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"Tan, J."
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Bolometer operating at the threshold for circuit quantum electrodynamics
Radiation sensors based on the heating effect of absorbed radiation are typically simple to operate and flexible in terms of input frequency, so they are widely used in gas detection
1
, security
2
, terahertz imaging
3
, astrophysical observations
4
and medical applications
5
. Several important applications are currently emerging from quantum technology and especially from electrical circuits that behave quantum mechanically, that is, circuit quantum electrodynamics
6
. This field has given rise to single-photon microwave detectors
7
–
9
and a quantum computer that is superior to classical supercomputers for certain tasks
10
. Thermal sensors hold potential for enhancing such devices because they do not add quantum noise and they are smaller, simpler and consume about six orders of magnitude less power than the frequently used travelling-wave parametric amplifiers
11
. However, despite great progress in the speed
12
and noise levels
13
of thermal sensors, no bolometer has previously met the threshold for circuit quantum electrodynamics, which lies at a time constant of a few hundred nanoseconds and a simultaneous energy resolution of the order of 10
h
gigahertz (where
h
is the Planck constant). Here we experimentally demonstrate a bolometer that operates at this threshold, with a noise-equivalent power of 30 zeptowatts per square-root hertz, comparable to the lowest value reported so far
13
, at a thermal time constant two orders of magnitude shorter, at 500 nanoseconds. Both of these values are measured directly on the same device, giving an accurate estimation of 30
h
gigahertz for the calorimetric energy resolution. These improvements stem from the use of a graphene monolayer with extremely low specific heat
14
as the active material. The minimum observed time constant of 200 nanoseconds is well below the dephasing times of roughly 100 microseconds reported for superconducting qubits
15
and matches the timescales of currently used readout schemes
16
,
17
, thus enabling circuit quantum electrodynamics applications for bolometers.
A thermal detector based on a graphene monolayer operates at the threshold for circuit quantum electrodynamics applications, achieving a minimum time constant of 200 ns.
Journal Article
Leader interpersonal and influence skills : the soft skills of leadership
\"This edited volume explores different models, conceptualizations, and measures of leader interpersonal and influence \"soft skills\" that are so necessary for effective leadership. These include the communication skills, persuasion skills, political savvy, and emotional abilities used by leaders to inspire, motivate, and move followers toward the accomplishment of goals. The book emanates from the two-day-long 21st Kravis-de Roulet leadership conference, which brought together top scholars working in this area. The intent of the conference and this edited volume is to increase understanding of the interpersonal and influence skills, or \"soft skills,\" of the leader, to highlight state-of-the-art research on the topic, and to provide clear, research-based guidelines for the development of leader skills.Chapter authors are recognized experts in their respective areas, and each section of the book will be introduced by an editor-authored chapter reviewing the specific topic area in brief\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Molecular Characteristics of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity and Therapeutic Interventions
Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent with proven efficacy in treating various malignancies, including testicular, ovarian, cervical, breast, bladder, head and neck, and lung cancer. Cisplatin is also used to treat tumors in children, such as neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, and hepatoblastoma. However, its clinical use is limited by severe side effects, including ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, and retinal toxicity. Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity manifests as irreversible, bilateral, high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss in 40–60% of adults and in up to 60% of children. Hearing loss can lead to social isolation, depression, and cognitive decline in adults, and speech and language developmental delays in children. Cisplatin causes hair cell death by forming DNA adducts, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation, culminating in programmed cell death by apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, or ferroptosis. Contemporary medical interventions for cisplatin ototoxicity are limited to prosthetic devices, such as hearing aids, but these have significant limitations because the cochlea remains damaged. Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first therapy, sodium thiosulfate, to prevent cisplatin-induced hearing loss in pediatric patients with localized, non-metastatic solid tumors. Other pharmacological treatments for cisplatin ototoxicity are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development. This narrative review aims to highlight the molecular mechanisms involved in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, focusing on cochlear inflammation, and shed light on potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic interventions to prevent or mitigate the ototoxic effects of cisplatin. We conducted a comprehensive literature search (Google Scholar, PubMed) focusing on publications in the last five years.
Journal Article
Signs of Social Class
By some accounts, global economic inequality is at its highest point on record. The pernicious effects of this broad societal trend are striking: Rising inequality is linked to poorer health and well-being across countries, continents, and cultures. The economic and psychological forces that perpetuate inequality continue to be studied, and in this theoretical review, we examine the role of daily experiences of economic inequality—the communication of social class signals between interaction partners—in this process. We theorize that social class signals activate social comparison processes that strengthen group boundaries between the haves and have nots in society. In particular, we argue that class signals are a frequent, rapid, and accurate component of person perception, and we provide new data and analyses demonstrating the accuracy of class signaling in 60-s interactions, Facebook photographs, and isolated recordings of brief speech. We suggest that barriers to the reduction of economic inequality in society arise directly from this class signaling process through the augmentation of class boundaries and the elicitation of beliefs and behaviors that favor the economic status quo.
