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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), an important forage grass species in temperate regions, is genetically improved by population breeding. Although valued for their broad genetic base, the resulting synthetic varieties only partially exploit heterosis. Hybrid breeding offers opportunities to fix beneficial heterotic patterns more effectively and, hence, to increase the yield potential. A suspected bottleneck in the production of perennial ryegrass hybrids is the genetic intermixture of existing germplasm, impeding the definition of heterotic groups. In this study, selected parental populations of a diploid and tetraploid cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-based hybrid breeding program were characterized using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Hybrid populations, derived from 26 parental combinations of the tetraploid breeding program, were tested for yield performance and compared to synthetic varieties at five sites over four growing seasons. The hybrids significantly outperformed the synthetics by 4.15% on average for total dry matter yield. Additionally, GBS revealed the existence of sub-populations within the tetraploid CMS germplasm. This sub-population structure represents the untapped potential that could be exploited for heterosis to further increase biomass yields. Here, we show that CMS hybrids generate substantial yield gains in perennial ryegrass and provide a method to further improve hybrid breeding, using GBS to select for heterotic groups.

Immature pollen can be induced to switch developmental pathways from gametogenesis to embryogenesis and subsequently regenerate into homozygous, diploid plants. Such androgenic production of doubled haploids is particularly useful for species where inbreeding is hampered by effective self-incompatibility systems. Therefore, increasing the generally low androgenic capacity of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) germplasm would enable the efficient production of homozygous plant material, so that a more effective exploitation of heterosis through hybrid breeding schemes can be realized. Here, we present the results of a genome-wide association study in a heterozygous, multiparental population of perennial ryegrass (n = 391) segregating for androgenic capacity. Genotyping-by-sequencing was used to interrogate gene- dense genomic regions and revealed over 1,100 polymorphic sites. Between one and 10 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for anther response, embryo and total plant production, green and albino plant production and regeneration. Most traits were under polygenic control, although a major QTL on linkage group 5 was associated with green plant regeneration. Distinct genetic factors seem to affect green and albino plant recovery. Two intriguing candidate genes, encoding chromatin binding domains of the developmental phase transition regulator, Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, were identified. Our results shed the first light on the molecular mechanisms behind perennial ryegrass microspore embryogenesis and enable marker-assisted introgression of androgenic capacity into recalcitrant germplasm of this forage crop of global significance.

The starting point of this thesis is the hitherto under-explored relationship between Russian apocalypticism and formal fragmentation in Russian literary modernism, both prominent in an early twentiem-century climate of heightened religiosity and aestheticism. The project borrows Joseph Frank's theory of 'spatial form', which demonstrates how a text's temporal coordinate is suppressed by disruption of order, and postulates that this technique stems from the modern mood of existential crisis, attracted to the otherworldly and timeless. This analysis encounters more concrete resonances when applied to the eschatological perceptions of time and aspirations for religious experience via art in contemporary Russia. The project focuses on post-Revolutionary prose, taking Babel\"s Konarmiia, Platonov's Chevengur and Zoshchenko's Pered voskhodom solntsa as case studies. Given that the Revolution was widely depicted as an apocalyptic end, the subsequent 'post-apocalyptic' condition raises narratological and philosophical problems for texts, such as these, that engage with inherited, transformative models. Although the eschatological paradigm continues to play a crucial part in understanding the Revolution, it is inevitably affected by the passage of the purported End from future into past, as well as by the need to incorporate an atheistic twist into a myth deeply rooted in Orthodox Christian traditions. Such redefinitions of the apocalyptic paradigm can also be manifested in textual fragmentation. In this context the project draws on Frank Kermode's description of how increased non-linearity in narrative structures reflects a rise in the complexity of experience and scepticism toward the biblically-derived narrative, with an absolute beginning and end. Kermode thus offers an alternative to Frank's theory. Together, the two provide a framework for exploring the extents to which the collision of Russian messianism with the Revolution is experienced by modernist writers as a transcendent moment of timelessness, or a stimulus to deconstruct the paradigm.

