cross-shaped electrophoretic chamber, the arms could be driven at angular frequencies of up to 25 Hz and positioned to within 2.5 nm. The arm could be used to transport fluorophores and inorganic nanoparticles. Science , this issue p. 296 ; see also p. 279 An electrically driven DNA origami arm can exert piconewton forces and transport fluorophores and nanoparticles. The use of dynamic, self-assembled DNA nanostructures in the context of nanorobotics requires fast and reliable actuation mechanisms. We therefore created a 55-nanometer–by–55-nanometer DNA-based molecular platform with an integrated robotic arm of length 25 nanometers, which can be extended to more than 400 nanometers and actuated with externally applied electrical fields. Precise, computer-controlled switching of the arm between arbitrary positions on the platform can be achieved within milliseconds, as demonstrated with single-pair Förster resonance energy transfer experiments and fluorescence microscopy. The arm can be used for electrically driven transport of molecules or nanoparticles over tens of nanometers, which is useful for the control of photonic and plasmonic processes. Application of piconewton forces by the robot arm is demonstrated in force-induced DNA duplex melting experiments.
Journal Article
A Review on Computational Methods for Breast Cancer Detection in Ultrasound Images Using Multi-Image Modalities
Breast cancer is a kind of cancer that develops and propagates from tissues of the breast and slowly transcends the whole body, this type of tumor is found in both sexes. Early detection of this disease is very important as at this stage it can be controlled by giving patients the required treatment and their valuable life can be saved. Researchers and scientists according to various studies have found methods to detect cancer at the initial stages, however, misperception in identifying skeptical lesions can be due to poor image quality and diverse breast density. Breast cancer (BC) is still a major concern for world health, necessitating ongoing innovation in early diagnosis and detection. Breast cancer diagnosis has made significant strides in recent years, especially with the incorporation of multi-modal imaging modalities. This article provides a summary of the most recent methods and advancements in multi-modal imaging for the detection of breast cancer. When radiomics, a quantitative study of imaging data, is integrated with machine learning and deep learning algorithms, breast lesions have demonstrated potential. These techniques can help distinguish between benign and malignant tumours, providing physicians with crucial information.At various phases of breast cancer detection, new methods have been developed for enhancement, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification employing multiple picture modalities. This review paper‘s objective is to represent all prior research in the area of breast cancer categorization utilising many imaging modalities. This paper provides a thorough and rigorous examination of current trends in the field of BC detection and classification.
Journal Article
Institutional Betrayals as Sex Discrimination
Title IX jurisprudence has a theoretical and doctrinal inadequacy. Title IX's purpose is to protect public school students from sex discrimination in all its forms. Yet, courts have only recognized three relatively narrow forms of sex discrimination under it. Title IX jurisprudence, therefore, cannot effectively recognize as sex discrimination the independent injuries, called institutional betrayals, that schools impose on students because they have suffered sexual harassment. Institutional betrayals occur when schools betray students' trust in or dependency on them by failing to help students in the face of their sexual harassment. These injuries cause harms that can be more severe than those resulting from the original sexual harassment. Further, schools do not passively cause institutional betrayals; they impose them in three affirmative ways: Schools punish students for their sexual harassment, blame them for it, and communicate an automatic, default disbelief of students' harassment. Because Title IX's statutory mandate is broad-it prohibits sex discrimination without limitation-courts could recognize as sex discrimination the institutional betrayals that schools impose on students because of their status as survivors of sexual harassment. None of the three extant judicially created forms of sex discrimination under Title IX, however, has the capacity to meaningfully do so. When schools impose institutional betrayals, therefore, courts find that they do not violate Title IX. To remedy this jurisprudential failing, this Article develops a theory of institutional betrayals as a new form of sex discrimination under Title IX. Drawing on empirical research on institutional betrayals, this theory contends that when schools impose institutional betrayals, they hnowingly injure students because they have suffered gender-based harm. This Article also offers a framework for evaluating this new type of sex discrimination that would compel courts to assess institutional betrayals as sex discrimination. With such changes, Title IX jurisprudence would not only effectively recognize institutional betrayals as sex discrimination but also remedy their harms and better fulfill Title IX's protective purpose.
Journal Article
Impact of Faculty and Curriculum on Online Doctoral Integration: A Quantitative Perspective
[...]understanding the relevant role of student, faculty, and curriculum integration offers integral insight to help facilitate crucial college collaboration. The data analysis results revealed a more peer-centered sense of community in the online program, versus a face-to-face program. In an integrated literature review, Lehan, Hussey, and Hotz (2021) highlighted how consistency in the student-faculty relationship added a sense of community and was a positive factor in student persistence in their program. [...]by using the Distance Doctoral Program Integration Scale (DDPIS), program integration can be measured at any stage (Holmes and Rockinson-Szapkiw 2020).
