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Through Augur analysis, we found that myeloid cells, including neutrophils, myelocytes and monocytes, contributed significantly to the thrombotic phenotype (Fig. 1D). [...]we analyzed the DEGs of myeloid cells and found that genes related to leukocyte activation, adhesion and migration to the endothelium were upregulated, while genes related to leukocyte-mediated immunity and cell killing were downregulated (Fig. 1E, F). Enrichment analysis shows that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) are involved in cell adhesion, platelet activation, fibrinogen complex, and complement and coagulation cascade (Fig. 1H, Additional file 1: [...]we demonstrate that platelet activation, coagulation cascades, and leukocyte cell adhesion are closely related to thrombosis in PNH patients at multiple levels of gene, transcription, and protein.

Objectives Most of the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients suffer from iron overload (IOL) due to ineffective hematopoiesis and repeated blood transfusions. IOL may affect the survival of MDS patients, but the related mechanism has not been fully clarified. We aimed to provide clinical evidence for the impact of IOL on the immunity and prognosis of MDS patients. Methods The clinical features and outcomes of 144 patients with MDS between March 2019 and December 2023 were analyzed. Patients were classified into the IOL group (ferritin > 1000 ng/mL) and the non-iron overload (NIOL) group (ferritin ≤ 1000 ng/mL). Results The median age of the patients was 64 (22–89) years, and IOL MDS patients had a poorer performance status. IOL MDS patients had significantly higher alanine aminotransferase and blood glucose levels. White blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in IOL MDS patients. Meanwhile, the proportion of erythrocyte and megakaryocyte counts were significantly decreased in MDS patients with IOL. The incidence of 7q- chromosome abnormalities in IOL group was significantly higher. The level of Interleukin-6 was markedly elevated in patients with IOL MDS, accompanied by significant abnormalities in dendritic cells. Survival analysis indicated that IOL MDS patients had a shorter survival duration. Age ≥ 60 years, ferritin > 1000 ng/mL, complex chromosomal abnormalities, and gene mutations in TP53 and RUNX1 were independent adverse prognostic factors for MDS patients. Conclusions IOL MDS patients exhibit poorer performance status and organ function, with hematopoietic and immune function abnormalities potentially affecting their survival.

OSCA (reduced hyperosmolality-induced [Ca2+]i increase) is a family of mechanosensitive calcium-permeable channels that play a role in osmosensing and stomatal immunity in plants. Oryza sativa has 11 OsOSCA genes; some of these were shown to complement hyperosmolality-induced [Ca2+]cyt increases (OICIcyt), salt stress-induced [Ca2+]cyt increases (SICIcyt), and the associated growth phenotype in the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant osca1. However, their biological functions in rice remain unclear. In this paper, we found that OsOSCA1.1 mediates OICIcyt and SICIcyt in rice roots, which are critical for stomatal closure, plant survival, and gene expression in shoots, in response to hyperosmolality and the salt stress treatment of roots. Compared with wild-type (Zhonghua11, ZH11) plants, OICIcyt and SICIcyt were abolished in the roots of 10-day-old ososca1.1 seedlings, in response to treatment with 250 mM of sorbitol and 100 mM of NaCl, respectively. Moreover, hyperosmolality- and salt stress-induced stomatal closure were also disrupted in a 30-day-old ososca1.1 mutant, resulting in lower stomatal resistance and survival rates than that in ZH11. However, overexpression of OsOSCA1.1 in ososca1.1 complemented stomatal movement and survival, in response to hyperosmolality and salt stress. The transcriptomic analysis further revealed the following three types of OsOSCA1.1-regulated genes in the shoots: 2416 sorbitol-responsive, 2349 NaCl-responsive and 1844 common osmotic stress-responsive genes after treated with 250 mM of sorbitol and 125 mM NaCl of in 30-day-old rice roots for 24 h. The Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that these OsOSCA1.1-regulated genes were relatively enriched in transcription regulation, hormone response, and phosphorylation terms of the biological processes category, which is consistent with the Cis-regulatory elements ABRE, ARE, MYB and MYC binding motifs that were overrepresented in 2000-bp promoter regions of these OsOSCA1.1-regulated genes. These results indicate that OsOSCA-mediated calcium signaling specifically regulates gene expression, in response to drought and salt stress in rice.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of 4-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4DMRI) in establishing the target of primary liver cancer in comparison with 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT). Methods and Materials: A total of 23 patients with primary liver cancer who received radiotherapy were selected, and 4DCT and T2w-4DMRI simulations were conducted to obtain 4DCT and T2w-4DMRI simulation images. The 4DCT and T2w-4DMRI data were sorted into 10 and 8 respiratory phase bins, respectively. The liver and gross tumor volumes (GTVs) were delineated in all images using programmed clinical workflows under tumor delineation guidelines. The internal organs at risk volumes (IRVs) and internal target volumes (ITVs) were the unions of all the phase livers and GTVs, respectively. Then, the artifacts, liver volume, GTV, and motion range in 4DCT and T2w-4DMRI were compared. Results: The mean GTV volume based on 4DMRI was 136.42 ± 231.27 cm3, which was 25.04 cm3 (15.5%) less than that of 4DCT (161.46 ± 280.29 cm3). The average volume of ITV determined by 4DMRI was 166.12 ± 270.43 cm3, which was 22.44 cm3 (11.9%) less than that determined by 4DCT (188.56 ± 307.57 cm3). Liver volume and IRV in 4DMRI increased by 4.0% and 6.6%, respectively, compared with 4DCT. The difference in tumor motion by T2w-4DMRI based on the centroid was greater than that of 4DCT in the L/R, A/P, and S/I directions, and the average displacement differences were 2.6, 2.8, and 6.9 mm, respectively. The severe artifacts in 4DCT were 47.8% (11/23) greater than in 4DMRI 17.4% (4/23). Conclusions: Compared with 4DCT, T2-weighted and navigator-triggered 4DMRI produces fewer artifacts and larger motion differences in hepatic intrafraction tumors, which is a feasible technique for primary liver cancer treatment planning.