The starting point of this thesis is the hitherto under-explored relationship between Russian apocalypticism and formal fragmentation in Russian literary modernism, both prominent in an early twentiem-century climate of heightened religiosity and aestheticism. The project borrows Joseph Frank's theory of 'spatial form', which demonstrates how a text's temporal coordinate is suppressed by disruption of order, and postulates that this technique stems from the modern mood of existential crisis, attracted to the otherworldly and timeless. This analysis encounters more concrete resonances when applied to the eschatological perceptions of time and aspirations for religious experience via art in contemporary Russia. The project focuses on post-Revolutionary prose, taking Babel\"s Konarmiia, Platonov's Chevengur and Zoshchenko's Pered voskhodom solntsa as case studies. Given that the Revolution was widely depicted as an apocalyptic end, the subsequent 'post-apocalyptic' condition raises narratological and philosophical problems for texts, such as these, that engage with inherited, transformative models. Although the eschatological paradigm continues to play a crucial part in understanding the Revolution, it is inevitably affected by the passage of the purported End from future into past, as well as by the need to incorporate an atheistic twist into a myth deeply rooted in Orthodox Christian traditions. Such redefinitions of the apocalyptic paradigm can also be manifested in textual fragmentation. In this context the project draws on Frank Kermode's description of how increased non-linearity in narrative structures reflects a rise in the complexity of experience and scepticism toward the biblically-derived narrative, with an absolute beginning and end. Kermode thus offers an alternative to Frank's theory. Together, the two provide a framework for exploring the extents to which the collision of Russian messianism with the Revolution is experienced by modernist writers as a transcendent moment of timelessness, or a stimulus to deconstruct the paradigm.

The effectiveness of recovery interventions following prolonged multiple sprint team sports matches has rarely been studied despite the potential for exercise-induced muscle damage to adversely affect training in the days following games. The lack of research related to this topic is probably owing to the wide variability that exists in the movement demands of players between matches and the impact that this has on the subsequent rate and magnitude of recovery which makes it difficult to detect meaningful differences when conducting research with small sample sizes. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to develop a rugby league-specific match simulation protocol that replicates the movement demands, physiological responses and subsequent recovery from matches in order to study the effectiveness of recovery interventions. Hence, two time-motion analysis studies were conducted using a semiautomated image recognition system to inform the development of the rugby league match simulation protocol (RLMSP). Whilst mean total distance covered over the duration of the match was 8,503 m, ball in play and stoppage work-to-rest ratios were 1:6.9 and 1:87.4, respectively, for all players. Furthermore, a significant decline in high and very high intensity running locomotive rates were observed between the initial and final 20 min periods of the match. Thus a RLMSP was devised to replicate the overall movement demands, intra-match fatigue and recovery from a senior elite rugby league match. Not only was there a low level of variability in the movement demands during the RLMSP over consecutive trials, but with the exception of creatine kinase, the rate and magnitude of recovery following the RLMSP was similar to that that has been published following competitive matches. Therefore, the RLMSP devised in this thesis may be a more appropriate research tool for assessing the effectiveness of recovery interventions following match related exercise than following actual match play.

The recent outbreak of a new coronavirus that causes a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in humans (SARS-CoV-2) has developed into a global pandemic with over 6 million reported cases and more than 375,000 deaths worldwide. Many countries have faced a shortage of diagnostic kits as well as a lack of infrastructure to perform necessary testing. Due to these limiting factors, only patients showing symptoms indicating infection were subjected to testing, whilst asymptomatic individuals, who are widely believed to be responsible for the fast dispersion of the virus, were largely omitted from the testing regimes. The inability to implement high throughput diagnostic and contact tracing strategies has forced many countries to institute lockdowns with severe economic and social consequences. The World Health Organization (WHO) has encouraged affected countries to increase testing capabilities to identify new cases, allow for a well-controlled lifting of lockdown measures, and prepare for future outbreaks. Here, we propose HiDRA-seq, a rapidly implementable, high throughput, and scalable solution that uses NGS lab infrastructure and reagents for population-scale SARS-CoV-2 testing. This method is based on the use of indexed oligo-dT primers to generate barcoded cDNA from a large number of patient samples. From this, highly multiplexed NGS libraries are prepared targeting SARS-CoV-2 specific regions and sequenced. The low amount of sequencing data required for diagnosis allows the combination of thousands of samples in a sequencing run, while reducing the cost to approximately 2 CHF/EUR/USD per RNA sample. Here, we describe in detail the first version of the protocol, which can be further improved in the future to increase its sensitivity and to identify other respiratory viruses or analyze individual genetic features associated with disease progression.

  Or maybe, you want to make a killing in the stock market. [...]you may be opening yourself up to opportunities. Lifelong learning is a common habit of longtime millionaires, and it should be one of your habits, too. 9. Timothy Sykes is an entrepreneur and a stock market expert, self-made millionaire stock trader, former hedge fund manager and author of the bestselling book \"An American Hedge Fund\".

With the right guidance, training and direction, mastering the stock market is within your reach, if you practice, practice, practice. [...]that you've made a decision that you want to get into the stock market, it's time to figure out how to go about it. Timothy Sykes is an entrepreneur and a stock market expert, self-made millionaire stock trader, former hedge fund manager and author of the bestselling book \"An American Hedge Fund\".

Fall in love with reading if you want to attain long term financial success. Timothy Sykes is an entrepreneur and a stock market expert, self-made millionaire stock trader, former hedge fund manager and author of the bestselling book \"An American Hedge Fund\".