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In this trial involving patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack, treatment with a combination of clopidogrel and aspirin within 24 hours after onset reduced the risk of stroke in the next 90 days, as compared with aspirin alone. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) and acute minor ischemic stroke are common and often lead to disabling events. In China, there are approximately 3 million new strokes every year, and approximately 30% of them are minor ischemic strokes. 1 , 2 The incidence of TIA in China has not been determined, but on the basis of the incidence in other countries, there are probably more than 2 million TIAs annually in China. 3 – 5 The risk of another stroke occurring after a TIA or minor stroke is high, with approximately 10 to 20% of patients having a stroke within 3 months after the index . . .

Given the variety of focus measure operators, selecting an appropriate one based on scene requirements is critical. This study designs evaluation metrics based on the morphological characteristics of focus measure curves. A multipoint linear fitting method is proposed to partition the curve into steep slope and gradual slope regions, from which four metrics are derived: the steep slope region width (Ws), the steep to gradual ratio (Rsg), the curvature of peak point (Cp), and the relative root mean square error (RRMSE). Several representative focus measure operators were chosen for experimental evaluation. The results demonstrate that when image acquisition parameters or image content change, the performance evaluations of most operators remain stable. Therefore, the proposed metrics robustly characterize the performance and features of various operators. These metrics serve as a valuable reference for selecting appropriate operators in optical microscopy and provide a theoretical foundation for designing new ones.

The “terminal hydroxyl group anchoring mechanism” has been studied on metal oxides (Al 2 O 3 , CeO 2 ) as well as a variety of noble and transition metals (Ag, Pt, Pd, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Co) in a number of generalized studies, but there is still a gap in how to regulate the content of terminal hydroxyl groups to influence the dispersion of the active species and thus to achieve optimal catalytic performance. Herein, we utilized AlOOH as a precursor for γ-Al 2 O 3 and induced the transformation of the exposed crystal face of γ-Al 2 O 3 from (110) to (100) by controlling the calcination temperature to generate more terminal hydroxyl groups to anchor Ag species. Experimental results combined with AIMD and DFT show that temperature can drive the atomic rearrangement on the (110) crystal face, thereby forming a structure similar to the atomic arrangement of the (100) crystal face. This resulted in the formation of more terminal hydroxyl groups during the high-temperature calcination of the support (Al-900), which can capture Ag species to form single-atom dispersions, and ultimately develop a stable and efficient single-atom Ag-based catalyst. Terminal hydroxyl groups on γ-Al 2 O 3 surfaces serve as anchoring sites for Ag. Based on the surface energy of different crystal planes of γ-Al 2 O 3 at various temperatures, the authors propose a high-temperature-induced crystal plane transformation method to construct terminal hydroxyl anchoring sites.

Information encryption technique has broad applications in individual privacy, military confidentiality, and national security, but traditional electronic encryption approaches are increasingly unable to satisfy the demands of strong safety and large bandwidth of high-speed data transmission over network. Optical encryption technology could be more flexible and effective in parallel programming and multiple degree-of-freedom data transmitting application. Here, we show a dual-layer optical encryption fluorescent polymer waveguide chip based on optical pulse-code modulation technique. Fluorescent oligomers were doped into epoxy cross-linking SU-8 polymer as a gain medium. Through modifying both the external pumping wavelength and operating frequency of the pulse-code modulation, the sender could ensure the transmission of vital information is secure. If the plaintext transmission is eavesdropped, the external pumping light will be switched, and the receiver will get warning commands of ciphertext information in the standby network. This technique is suitable for high-integration and high-scalability optical information encryption communications. Data security of internet is increasingly more demanding in the current era, yet the traditional electronic approach is limited in speed and efficiency. Here, the authors proposed a dual-layer optical encryption fluorescent polymer waveguide chip based on optical pulse-code modulation to mitigate the limitations.