Due to their immobility and possession of underground parts, plants have evolved various mechanisms to endure and adapt to abiotic stresses such as extreme temperatures, drought, and salinity. However, the contribution of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to different abiotic stresses and distinct rice seedling parts remains largely uncharacterized beyond the protein-coding gene (PCG) layer. Using transcriptomics and bioinformatics methods, we systematically identified lncRNAs and characterized their expression patterns in the roots and shoots of wild type (WT) and ososca1.1 (reduced hyperosmolality-induced [Ca2+]i increase in rice) seedlings under hyperosmolarity and salt stresses. Here, 2937 candidate lncRNAs were identified in rice seedlings, with intergenic lncRNAs representing the largest category. Although the detectable sequence conservation of lncRNAs was low, we observed that lncRNAs had more orthologs within the Oryza. By comparing WT and ososca1.1, the transcription level of OsOSCA1.1-related lncRNAs in roots was greatly enhanced in the face of hyperosmolality stress. Regarding regulation mode, the co-expression network revealed connections between trans-regulated lncRNAs and their target PCGs related to OsOSCA1.1 and its mediation of hyperosmolality stress sensing. Interestingly, compared to PCGs, the expression of lncRNAs in roots was more sensitive to hyperosmolarity stress than to salt stress. Furthermore, OsOSCA1.1-related hyperosmolarity stress-responsive lncRNAs were enriched in roots, and their potential cis-regulated genes were associated with transcriptional regulation and signaling transduction. Not to be ignored, we identified a motif-conserved and hyperosmolarity stress-activated lncRNA gene (OSlncRNA), speculating on its origin and evolutionary history in Oryza. In summary, we provide a global perspective and a lncRNA resource to understand hyperosmolality stress sensing in rice roots, which helps to decode the complex molecular networks involved in plant sensing and adaptation to stressful environments.

Drought and salt are two major abiotic stresses that severely impact plant growth and development, as well as crop production. A previous study showed that OsOSCA1.4, one of eleven rice OSCAs (OsOSCAs), complements hyperosmolality-induced [Ca2+]cyt increases (OICIcyt), salt stress-induced [Ca2+]cyt increases (SICIcyt) and the associated growth phenotype in Arabidopsis osca1 (reduced hyperosmolality-induced [Ca2+]cyt increase 1). In this study, Except for OsOSCA2.3 and OsOSCA4.1, we generated independent transgenic lines overexpressing eight other OsOSCAs in the osca1 to explore their functions in osmotic Ca2+ signalling, stomatal movement, leaf water loss, and root growth in response to hyperosmolality and salt stress. Similar to OsOSCA1.4, overexpression of OsOSCA1.1 or OsOSCA2.2 in osca1 complemented OICIcyt and SICIcyt, as well as stomatal closure and root growth in response to hyperosmolality and salt stress treatments, and drought-related leaf water loss. In addition, overexpression of OsOSCA1.2, OsOSCA1.3 or OsOSCA2.1 in osca1 restored OICIcyt and SICIcyt, whereas overexpression of OsOSCA2.5 or OsOSCA3.1 did not. Moreover, osca1 overexpressing these five OsOSCAs exhibited various abiotic stress-associated growth phenotypes. However, overexpression of OsOSCA2.4 did not have any of these effects. These results indicated that multiple members of the OsOSCA family have redundant functions in osmotic sensing and diverse roles in stress adaption.

