Explore the vast range of titles available.

The latest discovery of high temperature superconductivity near 80 K in La 3 Ni 2 O 7 under high pressure has attracted much attention. Many proposals are put forth to understand the origin of superconductivity. The determination of electronic structures is a prerequisite to establish theories to understand superconductivity in nickelates but is still lacking. Here we report our direct measurement of the electronic structures of La 3 Ni 2 O 7 by high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The Fermi surface and band structures of La 3 Ni 2 O 7 are observed and compared with the band structure calculations. Strong electron correlations are revealed which are orbital- and momentum-dependent. A flat band is formed from the Ni-3d z 2 orbitals around the zone corner which is ~ 50 meV below the Fermi level and exhibits the strongest electron correlation. In many theoretical proposals, this band is expected to play the dominant role in generating superconductivity in La 3 Ni 2 O 7 . Our observations provide key experimental information to understand the electronic structure and origin of high temperature superconductivity in La 3 Ni 2 O 7 . Recently, superconductivity near 80 K was observed in La3Ni2O7 under high pressure, but the mechanism is debated. Here the authors report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements under ambient pressure, revealing flat bands with strong electronic correlations that could be linked to superconductivity.

In this trial involving patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack, treatment with a combination of clopidogrel and aspirin within 24 hours after onset reduced the risk of stroke in the next 90 days, as compared with aspirin alone. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) and acute minor ischemic stroke are common and often lead to disabling events. In China, there are approximately 3 million new strokes every year, and approximately 30% of them are minor ischemic strokes. 1 , 2 The incidence of TIA in China has not been determined, but on the basis of the incidence in other countries, there are probably more than 2 million TIAs annually in China. 3 – 5 The risk of another stroke occurring after a TIA or minor stroke is high, with approximately 10 to 20% of patients having a stroke within 3 months after the index . . .

Although progress has been seen for low template DNA (LT-DNA) analysis in the last few years, the obtainment of full short tandem repeat (STR) profiles remains challenging in forensic genetics. Preamplification treatment could help increase the recovery of genetic information in STR typing. In this study, an efficient amplification method was investigated, which shows that the application of the abasic site in a single primer for targets could efficiently delete the primer-binding site of PCR products to achieve semi-linear amplification (abSLA PCR). Further, the position of abasic sites located at 8th to 10th from the 3’ end of the primers could facilitate PCR amplification. A significant increase in the recovery of STR loci could be obtained using a 4-plex STR pre-amplification (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, and CSF1PO) coupled to Identifiler Plus kit in low template of genomic DNA or single cells. Altogether, the application of abSLA amplification method can facilitate conventional STR typing in LT-DNA analysis.

Precise and differential profiling of the dynamic correlations and pathophysiological implications of multiplex biological mediators with deep penetration and highly programmed precision remain critical challenges in clinics. Here we present an innovative strategy by tailoring a powerful multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) technique with a photon-upconverting nanoprobe (UCN) for simultaneous visualization of diversely endogenous redox biomarkers with excellent spatiotemporal resolution in living conditions. Upon incorporating two specific radicals-sensitive NIR cyanine fluorophores onto UCNs surface, such nanoprobes can orthogonally respond to disparate oxidative and nitrosative stimulation, and generate spectrally opposite optoacoustic signal variations, which thus achieves compelling superiorities for reversed ratiometric tracking of multiple radicals under dual independent wavelength channels, and significantly, for precise validating of their complex dynamics and correlations with redox-mediated pathophysiological procession in vivo. Reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species are involved in key physiological processes and their balance is altered in various human diseases. Here the authors develop near-infrared upconversion nanoprobes to screen ROS/RNS dynamics simultaneously by multispectral optoacoustic imaging in vivo.

Infectious diseases still remain one of the biggest challenges for human health. In order to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and develop effective diagnostic tools, therapeutic agents, and preventive vaccines, a suitable animal model which can represent the characteristics of infectious is required. The Syrian hamster immune responses to infectious pathogens are similar to humans and as such, this model is advantageous for studying pathogenesis of infection including post-bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens, along with assessing the efficacy and interactions of medications and vaccines for those pathogens. This review summarizes the current status of Syrian hamster models and their use for understanding the underlying mechanisms of pathogen infection, in addition to their use as a drug discovery platform and provides a strong rationale for the selection of Syrian hamster as animal models in biomedical research. The challenges of using Syrian hamster as an alternative animal model for the research of infectious diseases are also addressed.

Quantitative and multiparametric blood analysis is of great clinical importance in cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Although there are various methods to extract blood information, they often require invasive procedures, lack continuity, involve bulky instruments, or have complicated testing procedures. Flexible sensors can realize on-skin assessment of several vital signals, but generally exhibit limited function to monitor blood characteristics. Here, we report a flexible optoacoustic blood ‘stethoscope’ for noninvasive, multiparametric, and continuous cardiovascular monitoring, without requiring complicated procedures. The optoacoustic blood ‘stethoscope’ features the light delivery elements to illuminate blood and the piezoelectric acoustic elements to capture light-induced acoustic waves. We show that the optoacoustic blood ‘stethoscope’ can adhere to the skin for continuous and non-invasive in-situ monitoring of multiple cardiovascular biomarkers, including hypoxia, intravascular exogenous agent concentration decay, and hemodynamics, which can be further visualized with a tailored 3D algorithm. Demonstrations on both in-vivo animal trials and human subjects highlight the optoacoustic blood ‘stethoscope’‘s potential for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and prediction. Cardiovascular disease diagnosis can be invasive and complex. Here, the authors present a flexible optoacoustic blood ‘stethoscope’ that noninvasively and continuously monitors cardiovascular health.

