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"Tiwari, Sandeep"
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Green information and communication systems for a sustainable future
\"This book includes the fundamental concepts, applications, algorithms, protocols, new trends, challenges, and research results in the area of Green Information and Communication Systems. It is a resource that offers knowledge on core and specialized issues, making it highly suitable for both the new and the experienced researcher in the field. The book covers network design theoretical and practical perspectives. It includes how Green ICT initiatives and applications can play a major role in reducing CO2 emissions, and focuses on industry and how it can promote awareness and implementation of Green ICT. The book discusses scholarship and research in green and sustainable IT for business and organizations and uses the power of IT to usher sustainable in other parts of an organization. The book is for business and management educators, management researchers, doctoral scholars, university teaching personnel, policy makers as well as higher academic research organizations. It is also a good resource for Industrial and Management training organizations all over the world\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Long-COVID and Post-COVID Health Complications: An Up-to-Date Review on Clinical Conditions and Their Possible Molecular Mechanisms
The COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions worldwide, leaving a global burden for long-term care of COVID-19 survivors. It is thus imperative to study post-COVID (i.e., short-term) and long-COVID (i.e., long-term) effects, specifically as local and systemic pathophysiological outcomes of other coronavirus-related diseases (such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)) were well-cataloged. We conducted a comprehensive review of adverse post-COVID health outcomes and potential long-COVID effects. We observed that such adverse outcomes were not localized. Rather, they affected different human systems, including: (i) immune system (e.g., Guillain–Barré syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndromes such as Kawasaki disease), (ii) hematological system (vascular hemostasis, blood coagulation), (iii) pulmonary system (respiratory failure, pulmonary thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, pulmonary vascular damage, pulmonary fibrosis), (iv) cardiovascular system (myocardial hypertrophy, coronary artery atherosclerosis, focal myocardial fibrosis, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy), (v) gastrointestinal, hepatic, and renal systems (diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia, acid reflux, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, lack of appetite/constipation), (vi) skeletomuscular system (immune-mediated skin diseases, psoriasis, lupus), (vii) nervous system (loss of taste/smell/hearing, headaches, spasms, convulsions, confusion, visual impairment, nerve pain, dizziness, impaired consciousness, nausea/vomiting, hemiplegia, ataxia, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage), (viii) mental health (stress, depression and anxiety). We additionally hypothesized mechanisms of action by investigating possible molecular mechanisms associated with these disease outcomes/symptoms. Overall, the COVID-19 pathology is still characterized by cytokine storm that results to endothelial inflammation, microvascular thrombosis, and multiple organ failures.
Journal Article
Aqueous Sol–Gel Nano-coating of Titanium Dioxide on Cotton and Silk Fabrics for Self-Cleaning and UV Protection Finish
Multifunctional and durable nano-coating of titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) on cotton and silk fabric surface has been achieved via sol–gel method in aqueous medium at room temperature. The nanosol is coated on fabric surface by pad-dry-cure method using 1% acrylic binder to achieve durable coating. The coated fabrics are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The performance of the coated fabrics against self-cleaning efficiency and UV protection is evaluated. The self-cleaning efficiency is assessed against the artificial stain of Schezwan chutney, coffee, Coca-Cola, and turmeric. Maximum stain removal efficiency is achieved with coffee stain with 81.25% and 96.63% for cotton and silk fabrics, respectively, after exposure to 20 h of sunlight. However, tensile strength and elongation of the coated fabrics decrease after the exposure to sunlight. The average size of the TiO
2
particles formulated in the nanosol is found to be about 5 nm which is sufficient for scattering the UV radiation from the textile surface. The self-cleaning effect and UPF of nanosol-treated silk fabric are found to be better than that of cotton fabric. UPF of treated cotton and silk fabric is found to be 53.87 and 61.79, respectively.
Journal Article
Immunoinformatics Design of Multi-Epitope Peptide-Based Vaccine Against Schistosoma mansoni Using Transmembrane Proteins as a Target
Schistosomiasis remains a serious health issue nowadays for an estimated one billion people in 79 countries around the world. Great efforts have been made to identify good vaccine candidates during the last decades, but only three molecules reached clinical trials so far. The reverse vaccinology approach has become an attractive option for vaccine design, especially regarding parasites like Schistosoma spp. that present limitations for culture maintenance. This strategy also has prompted the construction of multi-epitope based vaccines, with great immunological foreseen properties as well as being less prone to contamination, autoimmunity, and allergenic responses. Therefore, in this study we applied a robust immunoinformatics approach, targeting S. mansoni transmembrane proteins, in order to construct a chimeric antigen. Initially, the search for all hypothetical transmembrane proteins in GeneDB provided a total of 584 sequences. Using the PSORT II and CCTOP servers we reduced this to 37 plasma membrane proteins, from which extracellular domains were used for epitope prediction. Nineteen common MHC-I and MHC-II binding epitopes, from eight proteins, comprised the final multi-epitope construct, along with suitable adjuvants. The final chimeric multi-epitope vaccine was predicted as prone to induce B-cell and IFN-γ based immunity, as well as presented itself as stable and non-allergenic molecule. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics foresee stable interactions between the putative antigen and the immune receptor TLR 4. Our results indicate that the multi-epitope vaccine might stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses and could be a potential vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis.
Journal Article
Consolidative radiation in partial responders/unresectable/recurrent disease after first-line/salvage chemotherapy in poor-risk nonseminomatous germ cell tumor prolongs survival: A new paradigm?
ABSTRACT
The role of radiotherapy (RT) in partial radiographic response (PR)/unresectable has not been evaluated earlier in nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT). Can the PR/unresectable be treated with consolidation RT instead of surgery? This approach will allow avoidance of surgical morbidity and be an additional tool for treatment. We report a series of five cases with poor prognosis NSGCT, who were treated with consolidation RT after PR/un-resectable disease and complete serum marker decline. The median survival of these patients was 52 months (range 21-112 months).
Journal Article
Potential chimeric peptides to block the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations
Background: There are no known medicines or vaccines to control the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (nCoV). Antiviral peptides are superior to conventional drugs and may also be effective against COVID-19. Hence, we investigated the SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor-binding domain (nCoV-RBD) that interacts with hACE2 for viral attachment and entry.
Methods: Three strategies and bioinformatics approaches were employed to design potential nCoV-RBD - hACE2 interaction-blocking peptides that may restrict viral attachment and entry. Firstly, the key residues interacting with nCoV-RBD - hACE2 are identified and hACE2 sequence-based peptides are designed. Second, peptides from five antibacterial peptide databases that block nCoV-RBD are identified; finally, a chimeric peptide design approach is used to design peptides that can bind to key nCoV-RBD residues. The final peptides are selected based on their physiochemical properties, numbers and positions of key residues binding, binding energy, and antiviral properties.
Results: We found that: (i) three amino acid stretches in hACE2 interact with nCoV-RBD; (ii) effective peptides must bind to three key positions of nCoV-RBD (Gly485/Phe486/Asn487, Gln493, and Gln498/Thr500/Asn501); (iii) Phe486, Gln493, and Asn501 are critical residues; (iv) AC20 and AC23 derived from hACE2 may block two key critical positions; (iv) DBP6 identified from databases can block the three sites of the nCoV-RBD and interacts with one critical position, Gln498; (v) seven chimeric peptides were considered promising, among which cnCoVP-3, cnCoVP-4, and cnCoVP-7 are the top three; and (vi) cnCoVP-4 meets all the criteria and is the best peptide.
Conclusions: To conclude, using three different bioinformatics approaches, we identified 17 peptides that can potentially bind to the nCoV-RBD that interacts with hACE2. Binding these peptides to nCoV-RBD may potentially inhibit the virus to access hACE2 and thereby may prevent the infection. Out of 17, 10 peptides have promising potential and need further experimental validation.
Journal Article
THE ROLE OF EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT IN MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN INTER-STATE CAUSAL ANALYSIS
This study explores the intricate and dynamic relationship between economic growth and medical and public health spending in the major Indian states.This paper offers a thorough econometric analysis covering the years 1980–81 to 2021–22, based on forty years of secondary data from the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) annual publications, including State Finances: A study of Budgets and various RBI Bulletins.Time-series stationarity is checked using the Phillips-Perron and Augmented Dickey-Fuller tests to guarantee methodological rigor. As a dynamic measure of state-level economic performance, the Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) captures economic growth.The study uses advanced econometric methods, such as the Toda-Yamamoto causality test and the Johansen Cointegration Test, to clarify the direction and degree of causation between economic growth and medical and health spending. Key findings show complex interrelationships between states: Assam and Jammu and Kashmir show a unidirectional causal relation between NSDP and health spending, indicating that economic growth is the primary driver of health expenditure in both states. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, and the entire country of India exhibit inverse unidirectionality (from health expenditure to NSDP), suggesting that strategic health spending can promote economic growth.Furthermore, only in Uttar Pradesh is bidirectional causality where each variable effects the othersfound, indicating a feedback loop between economic growth and health spending.In contrast, during the study period, no significant causation was found in Bihar, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha. The study emphasizes the significance of approaching health spending management as a component of the states' larger political economy rather than as a separate sector. It ends with a strong policy recommendation: governments should give priority to the medical and public health sectors management through targeted investments, systemic changes, and public-private partnerships in situations where spending on these areas clearly increases NSDP. With this perspective, health should not only be seen as a welfare measure but also as a strategic pillar of human capital and long-term economic growth.
Journal Article
The Spike of SARS-CoV-2: Uniqueness and Applications
The Spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is critical for its ability to attach and fuse into the host cells, leading to infection, and transmission. In this review, we have initially performed a meta-analysis of keywords associated with the S protein to frame the outline of important research findings and directions related to it. Based on this outline, we have reviewed the structure, uniqueness, and origin of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the interactions of the Spike protein with host and its implications in COVID-19 pathogenesis, as well as drug and vaccine development, are discussed. We have also summarized the recent advances in detection methods using S protein-based RT-PCR, ELISA, point‐of‐care lateral flow immunoassay, and graphene-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors. Finally, we have also discussed the emerging Spike mutants and the efficacy of the Spike-based vaccines against those strains. Overall, we have covered most of the recent advances on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and its possible implications in countering this virus.
Journal Article
The pan-genome of Treponema pallidum reveals differences in genome plasticity between subspecies related to venereal and non-venereal syphilis
Background
Spirochetal organisms of the
Treponema
genus are responsible for causing Treponematoses. Pathogenic treponemes is a Gram-negative, motile, spirochete pathogen that causes syphilis in human.
Treponema pallidum
subsp.
endemicum
(TEN) causes endemic syphilis (bejel);
T. pallidum
subsp.
pallidum
(TPA) causes venereal syphilis;
T. pallidum
subsp. pertenue (TPE) causes yaws; and
T. pallidum
subsp.
Ccarateum
causes pinta. Out of these four high morbidity diseases, venereal syphilis is mediated by sexual contact; the other three diseases are transmitted by close personal contact. The global distribution of syphilis is alarming and there is an increasing need of proper treatment and preventive measures. Unfortunately, effective measures are limited.
Results
Here, the genome sequences of 53
T. pallidum
strains isolated from different parts of the world and a diverse range of hosts were comparatively analysed using pan-genomic strategy. Phylogenomic, pan-genomic, core genomic and singleton analysis disclosed the close connection among all strains of the pathogen
T. pallidum
, its clonal behaviour and showed increases in the sizes of the pan-genome. Based on the genome plasticity analysis of the subsets containing the subspecies
T pallidum
subsp.
pallidum
,
T. pallidum
subsp.
endemicum
and
T. pallidum
subsp.
pertenue
, we found differences in the presence/absence of pathogenicity islands (PAIs) and genomic islands (GIs) on subsp.-based study.
Conclusions
In summary, we identified four pathogenicity islands (PAIs), eight genomic islands (GIs) in subsp.
pallidum
, whereas subsp.
endemicum
has three PAIs and seven GIs and subsp.
pertenue
harbours three PAIs and eight GIs. Concerning the presence of genes in PAIs and GIs, we found some genes related to lipid and amino acid biosynthesis that were only present in the subsp. of
T. pallidum,
compared to
T. pallidum
subsp.
endemicum
and
T. pallidum
subsp.
pertenue
.
Journal Article
Development and validation of a deprescribing tool relevant to older persons in India using modified Delphi consensus technique
Background
Polypharmacy is common in older persons, and some of the prescribed drugs may be potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), whose risks outweigh their benefits. It is therefore necessary to review medication intake of older patients and deprescribe the ones that are not appropriate. Although there are many tools for deprescribing, none of these have been developed for the Indian context, where there is widespread use of fixed dose combinations (FDCs), medicines from different systems of medicines, and different levels of healthcare. Also, some of the medications listed in existing tools are not marketed in India, while some which are commonly prescribed in the country are not listed in the tools. We therefore undertook to develop a deprescribing tool for the older persons in India.
Methods
A draft deprescribing tool was developed through a modified Delphi consensus process by 18 panellists. Item level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale level content validity index (S-CVI) were calculated from the Delphi round 1 and 2 responses. In addition, face and content validity of the tool was carried out by 6 experts and content validity ratio (CVR’) and I-CVI were calculated.
Results
Our draft Deprescribing tool included 63 drugs/groups organized in three sections-drugs/drug groups to avoid generally in all older patients (39 items), herb-drug interactions (5 interactions) and drugs which should be avoided in renal dysfunction (15 allopathic and 4 herbal medicines). After Delphi process and tool validation, ten drugs/drug groups were removed due to CVR’ value < 0.62 or I-CVI value < 0.67, and recommendations and/or alternatives were modified for nine drugs/groups, so that the final the tool includes 52 items – 30 drugs/drug groups to be avoided in all older persons, 7 herb-drug interactions and 15 drugs to be avoided in renal dysfunction. The scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.87 for the entire tool, which is higher than the generally acceptable 0.8.
Conclusion
A deprescribing tool containing drugs/drug groups commonly prescribed and relevant for the older persons in India, including important herb-drug interactions, and restricted to drugs available and prescribed in India, has been developed through the Delphi process followed by tool validation.
Journal Article