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a fundamental approach within deep learning for the resolution of partial differential equations (PDEs). Nevertheless, conventional multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) are characterized by a lack of interpretability and encounter the spectral bias problem, which diminishes their accuracy and interpretability when used as an approximation function within the diverse forms of PINNs. Moreover, these methods are susceptible to the over-inflation of penalty factors during optimization, potentially leading to pathological optimization with an imbalance between various constraints. In this study, we are inspired by the Kolmogorov-Arnold network (KAN) to address mathematical physics problems and introduce a hybrid encoder-decoder model to tackle these challenges, termed AL-PKAN. Specifically, the proposed model initially encodes the interdependencies of input sequences into a high-dimensional latent space through the gated recurrent unit (GRU) module. Subsequently, the KAN module is employed to disintegrate the multivariate function within the latent space into a set of trainable univariate activation functions, formulated as linear combinations of B-spline functions for the purpose of spline interpolation of the estimated function. Furthermore, we formulate an augmented Lagrangian function to redefine the loss function of the proposed model, which incorporates initial and boundary conditions into the Lagrangian multiplier terms, rendering the penalty factors and Lagrangian multipliers as learnable parameters that facilitate the dynamic modulation of the balance among various constraint terms. Ultimately, the proposed model exhibits remarkable accuracy and generalizability in a series of benchmark experiments, thereby highlighting the promising capabilities and application horizons of KAN within PINNs.

Body-centered cubic refractory metallic materials exhibit excellent high-temperature strength, but often suffer from brittle intergranular fracture due to the recrystallization-induced enrichment of trace elements at grain boundaries (GBs). Here, we report a fully-recrystallized pure molybdenum (Mo) material with room temperature (RT) superplasticity, fabricated by a facile method of powder metallurgy, Y-type hot rolling and annealing. By engineering the ultralow concentration of O at GBs, the inherent GB brittleness of Mo can be largely eliminated, which, in conjunction with high fractions of soft texture and low angle GBs, enables a significant development of ordered dislocation networks and the effective dislocation transmission across low angle GBs. Synergy of these factors greatly suppress the brittle intergranular fracture of Mo, contributing to an enhanced deformability of 108.7% at RT. These findings should have general implication for fabricating a broad class of refractory metals and alloys toward harsh applications. Body-centered cubic refractory metals are known to exhibit excellent high-temperature strength, but often suffer from brittle fracture. Here, the authors produce a bulk pure Mo with stable fine-grain structure after powder metallurgy, Y-type hot rolling and ultra-high temperature annealing (1000~1700 °C) that exhibits room temperature superplasticity.

The resilience and security of industrial and supply chains are not just reactive responses to disruptions in external circulation but proactive measures aimed at developing new quality productive forces. These actions play a crucial role in advancing the construction and improvement of the modern industrial system . Industrial and supply chains have various definitions and regulations. The former is linked to the innovative capacity of new quality productive forces, while the latter influences the complete realization and market value attainment of new quality productive forces. Organizing industrial chains around new quality productive forces, deploying the innovation chain within industrial chains, and establishing resilient industrial and supply chains are three interconnected components crucial for constructing a modern industrial system . The key aspects of resilience and security of supply chains from an industrial chain perspective center on the adaptability of intermediate goods and the corresponding innovation in these goods, involving addressing technological bottlenecks and upgrading the industrial chains. Enterprises with significant asset specificity exhibit a strong reliance on the stability and security of the supply chains. Supply chains are not a form of property organization, but rather an industrial organization. The fundamental theory for constructing resilient supply chains involves the co-creation and sharing of overall value within supply chains, fostering mutual trust among participating enterprises, maintaining supply chains with efficient contracts, and leveraging the leading role of supply chain leaders. In the digital economy era, digitization and intelligence can leverage their platforms and intelligent connections to enhance the controllability and resilience of supply chain operations.

Previous studies have left a significant gap in researching the relationships among affective variables, cognitive factors, and learning outcomes in second language (L2) writing. To fill in this research gap, the present study set out to unveil the relationships between L2 writers’ cognitive load, anxiety, and writing performance. A total of 197 Grade 12 students from a Chinese public high school were recruited. Participants were required to complete a story continuation writing task (SCWT), the L2 Writing Cognitive Load Scale, and the L2 Writing Anxiety Scale. Structural equation modeling showed that: 1) L2 learners’ cognitive load had a direct effect on writing anxiety which in turn directly impacted SCWT performance; 2) L2 writing anxiety fully mediated the effect of cognitive load on SCWT performance; and 3) Cognitive load mainly influenced cognitive anxiety, a subcomponent of writing anxiety. The implications of the findings for L2 teaching and learning are discussed.