Integrated photonic platforms for supercontinuum generation are revolutionizing applications in metrology, imaging, sensing, and ultrafast photonics. Driven by the advantages of integrated nonlinear waveguides, research has focused on developing novel platforms with broad optical transparency, strong nonlinearity, high refractive index, and low fabrication costs. Here, we explore gallium phosphide (GaP) for supercontinuum generation, leveraging its strong second-order and Kerr nonlinearities, broad optical transparency, and low two-photon absorption at telecom C-band. We report the octave-spanning supercontinuum generation in a sub-millimeter GaP waveguide. The generated supercontinuum, when excited with transversely magnetically polarized light, features a gap-free spectrum and high coherence. Furthermore, our GaP waveguide demonstrates a figure of merit of 43.56 THz/mm/kW, which is the highest reported figure of merit among various integrated photonic platforms operating in the normal dispersion regime. We also observe and analyze the rich underlying physical mechanisms of multiple second harmonics. These results highlight the exceptional versatility of the GaP-on-isolator platform for broadband nonlinear photonics. Gallium phosphide (GaP) is explored as a promising material for supercontinuum generation. The authors demonstrate an octave-spanning supercontinuum in the anomalous-dispersion regime and substantial spectral broadening performance in the normal dispersion regime within a sub-millimeter GaP waveguide.

Previous reports have shown inconsistent results on clinical outcomes between women and men after stroke, and little is known about gender differences on outcomes in Chinese post-stroke patients. The aim of this study was to explore whether there were gender differences on clinical characteristics and outcomes in Chinese patients after ischemic stroke by using the data from the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR). Out of 12,415 consecutively recruited patients with acute ischemic stroke in the CNSR from 2007 to 2008, 11,560 (93.1%) patients were followed up for 12 months. Their clinical characteristics and outcomes on death, recurrence, and dependency were recorded. The multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine whether there were gender differences in these outcomes. Women were older than men at baseline (67.9 vs. 64.0 years, P<0.001). Women had a higher mortality, recurrence rate, and dependency rate at 3, 6, and 12 months than men, but after adjusting for age, history of diabetes, pre-stroke dependency, stroke severity, in-hospital complications, and other confounders, there were no statistically significant differences in gender on mortality and recurrence rate at 3, 6, and 12 months; and dependency rate at 3, and 6 months. However, the dependency rate at 12 months remained significantly higher in women (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.45). There are many differences in clinical characteristics between women and men after ischemic stroke in China. Compared with men, women are more dependent at 12 months after stroke. This difference still exists after controlling the potential confounders.

Neurotrophin signaling through NGF/TrkA and BDNF/TrkB is increasingly recognized as a driver of osteosarcoma (OS) progression and an organizer of its immune milieu, yet clinical translation has lagged amid intratumoral heterogeneity and a myeloid-skewed, vasculature-aberrant tumor microenvironment (TME). Features that blunt immune competence include dominant tumor-associated macrophage programs, sparse and dysfunctional effector T cells, endothelial remodeling that restricts lymphocyte entry, and neuron–immune circuits that reinforce suppression. Within this context, NGF/TrkA promotes matrix remodeling, monocyte ingress, and macrophage polarization, while BDNF/TrkB modulates dendritic-cell maturation, supports survival and angiogenesis, and may condition T-cell priming—together positioning neurotrophins as coordinators of tumor persistence and immune exclusion. This review surveys these mechanisms and maps them to therapeutic strategies: kinase-level blockade with approved TRK inhibitors in NTRK fusion–positive disease; exploratory pathway inhibition in fusion-negative OS; ligand-directed approaches; and rational combinations with immunotherapy and vascular/stromal modulators. We highlight biomarker frameworks (receptor–ligand activity scores, phospho-Trk immunohistochemistry, NGF–MMP-2 readouts) and safety considerations that should structure early-phase trials. Clinical and preclinical signals collectively support testing neurotrophin-targeted strategies to recalibrate myeloid composition, enhance antigen presentation, and restore T-cell access to tumor beds. The purpose of this review is to synthesize current evidence and propose a translational roadmap for targeting NGF/TrkA and BDNF/TrkB to remodel antitumor immunity in osteosarcoma.

