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Objectives: This study evaluated the dental and alveolar bone stress distribution of a mandibular Kennedy Class I restored with a bilateral implant-assisted removable partial denture (IARPD) compared with a conventional removable partial denture (CRPD) through the application of finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Kennedy Class I plaster models were made, including teeth from the lower left first premolar and lower right canine. The models were scanned, resin-based replicated and digitized. Using Solidworks software, internal hexagonal implants (10 mm × 4 mm) were virtually placed at the level of the first molars. Each model was grouped into a unit, and a load of 200 N was applied, simulating masticatory forces. Von Mises stress distributions were calculated via FEA for the vertical, diagonal and combined forces. Results: In the IARPD, the stress generated in the alveolar bone by the vertical (4.2 Mpa), diagonal (12.2 MPa) and combined forces (12.3 MPa) was lower than that of the CRPD (7 MPa, 26.3 MPa and 32 MPa, respectively). Similarly, at the lower central incisor, the IARPD generated less stress than the CRPD due to the action of the vertical, diagonal and combined forces. Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that bilateral implant placement may result in less stress on bone and teeth during rehabilitation with a Kennedy Class I IARPD, with different orientations of the forces applied.

Objective: Some patients reportedly present with oral manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). It is unknown if this is due to the virus itself or a side effect of treatment; however, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been shown to have a predilection for angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors that are present in the respiratory tract, oral mucosa, tongue, and salivary glands, causing alterations in taste and smell. Therefore, the objective of this review was to present the future challenges of Covid-19 and oral manifestations in daily dental practice through a literature review. Materials and Methods: Scientific evidence in the databases Scopus and PubMed was searched using the Boolean operators. Articles published in Spanish and English between January and December 2020 were included. Results: Of the 89 articles found in Scopus, 69 were of the open access type and 20 were in the “others” category; only 22 scientific articles were found in PubMed. Conclusion: It is important to take into account these clinical manifestations such as loss of taste and smell in order to detect the disease. Good oral hygiene is also recommended as a preventive measure to reduce viral load, which considerably reduces the probability of infecting other people who are in contact with the infected patient.

Objective: The objective was to determine the accuracy between functional swallowing (FS) and the Knebelman craniometric method (KCM) to measure occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in total denture wearers. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental, prospective study was conducted considering the KCM diagnostic method as the gold standard compared to FS. All the totally edentulous patients attended at the School of Dentistry of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (n = 32) in 2018–2019 were evaluated. Previous informed consent was obtained from all patients. A Knebelman’s Craniometer was used to obtain longitudinal measurements measured in millimeters. The measurement was made with the Knebelman Craniometer by placing the tip into the external auditory canal inside the right meatus. On the other hand, for the FS method, the patients were seated comfortably with their back supported and their head in a natural position. Both upper and lower rollers were inserted into the mouth and the patient was instructed to swallow saliva for a period of 5min. Results: When comparing the measurement of the OVD of KCM versus FS according to sex, men presented an OVD of 68.1 ± 3.9 mm, being 64.1 ± 3.8 mm in women. Accuracy was evaluated with an analysis of concordance between FS and the KCM in the determination of OVD in totally edentulous patients with a value of 0.97 (confidence interval = 0.31–0.99) (P = 0.013). Conclusions: There is a good concordance between the FS method and the KCM at the time of determining the OVD of edentulous patients using total prostheses.

