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The synthetic function‐spacer‐lipid (FSL) amphiphile biotin‐CMG‐DOPE is widely used for delicate ligation of living cells with biotin residues under physiological conditions. Since this molecule has an “apolar‐polar‐hydrophobic” gemini structure, the supramolecular organization is expected to differ significantly from the classical micelle. Its organization is investigated with experimental methods and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). Although the linear length of a single biotin‐CMG‐DOPE molecule is 9.5 nm, the size of the dominant supramer globule is only 14.6 nm. Investigations found that while the DOPE tails form a hydrophobic core, the polar CMG spacer folds back upon itself and predominantly places the biotin reside inside the globule or planar layer. MDS demonstrates that <10 % of biotin residues on the highly water dispersible globules and only 1 % of biotin residues in layer coatings are in an linear conformation and exposing biotin into the aqueous medium. This explains why in biotin‐CMG‐DOPE apolar biotin residues both in water dispersible globules and coatings on solid surfaces are still capable of interacting with streptavidin. Binding cells together: Gemini amphiphile biotin‐CMG‐DOPE when coated on a surface forms a monolayer where quite non‐polar biotin residues are hidden in the hydrophobic DOPE zone, however ∼1 % of biotins are able to dynamically pop‐up and, therefore, bind to streptavidin.

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Nicolai Bovin from the Russian Academy of Sciences. The cover picture shows how a biotin residue initially hidden in a monolayer formed on the surface of a material by biot‐CMG‐DOPE (see top left) is pulled out of the layer by the streptavidin molecule (Str) that has come close to it (see below). This can be considered as a model of certain events (in particular, cis protein‐ligand interactions) occurring on the surface of a living cell when it is necessary to hide the ligand from undesirable interactions, but leave the possibility of its recognition by a high‐affinity protein. The picture is inspired by the legendary Yellow Submarine cartoon. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.201900276. “…In real‐life biology, this is an ordinary scenario. For scientists, it is practically unexplored… Find out more about the story behind the front cover research at 10.1002/open.201900276.

This article presents analysis of the impact of a recreational and health-promoting program with elements of football on the physical condition of 6-year-old children at preschool educational institutions. The pedagogical experiment involved thirty-six 6-year-old boys who attended additional classes with elements of football 3 times a week. The experiment was conducted at Chernivtsi Children's and Youth School No. 1; the classes were held by qualified football coaches with more than 10 years of experience in teaching at sports schools for children and youth. Research methods. Theoretical analysis of specialized scientific and methodical literature, anthropometric methods, physiological methods, confirmatory pedagogical tests. The study was conducted in full compliance with all requirements of bioethics. Findings. The performed experiment showed that most older preschoolers suffered from disharmony in physical development. This study confirmed boys' biological development disorders and deviations in posture and musculoskeletal system. The use of various activities significantly improved the condition of visual analyzer. Thus, the binocular vision of boys improved by 27.8 % (p < 0.05), and visual acuity increased by 16.6 % (p < 0.05). We assessed changes in the condition of boys' foot arch after the program and observed an increase in the share of children with a normal foot arch, i.e., by 25.0 % (p < 0.05) for the right foot and by 19.5 % (p < 0.05) for the left foot. Regular football classes positively affected the adaptive capabilities of an organism to physical loads. Summary. The proposed program can be used in the practical work by children's and youth sports school coaches, specialists working at preschool educational institutions, instructors, and teachers.