BackgroundRNA methylation is closely involved in immune regulation, but its role in sepsis remains unknown. Here, we aim to investigate the role of RNA methylation-associated genes (RMGs) in classifying and diagnosing of sepsis.MethodsFive types of RMGs (m1A, m5C, m6Am, m7G and Ψ) were used to identify sepsis subgroups based on gene expression profile data obtained from the GEO database (GSE57065, GSE65682, and GSE95233). Unsupervised clustering analysis was used to identify distinct RNA modification subtypes. The CIBERSORT, WGCNA, GO and KEGG analysis were performed to explore immune infiltration pattern and biological function of each cluster. RF, SVM, XGB, and GLM algorithm were applied to identify the diagnostic RMGs in sepsis. Finally, the expression levels of the five key RMGs were verified by collecting PBMCs from septic patients using qRT-PCR, and their diagnostic efficacy for sepsis was verified in combination with clinical data using ROC analysis.ResultsSepsis was divided into three subtypes (cluster 1 to 3). Cluster 1 highly expressed NSUN7 and TRMT6 , with the characteristic of neutrophil activation and upregulation of MAPK signaling pathways. Cluster 2 highly expressed NSUN3 , and was featured by the regulation of mRNA stability and amino acid metabolism. NSUN5 and NSUN6 were upregulated in cluster 3 which was involved in ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism pathways. In addition, we identified that five RMGs ( NSUN7 , NOP2 , PUS1 , PUS3 and FTO ) could function as biomarkers for clinic diagnose of sepsis. For validation, we determined that the relative expressions of NSUN7 , NOP2 , PUS1 and PUS3 were upregulated, while FTO was downregulated in septic patients. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of NSUN7 , NOP2 , PUS1 , PUS3 and FTO was 0.828, 0.707, 0.846, 0.834 and 0.976, respectively.ConclusionsOur study uncovered that dysregulation of RNA methylation genes (m1A, m5C, m6Am, m7G and Ψ) was closely involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis, providing new insights into the classification of sepsis endotypes. We also revealed that five hub RMGs could function as novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential targets for treatment.

Ritual and music are important approaches to convey the ethical and moral concepts in the Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 BC) in China. The ritual and music ( liyue ) system, therefore, was established by the Duke of Zhou to maintain social order, create and strengthen the power of the Shang royalty. The essence of the system was the division of classes. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the sacrificial animals from the Zhuolu site (40°13´N, 115°24´E) in Hebei Province, China. We summarized the characteristics of sacrificial behavior during that period by examining the types of sacrificial animals and the specific parts of their bones. Ultimately, we discussed whether these characteristics align with the established rules of the ritual and music system. In this study, excavated animal bones were subjected to species identification, surface mark recording, and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses. Skeletal surface marks and stable isotope analyses indicated that there are various methods by which people access and utilize animal resources. There are various animals, including pigs, deer, hares, ring-necked pheasants, and fish, were utilized in the burials. Included in these bones are not only the left and front parts of the body, but also the right part and the hind limbs. Not only is this inconsistent with the specified combination of animal species designated for sacrifice within the ritual and music system, but it also deviates from the requirement to utilize the left and front halves of the limbs. People may have changed and reduced the use of certain sacrificial animals according to their personal preferences and needs. This may be attributed to the disintegration of the ritual system during that period. By comparing different sites, it is possible to infer that the stringent execution of rules regarding the use of animals in burial rituals was directly related to the level of ritual system development during the period to which the site is associated.

The disposal of phosphogypsum has emerged as a significant challenge for the phosphorus chemical industry in China in recent years. Utilizing phosphogypsum in alkali-activated materials represents an effective approach to valorize this byproduct. The alkali modulus is a critical parameter affecting the performance characteristics of phosphogypsum-based alkali-activated materials. This study aims to investigate the effects of the alkali modulus on the early-age properties (setting time, fluidity, flexural strength, and compressive strength) and hydration mechanisms of slag–phosphogypsum composite alkali-activated materials (HSFP) across various slag–phosphogypsum–fly ash systems, thereby identifying the optimal alkali modulus. The findings demonstrate that an alkali modulus of 1.35 optimally enhances the mechanical performance of HSFP. At this specific modulus, the equilibrium between alkalinity and soluble silica availability facilitates complete hydration, resulting in a dense gel-crystal microstructure characterized by the highest C-(A)-S-H gel content (58.2%) after 28 days. The effect of the alkali modulus on mechanical properties is contingent upon the fly ash-to-phosphogypsum (FA:PG) ratio, whereas its effect on fluidity and setting time is negligible. The effect of alkali modulus on the strength of HSFP is significantly affected by the fly ash-to-phosphogypsum (FA:PG) ratio. At an FA:PG ratio of 4:6, the flexural strength initially decreases and then increases as the alkali modulus values increase, while the compressive strength shows a consistent upward trend. At FA:PG ratios of 1:5 and 1:9, the flexural strength increases linearly with the alkali modulus, whereas the compressive strength first rises and then experiences a slight decline. These results offer both theoretical insights and practical guidance for the optimization of phosphogypsum-based cementitious material formulations, thereby supporting their potential for large-scale application.