The topological materials have attracted much attention for their unique electronic structure and peculiar physical properties. ZrTe 5 has host a long-standing puzzle on its anomalous transport properties manifested by its unusual resistivity peak and the reversal of the charge carrier type. It is also predicted that single-layer ZrTe 5 is a two-dimensional topological insulator and there is possibly a topological phase transition in bulk ZrTe 5 . Here we report high-resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements on the electronic structure and its detailed temperature evolution of ZrTe 5 . Our results provide direct electronic evidence on the temperature-induced Lifshitz transition, which gives a natural understanding on underlying origin of the resistivity anomaly in ZrTe 5 . In addition, we observe one-dimensional-like electronic features from the edges of the cracked ZrTe 5 samples. Our observations indicate that ZrTe 5 is a weak topological insulator and it exhibits a tendency to become a strong topological insulator when the layer distance is reduced. To understand the anomalous electronic transport properties of ZrTe 5 remains an elusive puzzle. Here, Zhang et al . report direct electronic evidence to the origin of the resistivity anomaly and temperature induced Lifshitz transition in ZrTe 5 , indicating it being a weak topological insulator.

As fruitfly epithelial cells round up during mitosis, tricellular junctions serve as spatial landmarks, encoding information about interphase cell shape directionality to orient mitosis, and promoting geometric and mechanical sensing in epithelial tissues. Cell orientation in developing tissues The orientation of cell division is important for controlling tissue development and homeostasis. In non-dividing interphase cells, the long axis determines the division orientation. But as the cells enter the mitosis stage to divide, they lose this axis as they round up to ensure faithful chromosome segregation. So how can the dividing cells remember their division orientation? At a cellular level, it is thought that the default orientation is regulated by the mitotic-cell shape. Yohanns Bellaïche and colleagues have determined what happens at the tissue level. They find that as fruitfly epithelial cells round up during mitosis, tricellular junctions serve as spatial landmarks, encoding information about interphase cell-shape directionality. The authors provide molecular insights into this process, showing that tricellular junctions promote geometry and mechanical sensing in epithelial tissues. The orientation of cell division along the long axis of the interphase cell—the century-old Hertwig’s rule—has profound roles in tissue proliferation, morphogenesis, architecture and mechanics 1 , 2 . In epithelial tissues, the shape of the interphase cell is influenced by cell adhesion, mechanical stress, neighbour topology, and planar polarity pathways 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 . At mitosis, epithelial cells usually adopt a rounded shape to ensure faithful chromosome segregation and to promote morphogenesis 1 . The mechanisms underlying interphase cell shape sensing in tissues are therefore unknown. Here we show that in Drosophila epithelia, tricellular junctions (TCJs) localize force generators, pulling on astral microtubules and orienting cell division via the Dynein-associated protein Mud independently of the classical Pins/Gα i pathway. Moreover, as cells round up during mitosis, TCJs serve as spatial landmarks, encoding information about interphase cell shape anisotropy to orient division in the rounded mitotic cell. Finally, experimental and simulation data show that shape and mechanical strain sensing by the TCJs emerge from a general geometric property of TCJ distributions in epithelial tissues. Thus, in addition to their function as epithelial barrier structures, TCJs serve as polarity cues promoting geometry and mechanical sensing in epithelial tissues.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), a frequent complication in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treatment, arises from complex mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which impair myocardial repair and recovery. Current therapies for MIRI offer limited efficacy and raise safety concerns, highlighting the need for innovative and precise treatment strategies in cardiovascular research. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) is a promising therapeutic approach that enhances drug delivery precision to the myocardium. By utilizing ultrasound cavitation and nanodrug delivery, UTMD overcomes microvascular barriers, significantly improving drug bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes. It has demonstrated potential in modulating the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF-1α/VEGF) pathway to promote angiogenesis and enhance myocardial perfusion. In addition, it inhibits NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, thereby reducing inflammatory responses and protecting the myocardium from reperfusion damage. The integration of radiomics and artificial intelligence (AI) further advances MIRI diagnosis and treatment. Real-time monitoring of myocardial blood flow and microcirculatory perfusion, combined with AI-driven image analysis, enables accurate assessment of myocardial injury and therapeutic efficacy, supporting personalized and precise therapy. Moreover, multi-omics technologies-such as single-cell RNA sequencing, proteomics, and metabolomics-combined with UTMD provide deeper insights into its therapeutic mechanisms, laying a robust foundation for clinical translation. This review summarizes recent progress in UTMD-based therapies for MIRI, emphasizing their roles in angiogenesis, immune regulation, precision diagnostics, and multi-omics analysis. It highlights new perspectives for future research and clinical applications in the management of MIRI.

Kagome lattices of various transition metals are versatile platforms for achieving anomalous Hall effects, unconventional charge-density wave orders and quantum spin liquid phenomena due to the strong correlations, spin-orbit coupling and/or magnetic interactions involved in such a lattice. Here, we use laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations to investigate the electronic structure of the newly discovered kagome superconductor CsTi 3 Bi 5 , which is isostructural to the AV 3 Sb 5 (A = K, Rb or Cs) kagome superconductor family and possesses a two-dimensional kagome network of titanium. We directly observe a striking flat band derived from the local destructive interference of Bloch wave functions within the kagome lattice. In agreement with calculations, we identify type-II and type-III Dirac nodal lines and their momentum distribution in CsTi 3 Bi 5 from the measured electronic structures. In addition, around the Brillouin zone centre, Z 2 nontrivial topological surface states are also observed due to band inversion mediated by strong spin-orbit coupling. Kagome superconductors host a panoply of condensed matter phenomena, some of which are mediated by band topology. Here, authors use ARPES and DFT to identify type-II and type-III Dirac nodal lines, flat bands and topological surface states in the kagome metal CsTi 3 Bi 5 .