Aim: To compare microleakage in premolar class I restorations between nanohybrid and microhybrid composites in an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: Overall, 32 healthy premolar permanent teeth extracted for reasons unrelated to the study were used. Class I Black restorations were performed and divided into two groups. Group A: microhybrid resin, Group B: nanohybrid resin. Both groups were subjected to manual thermocycling (300 cycles at 5, 37, and 55°C), and they were then immersed in 2% methylene blue during 24h. Subsequently, the samples were washed, dried, sectioned, and observed under a stereoscopic microscope. Results: In the microhybrid resin composite (MRC) group, only two teeth (28.8%) did not show filtration (Grade 0), whereas eight of the specimens evaluated (80%) showed Grade 3 filtration (dye penetration to the pulpal floor). On the other hand, in the nanohybrid resin composite (NRC) group, the highest prevalence was found in Grade 1 (no dye penetration) in eight specimens (66.7%). There was no statistically significant association between the degree of filtration and the type of resin composite used (P = 0.089). Conclusions: Both materials showed microleakage, but the microhybrid resin presented a higher degree of filtration compared with the nanohybrid resin. No statistically significant association was found with the degree of microleakage between the resins.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess in vitro the antibacterial efficacy of Ca(OH)2 with iodoform versus Ca(OH)2 with camphorated paramonochlorophenol as intrachannel pastes on an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Materials and Methods: The diffusion method was used in wells. The strain used was E. faecalis ATCC 29212. Bile esculin agar was inoculated into 60-well plates of 5 mm in diameter. Three groups were formed: Group 1: Calen PMCC (Ca(OH)2 + camphor paramonochlorophenol); Group 2: Metapex (Ca(OH)2 + iodoform); and Group 3: camphor paramonochlorophenol inoculated with E. faecalis as a positive control. The plates were then incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Bacterial inhibition halos were read. Results: Group 1 presented the highest antimicrobial efficacy with a mean of 16.2 ± 0.6 mm, whereas Group 2 only had an antimicrobial effect of 9.7 ± 1.3 mm. Finally, Group 3 only exposed to the positive control (camphor paramonochlorophenol) showed an effect of 14.6 ± 1.0 mm. The inferential analysis showed statistically significant differences between the antimicrobial effect of the three groups (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Ca(OH)2 paste with camphor paramonochlorophenol (Calen PMCC) has a greater antibacterial action on E. faecalis. The iodoform-associated Ca(OH)2 paste (Metapex) showed significantly lower antibacterial action against E. faecalis (P < 0.05).

Objectives: At present, it is very important to identify the available literature regarding the use of masks and respirators by analyzing their historical evolution in the medical field. In addition, consideration should be given to the major filtering characteristics of those most used due to the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review is to describe the qualitative evolution that facemasks and respirators have undergone along with their different characteristics. Materials and Methods: This literature review was conducted between September and December 2020. Articles were identified from PubMed Central, Scopus, and Web of Science. The following keywords were used: “COVID-19,” “dentistry,” and “masks.” These MeSH terms were combined with the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR.”Results: We found 36 articles in PubMed Central, 21 in Scopus, and 17 in Web of Science, which included reviews, clinical, descriptive, and experimental trials. Conclusion: The emergence of new pathogens leads to continuous improvement in masks and respirators. It was determined that for the dental field, respirators with filtration characteristics greater than 95%, such as FFP3, N100, N95, and KN95, are indicated in addition to their decontamination and reuse processes.

Aim: To evaluate the increase of the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) on the smile in young Peruvian adults. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study included a total of 30 subjects (15 men and 15 women) aged between 20 and 30 years. Silicone stops were created that increased the OVD by 2 and 4 mm. Photographs were taken with a reflex camera of position, at programmed and standardized lighting, with and without the stops made to the patients using a head and face positioner. The following measurements were made: smile index, interlabial distance, intercomisural width, distance of the incisal edge-upper lip, and distance of the incisal edge-lower lip. The analysis of variance test was used for statistical analysis, establishing a level of significance at P < 0.05. Results: The measure of the interlabial distance of the initial smile was 10.70 ± 2.80 mm, in which the OVD became 11.79 ± 3.67 mm with the increase of 2 mm and 12.91 ± 3.98 mm with the increase of 4 mm; however, the increase in OVD favored a decrease on the smile index, decreasing from 6.07 ± 1.51 mm to 5.48 ± 1.24 mm and 4.99 ± 1.47 mm in the group of increases in the OVD of 2 and 4 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The increase of the OVD favors an increase in the interlabial distance and the measure from the incisal edge to the lower lip; however, it produces a decrease in the smile index in the young Peruvian patients evaluated.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate Highmore antrum sexual dimorphism by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Peruvian population. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analytical study. The sample consisted of 190 CBCT scans. Inter-observer concordance was performed previously obtaining an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.99 for the width, length, and height of the right and left maxillary sinus. Then the dimensions of the maxillary sinus (left and right) were measured. All statistical analyses were performed using the Student’s t test and Lambda de Wilks, establishing a level of significance of P < 0.05. Results: It was observed that on the right side of the maxillary sinus there were only statistically significant differences between the width, height, area, perimeter, and volume of the Highmore’s antrum and sex with a P < 0.05. Statistically significant differences were observed between sex and the width, height, area, perimeter, and volume of the Highmore’s antrum in the right side of the maxillary sinus (P < 0.05), whereas the left side only showed statistically significant differences between the height and volume of the Highmore’s antrum and sex (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The maxillary sinuses have significant sexual dimorphism, with the parameter of height showing the greatest dimorphism according to the discriminant analysis.