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In recent years, females’ body esteem has gradually declined, which has seriously affected their physical and mental health. Physical exercise has the positive impact on promoting females’ body esteem. Therefore, to better understand the relationship between physical exercise and body esteem, it is necessary to conduct a quantitative analysis of physical exercise to improve females’ body esteem. Retrieve randomized controlled trials on the effects of physical exercise on females’ body esteem from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases and the search period is from the creation of the database to June 20, 2024. The Stata 17.0 software is used for meta-analysis. Results: It is shown that physical exercise have a significant overall effect on promoting females’ body esteem (g = 0.35, P  < 0.001), and physical exercise can effectively improve the PC (g = 0.66, P  < 0.01) and PS (g = 0.27, P  < 0. 01) of females, but there is not statistically significant in females’ PSW (g = 0.32, P  > 0.05), SC (g = 0.42, P  > 0.05) and BA (g = -0.20, P  > 0.05). Conclusions : Although physical exercise can effectively improve body esteem of females, it mainly affects the PC and PS in body esteem of females.

Background Executive function deficits are a core deficit among school-aged children with ADHD. Although exercise interventions have received increasing attention in recent years, many existing studies have overlooked potential biases introduced by differences in measurement paradigms and scoring methods, which may compromise the validity and consistency of the findings. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on executive function in school-aged children with ADHD and to explore the moderating effects of measurement paradigms under different scoring methods. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang, covering publications from database inception to December 28, 2024. A total of 16 randomized controlled trials were included. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0. Results The meta-analysis revealed that exercise interventions had significant overall effects on improving inhibitory control(positive scoring: g  = 0.60, 95% CI [0.34, 0.87], P  < 0.001; reverse scoring: g =-0.69, 95% CI [-0.91, -0.46], P  < 0.001) and working memory (positive scoring: g  = 0.51, 95% CI [0.30, 0.70], P  < 0.001; reverse scoring: g =-0.55, 95% CI [-0.74, -0.36], P  < 0.001) in school-aged children with ADHD under both positive and reverse scoring conditions. However, the overall effect on cognitive flexibility was significant only under the reverse scoring condition ( g =-0.54, 95% CI [-0.75, -0.33], P  < 0.001), and not under the positive scoring condition ( g  = 0.28, 95% CI [-0.01, 0.56], P  = 0.10). Subgroup analyses further indicated that the effects of exercise interventions on inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility varied depending on the measurement paradigms and scoring methods used. Conclusion Exercise interventions can significantly improve inhibitory control and working memory in school-aged children with ADHD. However, their effect on cognitive flexibility appears to be limited. Moreover, the observed intervention effects are influenced by the measurement paradigms and scoring. Methods employed .