Journal Article
A revisit to the atomic decomposition of weighted Hardy spaces
The purpose of this paper is to present a new atomic decomposition for a dense class of weighted Hardy spaces Hwp(Rn) via the discrete Calderón-type reproducing formula and the weighted Littlewood–Paley–Stein theory, where w∈A∞ is a Muckenhoupt's weight and 0
Journal Article
Far-field coupling between moiré photonic lattices
Superposing two or more periodic structures to form moiré patterns is emerging as a promising platform to confine and manipulate light. However, moiré-facilitated interactions and phenomena have been constrained to the vicinity of moiré lattices. Here we report on the observation of ultralong-range coupling between photonic lattices in bilayer and multilayer moiré architectures mediated by dark surface lattice resonances in the vertical direction. We show that two-dimensional plasmonic nanoparticle lattices enable twist-angle-controlled directional lasing emission, even when the lattices are spatially separated by distances exceeding three orders of magnitude of lattice periodicity. Our discovery of far-field interlattice coupling opens the possibility of using the out-of-plane dimension for optical manipulation on the nanoscale and microscale.
An ultralong-range coupling was demonstrated between photonic lattices in bilayer and multilayer moiré architectures, which is mediated by dark surface lattice resonances in the vertical direction.
Journal Article
Mass absorption efficiency of elemental carbon and water-soluble organic carbon in Beijing, China
The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of elemental carbon (EC) in Beijing was quantified using a thermal-optical carbon analyzer. The MAE measured at 632 nm was 8.45±1.71 and 9.41±1.92 m2 g−1 during winter and summer respectively. The daily variation of MAE was found to coincide with the abundance of organic carbon (OC), especially the OC to EC ratio, perhaps due to the enhancement by coating with organic aerosol (especially secondary organic aerosol, SOA) or the artifacts resulting from the redistribution of liquid-like organic particles during the filter-based absorption measurements. Using a converting approach that accounts for the discrepancy caused by measurements methods of both light absorption and EC concentration, previously published MAE values were converted to the equivalent-MAE, which is the estimated value if using the same measurement methods as used in this study. The equivalent-MAE was found to be much lower in the regions heavily impacted by biomass burning (e.g., below 2.7 m2 g−1 for two Indian cities). Results from source samples (including diesel exhaust samples and biomass smoke samples) also demonstrated that emissions from biomass burning would decrease the MAE of EC. Moreover, optical properties of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in Beijing were presented. Light absorption by WSOC exhibited strong wavelength (λ) dependence such that absorption varied approximately as λ−7, which was characteristic of the brown carbon spectra. The MAE of WSOC (measured at 365 nm) was 1.79±0.24 and 0.71±0.20 m2 g−1 during winter and summer respectively. The large discrepancy between the MAE of WSOC during winter and summer was attributed to the difference in the precursors of SOA such that anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) should be more important as the precursors of SOA in winter. The MAE of WSOC in Beijing was much higher than results from the southeastern United States which were obtained using the same method as used in this study, perhaps due to the stronger emissions of biomass burning in China.
Journal Article
Personalized dose selection platform for patients with solid tumors in the PRECISE CURATE.AI feasibility trial
In oncology, the conventional reliance on the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) strategy for chemotherapy may not optimize treatment outcomes for individual patients. CURATE.AI is an AI-derived platform that utilizes a patient’s own, small dataset to dynamically personalize only their own dose recommendations. The primary objective of this feasibility trial was to assess the logistical and scientific feasibility of providing dynamically personalized AI-derived chemotherapy dose recommendations for patients with advanced solid tumors at/for treatment with single-agent capecitabine, capecitabine in combination with oxaliplatin (XELOX), or capecitabine in combination with irinotecan (XELIRI). CURATE.AI demonstrated adaptability to clinically relevant situations encountered by patients often treated with palliative intent of care. High rates of user adherence were demonstrated, which could be in part due to the high engagement of the physicians in selecting data and boundaries for CURATE.AI operations.
Journal Article
Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Alloys: A Review
Additive manufacturing (AM), often termed 3D printing, has recently emerged as a mainstream means of producing metallic components from a variety of metallic alloys. The numerous benefits of AM include net shape manufacturing, efficient use of material, suitability to low volume production runs, and the ability to explore alloy compositions not previously accessible to conventional casting. The process of AM, which is nominally performed using laser (or electron) based local melting, has a definitive role in the resultant alloy microstructure. Herein, the corrosion of alloys prepared by AM using laser and electron-based methods, relating the corrosion performance to the microstructural features influenced by AM processing, are reviewed. Such features include unique porosity, grain structures, dislocation networks, residual stress, solute segregation, and surface roughness. Correlations between reported results and deficiencies in present understanding are highlighted.
Journal Article