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Arsenene and antimonene, i.e. two-dimensional (2D) As and Sb monolayers, are the recently proposed cousins of phosphorene (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 54, 3112 (2015)). Through first-principle calculations, we systematically investigate electronic and transport properties of the corresponding As and Sb nanoribbons, which are cut from the arsenene and antimonene nanosheets. We find that different from the 2D systems, band features of As and Sb nanoribbons are dependent on edge shapes. All armchair As/Sb nanoribbons keep the indirect band gap feature, while the zigzag ones transfer to direct semiconductors. Quantum confinement in nanoribbons enhances the gap sizes, for which both the armchair and zigzag ones have a gap scaling rule inversely proportional to the ribbon width. Comparing to phosphorene, the large deformation potential constants in the As and Sb nanoribbons cause small carrier mobilities in the orders of magnitude of 101–102 cm2/Vs. Our study demonstrates that the nanostructures of group-Vb elements would possess different electronic properties for the P, As, and Sb ones, which have diverse potential applications for nanoelectronics and nanodevices.

Intelligent extraction of coal seam gas constitutes a crucial development direction for managing underground gas disasters. Building on an established mathematical model, this study develops an intelligent control model for gas extraction. In this model, controlled variables include gas extraction concentration, gas extraction flow rate, negative pressure, and extraction pump efficiency ratio, while control variables are defined as the valve opening of extraction boreholes and the power of extraction pumps. The ideal curve of the controlled quantity with time is obtained by using the recurrent neural network (SimpleRNN), and the controlled quantity is intelligently controlled by the model predictive control (MPC) algorithm so that the actual value of controlled quantity approaches the reference value at the corresponding time of its ideal curve. Taking the simulated gas extraction data as an example, an algorithm simulation experiment is performed. The experimental results show that the ideal reference curve of the controlled quantity obtained by the cyclic neural network has a good data fitting degree. The dynamic control of the controlled quantity by the model predictive control algorithm can overcome the interference of environmental and nonlinear factors and achieve a better control effect, which provides a certain reference for the intelligent control of gas drainage.

In order to improve the effect of engineering safety management, this paper combines intelligent monitoring technology to construct a monitoring robot system. Moreover, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the digital impulse signal and analyzes the least square filtering and infinite impulse response filtering. At the same time, this paper detects the sample material on the detection test platform, obtains the digital pulse signal, and selects different filtering algorithms and filtering parameters. In addition, this paper uses a signal analysis and processing platform to establish a gamma energy spectrum and analyze the resolution of hydrogen peaks in the gamma energy spectrum. Finally, this paper compares and verifies the filtering algorithms and constructs an engineering safety management system based on robot intelligent monitoring. From the simulation monitoring test results, it can be seen that the engineering safety management system based on robot intelligent detection proposed in this paper has a good effect.

CTCF, a conserved 3D genome architecture protein, determines proper genome-wide chromatin looping interactions through directional binding to specific sequence elements of four modules within numerous CTCF-binding sites （CBSs） by its 11 zinc fingers （ZFs）. Here, we report four crystal structures of human CTCF in complex with CBSs of the protocadherin （Pcdh） clusters. We show that directional CTCF binding to cognate CBSs of the Pcdh enhancers and promoters is achieved through inserting its ZF3, ZFs 4-7, and ZFs 9-11 into the major groove along CBSs, result- ing in a sequence-specific recognition of module 4, modules 3 and 2, and module 1, respectively; and ZF8 serves as a spacer element for variable distances between modules 1 and 2. In addition, the base contact with the asymmetric ＂A＂ in the central position of modules 2-3, is essential for directional recognition of the CBSs with symmetric core sequences but lacking module 1. Furthermore, CTCF tolerates base changes at specific positions within the degen- erated CBS sequences, permitting genome-wide CTCF binding to a diverse range of CBSs. Together, these complex structures provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms for the directionality, diversity, flexibility, dynamics, and conservation of multivalent CTCF binding to its cognate sites across the entire human genome.

Here, we introduce the 3D Genome Browser, http://3dgenome.org , which allows users to conveniently explore both their own and over 300 publicly available chromatin interaction data of different types. We design a new binary data format for Hi-C data that reduces the file size by at least a magnitude and allows users to visualize chromatin interactions over millions of base pairs within seconds. Our browser provides multiple methods linking distal cis -regulatory elements with their potential target genes. Users can seamlessly integrate thousands of other omics data to gain a comprehensive view of both regulatory landscape and 3D genome structure.