Journal Article
Traumatic Injuries in Sexual Assault Patients in the Emergency Department
Introduction: The emergency department (ED) is at the forefront for treatment of sexual assault patients. Many require treatment for injuries sustained during the assault, ranging from mild to severe. Our objective in this study was to characterize types of injuries associated with sexual assault and identify associated factors. Methods: We reviewed ED charts from an inner-city trauma center and nearby community hospital from 2019-2020 for patients age ≥13 years with a chief complaint of sexual assault. We used descriptive statistics, chi square, and logistic regression to characterize demographics and identify factors associated with trauma. Results: A total of 157 patients met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 27.9 years old (range 13-79 years) and 92.4% were female. Adult patients (age >18 years) comprised 77.5% of assaults vs adolescents (age 13-18 years) at 22.3%. Most patients presented to the trauma center compared to the community hospital (69.4% vs 30.6%). The assailants were reported as 61.2% acquaintance, 22.9% stranger, and 15.9% intimate partner. A forensic rape kit was performed in 92 (58.6%) cases. The patient was intoxicated with alcohol in 39 (24.8%) cases, and 22 (14%) patients reported drug-facilitated assault where an unknown substance was given to them. Alcohol (P = 0.95) and drug-facilitated assault (P = 0.64) did not change the occurrence of injuries. Fifty-seven (36.3%) patients exhibited physical trauma on presentation. Forty-five (28.6%) patients had minor injuries of abrasions, lacerations, or contusions. Major trauma was defined as fracture, brain injury, hemorrhage, strangulation, or injury requiring surgical consultation. There were 12 patients with major trauma consisting of fracture injury or nonfatal strangulation. None of the patients required admission. Sexual assault by an intimate partner (odds ratio [OR] 2.6; 95% CI: 1.1-6.5) and being an adult patient compared to adolescent (OR 3.0; 95% CI, 1.1-7.7) was significantly associated with physical trauma. Sexual assault by an intimate partner was also associated with nonfatal strangulation (OR 4.0; 95% CI, 1.1-15.4). Conclusion: Physical injuries that resulted from sexual assault were mostly minor and occurred in 36% of rape victims. Intimate partner violence was found to be associated with physical trauma as well as nonfatal strangulation. Overall, this study helps us to understand key factors associated with sexual violence.
Journal Article
Learning and self-disclosure behavior on social networking sites: the case of Facebook users
This paper studies Facebook users' learning-based attitude formation and the relationship between member attitude and self-disclosure. Through the theoretical lens of learning theories, we recognize the key antecedents to member attitude toward a social networking as stemming from classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning-related factors. In addition, we explore the underlying process through which member attitude affects self-disclosure extent and theorize the mediating role of site usage rate on the relationship between attitude and self-disclosure extent. Analysis of 822 survey data results provides strong support for the role of learning theories in explaining Facebook members' attitude development. The results also confirm a significant, partial mediating effect of site usage rate. A series of post-hoc analyses on gender difference further reveal that attitude formation mechanisms remain constant between male and female Facebook users; gender difference exists on the association between attitude and self-disclosure extent and the association between site usage rate and self-disclosure extent; and the mediating effect of site usage rate exists in male user group only. Our research, therefore, contributes to the literature on social networking sites, as well as providing behavioral analysis useful to the service providers of these sites.
Journal Article
New Diterpenoids and Isocoumarin Derivatives from the Mangrove-Derived Fungus Hypoxylon sp
Two new diterpenoids, hypoxyterpoids A (1) and B (2), and four new isocoumarin derivatives, hypoxymarins A–D (4–7), together, with seven known metabolites (3 and 8–13) were obtained from the crude extract of the mangrove-derived fungus Hypoxylon sp. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1- and 2-dimensional (1D/2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis. The absolute configurations of compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 were determined by comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and the absolute configurations of C-4′ in 6 and C-9 in 7 were determined by [Rh2(OCOCF3)4]-induced ECD spectra. Compound 1 showed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 741.5 ± 2.83 μM. Compounds 6 and 11 exhibited DPPH scavenging activities with IC50 values of 15.36 ± 0.24 and 3.69 ± 0.07 μM, respectively.
Journal Article
Sintering of Cu particles baked by formic acid vapor for Cu–Cu low temperature bonding
Cu particles sintering is considered one of the most suitable connection technologies for power devices, but Cu has poor oxidation resistance and Cu oxides hinder the sintering process. In this paper, formic acid vapor is used for baking Cu paste to achieve high strength Cu–Cu joints at low temperature. The Cu–Cu joint of 33.9 MPa is obtained easily at 200 °C through baking by formic acid vapor at 130 °C for 15 min. Formic acid vapor effectively reduces the Cu oxides on the surface of the Cu particles, improving the sintering performance of the Cu paste. The effects of baking atmosphere, temperature and time on the shear strength on Cu–Cu joints are analyzed. Additionally, the mechanism of formic acid vapor in reducing the sintering temperature of Cu paste is investigated by the analysis of phase composition and thermal behavior. This work further expands the application of Cu paste in the packaging of high-power semiconductor devices.
Journal Article
Highly ordered polyaniline: synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties
Crystallization of semi-crystalline polyaniline has been attempted by altering conditions such as nature of dopant acid and nature of oxidant by a one-pot chemical polymerization method. The samples were characterized by an array of analytical techniques. Highly ordered arrangement with sharp peaks was present in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern when ultrasonication of monomer solution was performed for 2 h before the addition of ammonium persulfate. The emeraldine salt form of PANI was confirmed for this sample from FTIR and Raman spectroscopy measurements. Thermal stability of this sample has been evaluated. Aggregation of ordered chains of PANI was evident in the SEM image. As the sample showed a BET surface area of 24.31 m
2
/g, its electrochemical behavior was determined by performing cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge experiments. It was found to possess excellent electrochemical performances with a specific capacitance of 912.5 F g
−1
m
−1
.
Journal Article