Given the steady decline in physical activity among schoolchildren and due to quarantine restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, there is a threatening trend of declining levels of their physical health. Lately, the world has undergone significant changes, namely the emergence of the Covid-19 virus, which marked all human lives. Under the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, physical fitness is essential for preventing physical and mental health problems among schoolchildren. This requires scholars to develop preventive measures aimed at increasing the body's resistance to disease. Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted in Chernivtsi specialized school with physical and mathematical profile ? 6. The experiment involved 36 boys who attended a club in orienteering. They belong to the main medical group. They have been introduced to the specially designed 234-hour orienteering-based program which included theoretical and practical classes, most of which were conducted outdoors in a variety of landforms. We used active and interactive forms of training, technical means, information and communication technologies of training, which contained topographic computer programs, orienteering simulators (computer games \"Catching Features\", \"Virtual-O\"). Results. The results of the study indicate positive changes demonstrated by the 11-year-old boys under the influence of orienteering. At the end of the pedagogical experiment, we observed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05; p<0.01) in the dynamics of the right-hand dynamometer, resting heart rate, lung vital capacity, and Rufier index. The indicators of cognitive functions, in particular, the amount of short-term memory had significantly (p <0.01) improved among 11-year-old boys by 83.2 % (p<0.01), and the rate of information processing improved by 101.1 bits (p<0, 01). Moreover, the indicator which characterizes the coordination abilities of boys underwent the greatest changes. The average result for orienteers improved by 6.9 s, which was 90.7 % (p<0.01). The most positive changes were observed in motor tests, which characterize dexterity, strength, endurance and speed-power qualities. A statistically significant difference was observed among children when they were performing the tests, such as shuttle runs 4x9 m (p<0.05); long jump (p<0.05); running without taking into account the timing (p <0,01); flexion, an extension of the arms in the supine position (p<0,01), as well as special physical training in overcoming the distance in orienteering at 8 checkpoints. Conclusions. The obtained results testify to the effectiveness of the proposed program based on the innovative forms of orienteering applied to the group of 11-year-old boys. Thus, the proposed program should be included in the organisational and methodological support of health and recreational activities in out-of-school educational institutions of tourism and local lore during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The goal of this research is to determine the structure and amount of physical activity for 11-14-yearold children during curricular and extracurricular hours. Research data: the research involves 252 fifth to ninth grade students ages 11-14 (122 boys and 130 girls) from general education schools in Chernivtsi, Ukraine. A technique developed by scientists from the Framingham State University (physical activity timing) is used to evaluate the level of physical activity. Findings: low-level physical activity has been found to prevail in children of all age groups of interest during curricular and extracurricular hours.

The article deals with the results of the study of the physical fitness of students aged 13-14 years, including such motor qualities: speed, agility, flexibility, endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities. The aim of the work is to determine and evaluate the indicators of physical fitness of the secondary-school-age children who attend only physical education classes according to the school curriculum. The study involved 324 people, including 161 girls and 163 boys, the students under study were 13-14 years old. The results obtained in the course of the study were compared with the control standards of school tests. The analysis of the results of pedagogical testing made it possible to determine the leading and insufficiently developed motor qualities in the students studied and to make an analysis of the level of physical fitness. We found out that in students of the 7th grade 51.8 % of boys and 1.5 % of girls correspond to a low level of agility; 40.7% of boys and 10.4 % of girls correspond to a low level of strength qualities; 31.5% of boys and 38.8% of girls have a low level of speed; 9.3 % of boys and 34.3 % of girls have a low level of flexibility; there is a low level of endurance in 3.7 % of boys and in 16.4 % of girls. Analysing the level of development of motor qualities in schoolchildren of the 7th and 8th grade, we came to the conclusion that the overwhelming majority of students had individual results at an average and low levels, although there is a positive dynamics of improvement with age. The received data can be an orienting point for the physical fitness improvement and correction of its level in the process of physical education.

Any type of activity requires learning of physical movements. However, only in physical education and sport, mastering of physical movements is the core of training, because in this case physical movement acts as an object, a means, and a goal of improvement. In sports, training has its own peculiar features, the essence of which is that the bulk of the new material is learned by mastering a variety of physical movements in the form of physical exercises. The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology of physical movement training in volleyball using the fundamentals of the education activity theory and developmental training and to test the methodology's effectiveness in experimental work. The results of the pedagogical experiment were analyzed. The experiment was conducted to test the effectiveness of the developed approach for training of physical movements in volleyball and to check the level of knowledge of the basics of the techniques. In addition, the effects of the developed methodology on the ability of young volleyball players to differentiate their physical movements and the effects on their physical fitness were shown. In this study, an attempt was made to identify methods for solving the most important tasks of the trainer. Using the main points of the activity theory in education and developmental training, training children in the necessary techniques is faster and more efficient compared with traditional methods. In addition to directly teaching volleyball techniques, the experiment developed personality and mental abilities of children. For this purpose, trainees mastered the fundamentals of learning activities related to the ability to analyze the subject matter, identify the primary and secondary elements and their interrelation, control their movements, and evaluate the results and ways to achieve them. In the experimental group, the first training sessions showed a slight decrease in the physical density of the training sessions. This occurred because more time was spent on theoretical conversations, discussion of issues of interest, development of the training model and its use to test the main parts of the physical movements under study. This was subsequently compensated by a more rapid mastery of the technique of physical movements due to greater independence, greater activity during training sessions and fewer mistakes.