Objective To compare the effects of normobaric hypoxic exercise versus normoxic exercise on improving cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular function and maximal power output in overweight and obese individuals, thereby providing evidence-based support for exercise prescription and public health interventions. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, randomized controlled trials examining the effects of exercise interventions under hypoxic conditions on cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular function or exercise capacity in individuals with overweight or obesity were retrieved from databases comprising PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Ovid, Web of Science, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The search period extended from the inception of the databases to February 15, 2025. Stata was used to assess publication bias, heterogeneity, and data synthesis and generate funnel plots and forest plots. The DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model was applied for the meta-analysis. The I² statistic was used to quantify heterogeneity and subgroup, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity and influencing factors. Results A total of 19 randomized controlled trials with 523 participants were included. A meta-analysis revealed that hypoxic training significantly enhanced maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) and maximal power output (MPO) compared to normoxic training. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) were 0.42 (95% CI: 0.16–0.67, 95% PI: -0.10, 0.94, P  < 0.01, I 2  = 15.4%) for VO 2 max and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.01–0.85, 95% PI: -0.80,1.67, P  < 0.05, I 2  = 56.0%) for MPO. The corresponding weighted mean differences were 191.88 mL/min for VO 2 max (95% CI: 75.66–308.10; 95% PI: 31.68–352.08; P  = 0.001) and 14.53 W for MPO (95% CI: 1.40–27.66; 95% PI: -3.51–32.57; P  = 0.030). Subgroup analyses revealed that VO 2 max (SMD = 0.498, 95% CI: 0.077–0.919, P  = 0.020, I2 = 0%) and MPO (SMD = 0.431, 95% CI: 0.012–0.851, P  = 0.044, I 2  = 0%) were significantly improved compared with the control group when the intervention duration exceeded 8 weeks. Additionally, significant improvements in VO 2 max were observed under the following conditions: fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) ≧ 15% (SMD = 0.420, 95% CI: 0.057–0.784, P  = 0.024, I 2  = 12.1%), training frequency of more than three sessions per week (SMD = 0.534, 95% CI: 0.002–1.065, P  = 0.049, I 2  = 0%), high-intensity protocols (SMD = 0.532, 95% CI: 0.108–0.956, P  = 0.014, I 2  = 0%), session duration of less than 45 min (SMD = 0.420, 95% CI: 0.047–0.793, P  = 0.027, I 2  = 0%), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) as the intervention (SMD = 0.532, 95% CI: 0.108–0.956, P  = 0.014, I 2  = 0%). Female participants showed significantly greater improvements in VO 2 max compared to the control group (SMD = 0.571, 95% CI: 0.128–1.014, P  = 0.012, I 2  = 0%). Conclusions Hypoxic exercise interventions effectively improved VO 2 max and MPO in individuals with overweight or obesity, with greater VO 2 max gains observed in women. Exercise interventions in hypoxic environments are recommended to last for longer than 8 weeks, with no more than three sessions per week of HIIT lasting less than 45 min.

Objective To use deep learning to segment the mandible and identify three-dimensional (3D) anatomical landmarks from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, the planes constructed from the mandibular midline landmarks were compared and analyzed to find the best mandibular midsagittal plane (MMSP). Methods A total of 400 participants were randomly divided into a training group ( n  = 360) and a validation group ( n  = 40). Normal individuals were used as the test group ( n  = 50). The PointRend deep learning mechanism segmented the mandible from CBCT images and accurately identified 27 anatomic landmarks via PoseNet. 3D coordinates of 5 central landmarks and 2 pairs of side landmarks were obtained for the test group. Every 35 combinations of 3 midline landmarks were screened using the template mapping technique. The asymmetry index (AI) was calculated for each of the 35 mirror planes. The template mapping technique plane was used as the reference plane; the top four planes with the smallest AIs were compared through distance, volume difference, and similarity index to find the plane with the fewest errors. Results The mandible was segmented automatically in 10 ± 1.5 s with a 0.98 Dice similarity coefficient. The mean landmark localization error for the 27 landmarks was 1.04 ± 0.28 mm. MMSP should use the plane made by B (supramentale), Gn (gnathion), and F (mandibular foramen). The average AI grade was 1.6 (min–max: 0.59–3.61). There was no significant difference in distance or volume ( P  > 0.05); however, the similarity index was significantly different ( P  < 0.01). Conclusion Deep learning can automatically segment the mandible, identify anatomic landmarks, and address medicinal demands in people without mandibular deformities. The most accurate MMSP was the B-Gn-F plane.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria cause severe clinical infections and a high mortality rate of over 40% in patients with immunodeficiencies. Therefore, more effective, broad-spectrum, and accurate treatment for severe cases of infection is urgently needed. Here, we present an adoptive transfer of macrophages loaded with a near-infrared photosensitizer ( Lyso700D ) in lysosomes to boost innate immunity and capture and eliminate bacteria through a photodynamic effect. In this design, the macrophages can track and capture bacteria into the lysosomes through innate immunity, thereby delivering the photosensitizer to the bacteria within a single lysosome, maximizing the photodynamic effect and minimizing the side effects. Our results demonstrate that this therapeutic strategy eliminated MDR Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) efficiently and cured infected mice in both two models with 100% survival compared to 10% in the control groups. Promisingly, in a rat model of central nervous system bacterial infection, we performed the therapy using bone marrow-divided macrophages and implanted glass fiber to conduct light irradiation through the lumbar cistern. 100% of infected rats survived while none of the control group survived. Our work proposes an efaficient and safe strategy to cure MDR bacterial infections, which may benefit the future clinical treatment of infection. There is increased demand for effective, broad-spectrum treatment options against severe, multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. Here, Wang et al describe an effective photodynamic therapy based on the adoptive transfer of macrophages loaded with a lysosomal photosensitiser.

High-throughput phenotyping of microbial growth is crucial for understanding genotype-phenotype relationships in systems biology. Linking genetic variation to dynamic growth responses across environments remains challenging. Here, we present a time series dataset representing the growth curves of 3,909 single-gene knockout Escherichia coli strains grown in rich (LB) and minimal (M63) media. Using microplate assays with biological triplicates at 37 °C, we generated 23,454 OD time-series trajectories (3,909 strains × 2 media × 3 replicates) recorded every 15 minutes for 24-48 hours. The dataset provides plate-background-corrected growth curves, derived growth parameters including carrying capacity (K) and maximal growth rate (r), and gene category annotations. This standardized resource facilitates comparative analyses of genotype-dependent growth dynamics between rich and poor nutritional conditions and supports methodological development for time-series processing and growth-phenotype characterization. By making the complete growth trajectories publicly available with metadata and quality indicators, we aim to enable reuse and reproducible analyses of bacterial growth dynamics across the Keio collection.

Synaptic dysfunction is closely related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which is also recognized as synaptic disorder. β-amyloid (Aβ) is one of the main pathogenic factors in AD, which disrupts synaptic plasticity and mediates the synaptic toxicity through different mechanisms. Aβ disrupts glutamate receptors, such as NMDA and AMPA receptors, which mediates calcium dyshomeostasis and damages synapse plasticity characterized by long-term potentiation (LTP) suppression and long-term depression (LTD) enhancement. As Aβ stimulates and Ca 2+ influx, microglial cells and astrocyte can be activated and release cytokines, which reduces glutamate uptake and further impair synapse function. Besides, extracellular glutamate accumulation induced by Aβ mediates synapse toxicity resulting from reduced glutamate receptors and glutamate spillovers. Aβ also mediates synaptic dysfunction by acting on various signaling pathways and molecular targets, disrupting mitochondria and energy metabolism. In addition, Aβ overdeposition aggravates the toxic damage of hyperphosphorylated tau to synapses. Synaptic dysfunction plays a critical role in cognitive impairment of AD. The review addresses the possible mechanisms by which Aβ mediates AD-related synaptic impairment from distant perspectives.

Sepsis-Associated Liver Injury (SALI) is an independent risk factor for death from sepsis. The aim of this study was to develop an interpretable machine learning model for early prediction of 28-day mortality in patients with SALI. Data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV, v2.2, MIMIC-III, v1.4) were used in this study. The study cohort from MIMIC-IV was randomized to the training set (0.7) and the internal validation set (0.3), with MIMIC-III (2001 to 2008) as external validation. The features with more than 20% missing values were deleted and the remaining features were multiple interpolated. Lasso-CV that lasso linear model with iterative fitting along a regularization path in which the best model is selected by cross-validation was used to select important features for model development. Eight machine learning models including Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost), K Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Generalized Linear Models in which the best model is selected by cross-validation (CV_glmnet), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were developed. Shapley additive interpretation (SHAP) was used to improve the interpretability of the optimal model. At last, a total of 1043 patients were included, of whom 710 were from MIMIC-IV and 333 from MIMIC-III. Twenty-four clinically relevant parameters were selected for model construction. For the prediction of 28-day mortality of SALI in the internal validation set, the area under the curve (AUC (95% CI)) of RF was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73–0.86), and which performed the best. Compared with the traditional disease severity scores including Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score (OASIS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score (LODS), Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), and Acute Physiology Score III (APS III), RF also had the best performance. SHAP analysis found that Urine output, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), minimal Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS_min), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and admission_age were the five most important features affecting RF model. Therefore, RF has good predictive ability for 28-day mortality prediction in SALI. