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The pan-genome of Treponema pallidum reveals differences in genome plasticity between subspecies related to venereal and non-venereal syphilis
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The pan-genome of Treponema pallidum reveals differences in genome plasticity between subspecies related to venereal and non-venereal syphilis
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Journal Article
The pan-genome of Treponema pallidum reveals differences in genome plasticity between subspecies related to venereal and non-venereal syphilis
2020
Overview
Background
Spirochetal organisms of the
Treponema
genus are responsible for causing Treponematoses. Pathogenic treponemes is a Gram-negative, motile, spirochete pathogen that causes syphilis in human.
Treponema pallidum
subsp.
endemicum
(TEN) causes endemic syphilis (bejel);
T. pallidum
subsp.
pallidum
(TPA) causes venereal syphilis;
T. pallidum
subsp. pertenue (TPE) causes yaws; and
T. pallidum
subsp.
Ccarateum
causes pinta. Out of these four high morbidity diseases, venereal syphilis is mediated by sexual contact; the other three diseases are transmitted by close personal contact. The global distribution of syphilis is alarming and there is an increasing need of proper treatment and preventive measures. Unfortunately, effective measures are limited.
Results
Here, the genome sequences of 53
T. pallidum
strains isolated from different parts of the world and a diverse range of hosts were comparatively analysed using pan-genomic strategy. Phylogenomic, pan-genomic, core genomic and singleton analysis disclosed the close connection among all strains of the pathogen
T. pallidum
, its clonal behaviour and showed increases in the sizes of the pan-genome. Based on the genome plasticity analysis of the subsets containing the subspecies
T pallidum
subsp.
pallidum
,
T. pallidum
subsp.
endemicum
and
T. pallidum
subsp.
pertenue
, we found differences in the presence/absence of pathogenicity islands (PAIs) and genomic islands (GIs) on subsp.-based study.
Conclusions
In summary, we identified four pathogenicity islands (PAIs), eight genomic islands (GIs) in subsp.
pallidum
, whereas subsp.
endemicum
has three PAIs and seven GIs and subsp.
pertenue
harbours three PAIs and eight GIs. Concerning the presence of genes in PAIs and GIs, we found some genes related to lipid and amino acid biosynthesis that were only present in the subsp. of
T. pallidum,
compared to
T. pallidum
subsp.
endemicum
and
T. pallidum
subsp.
pertenue
.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Analysis
/ Animal Genetics and Genomics
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Comparative and evolutionary genomics
/ Datasets
/ Disease
/ Diseases
/ DNA
/ Genes
/ Genomes
/ Genomics
/ Islands
/ Lipids
/ Microbial Genetics and Genomics
/ Pinta
/ Sexually transmitted diseases
/ STD
/ Syphilis
/ Vaccines
/ Yaws