The research presents the results of the pedagogical experiment, in which 58 students of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University of the city of Chernivtsi took part. The study is aimed to determine the complex effects of health-improving fitness on the physical condition of young men and girls. The program for physical education for first-year students, which included means of health-improving fitness was developed. The program was designed for one academic year (2018-2019). The study presents the results of the complex effects of health-improving fitness on the main components of the physical condition of young men and girls. The introduction of the proposed program in the process of physical education of students with healthimproving fitness means significantly (p <0.05; p <0.01) improves the functional ability of the cardiovascular system, manifests itself in an increase in adaptive potential capacity, a decrease in heart rate at rest by 10.6 % in young men and 10.9 % in girls, an increase in the level of physical performance according to indicators of the Ruffier index in boys by 47.0 % in boys and 38.4 % in girls and PWC170 in boys by 13.5 %, in girls by 10.1 %. The proposed program with health-improving fitness means increases the functional level of the respiratory system, in particular, the lung capacity in boys increased by 11.8 %, in girls - by 15.6 %, the Shtange test with breath-holding in boys improved by 23.0 % in girls by 16 5 %, the Genchi test improved in young men by 19.2 %. Health-improving fitness means have complex positive effects on the fundamental components of the physical condition of students.

There are a variety of methods and different techniques for effectively playing football. In a game, achievement of team success depends on how footballers master different techniques. Using football techniques skilfully and effectively when tackling tactical tasks during extreme conditions of playing is a crucial factor for achieving victory. In modern football, techniques are characterized by a movement system that is both practicable from the perspective of biomechanics and enables the most efficient effort to improve the accuracy and speed of playing actions. An analysis of the techniques allows an expansion of the general requirements for various characteristics and a consideration of the standard, which is the master sample that should be observed when constructing the movement system. Therefore, it is very important at the initial level that young footballers correctly acquire expertise and master physical skills to perform techniques for further professional development in football. The research objective in this study was theoretical and methodological substantiation of the acquisition of expertise and the mastering of physical skills by young footballers for performing techniques by exercising reference points of technical elements and comparing them with other exercises. The study features 41 (forty one) 9 to 10-year-old sophomore footballers from the initial training groups of Kitsman's Youth Sports School. Results: the footballers in the two groups generally had the same mastery of the techniques at the beginning of the study. However, at the end of the study, the experimental group of footballers were more competent than the control group of footballers, especially for performing accurate kicking with the inner instep and head and foot juggling.

The article presents the results of the assessment of the morphological status and functional condition of the body of the young men aged 15-16 years. Altogether 140 young men aged 15-16 who study and live in the city of Chernivtsi took part in the pedagogical experiment. The data obtained as a result of the research, complement the knowledge in the field of age morphology and physiology regarding the growth and development of the juvenile population of this region. It has been established that the young men aged 15 years have a predominantly disharmonious body structure. In the boys aged 16 years, the chest girth, thigh girth and dynamometry of the right and left hands are significantly higher (p<0.05). We have established that the functional condition of the cardiovascular system and respiratory system in young men is developed heterochronously. The worst indicators of the level of the Ruffier index are observed in the boys aged 16 years. 16.6 % of boys showed unsatisfactory level of recovery after dynamic load. The practical significance of our research is detection of a discernible decrease of the adaptive capacity of the body of the young men of 15 and 16 years. And also this will enable us to use the obtained results in the prognostic plan, since the obtained data can be used as the starting point for comparison of the further similar studies results.