Studies have explored the relationship between social class and health for decades. However, the underlying mechanism between the two remains not fully understood. This study aimed to explore whether health self-management had a mediating role between social class and health under the framework of Socio-cultural Self Model. 663 adults, randomly sampled from six communities in Southwest China, completed the survey for this study. Social class was assessed using individuals' income, education, occupation. Health self-management was assessed through evaluation of the health self-management behavior, health self-management cognition, health self-management environment. Physical health and mental health were measured by the Chinese version of Short-Form (36-item) Health Survey, which contains Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, Role-Emotional, Vitality, Mental Health, Social Function, Bodily Pain and General Health. Pearson's correlation was used to examine the associations between major variables. Mediation analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of health self-management. Social class positively predicted self-rated health. The lower the social class, the lower the self-reported physical and mental health. Health self-management partially mediated the relationship between social class and self-rated health. That is, the health self-management ability of the lower class, such as access to healthy and nutritious food and evaluate their own health status, is worse than that of the higher class, which leads to physical and mental health inequality between the high and the low classes. Health self-management mediated the relationship between social class and health. Promoting health self-management abilities are conducive to improving both physical and mental health.

Despite the success of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, the immunological mechanisms that underlie its efficacy are poorly understood. Here we analyzed the innate and adaptive responses to BNT162b2 in mice, and show that immunization stimulated potent antibody and antigen-specific T cell responses, as well as strikingly enhanced innate responses after secondary immunization, which was concurrent with enhanced serum interferon (IFN)-γ levels 1 d following secondary immunization. Notably, we found that natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells in the draining lymph nodes are the major producers of this circulating IFN-γ. Analysis of knockout mice revealed that induction of antibody and T cell responses to BNT162b2 was not dependent on signaling via Toll-like receptors 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 nor inflammasome activation, nor the necroptosis or pyroptosis cell death pathways. Rather, the CD8+ T cell response induced by BNT162b2 was dependent on type I interferon-dependent MDA5 signaling. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which the BNT162b2 vaccine stimulates immune responses.How mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines drive immune responses is not clear. Here the authors characterize immune responses to the BNT162b2 vaccine in mice, and show how it stimulates innate immunity, with antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses dependent on the RNA sensor MDA5.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) interacts closely with the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is remodeled by crosstalk between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells, and is critical for cancer progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, help facilitate an exchange of information both within the TME and to distant organs. EVs have also been identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and drug carriers for pancreatic cancer treatment. Thus, understanding the selective packaging of EVs cargo and its mechanistic impact will increase our understanding of cancer biology. In this review, we collect and analyze recent findings of the pancreatic cancer-stromal cell interactions mediated by EVs and the mechanisms involved in cancer-related immunity and chemoresistance. These studies demonstrate the vital role of EVs in pancreatic cancer reprogramming and TME remodeling. We also summarize the EVs identified as potential PDAC diagnostic biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets. This greater understanding is a promising avenue for transitioning EVs from bench to bedside. Graphical Abstract

Background Esophageal cancer patients can experience co-occurring, related symptoms labeled symptom clusters. This study aimed to identify symptom clusters and explore which SCs independently affect the quality of life (QoL) among esophageal cancer patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in Shenyang, China, from February 2021 to February 2022. Finally, 118 esophageal cancer patients effectively completed the survey. Questionnaires’ information included the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Gastrointestinal Cancer Module (MDASI-GI), the Multidimensions Scale of Perceived Social Support, and demographic and clinical characteristics. Exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring was used to identify symptom clusters, and multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the influencing factors of QoL. Results The mean score of FACT-G was 69.88 (SD = 17.85) among 118 esophageal cancer patients. Four symptom clusters were identified: psychological-somatic, dysphagia, fatigue-pain, and gastrointestinal symptom clusters. Results of regression analysis indicated a significant impact on QoL for chemotherapy ( β  = 0.140, P  < 0.045), psychological-somatic symptom cluster ( β  = − 0.329, P  = 0.013), and social support ( β  = 0.409, P  < 0.001) after adjusting demographic and clinical characteristics. The linear combination explained 47.8% of the variance in QoL. Conclusions There is a critical need to emphasize the importance of psychological-somatic symptoms clusters management programs and increasing social support to improve QoL in esophageal cancer patients.

Bacterial stem and root rot disease of sweet potato caused by Dickeya dadantii recently broke out in major sweet potato planting areas in China and calls for effective approaches to control the pathogen and disease. Here, we developed a simple method for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using bacterial culture supernatants. AgNPs synthesized with the cell-free culture supernatant of a bacterium Pseudomonas rhodesiae displayed the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 420–430 nm and as nanocrystallites in diameters of 20–100 nm determined by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Functional groups associated with proteins in the culture supernatant may reduce silver ions and stabilize AgNPs. The AgNPs showed antibacterial activities against D. dadantii growth, swimming motility, biofilm formation, and maceration of sweet potato tubers whereas the culture supernatant of P. rhodesiae did not. AgNPs (12 µg∙ml−1) and AgNO3 (50 µg∙ml−1) showed close antibacterial activities. The antibacterial activities increased with the increase of AgNP concentrations. The green-synthesized AgNPs can be used to control the soft rot disease by control of pathogen contamination of sweet potato seed tubers.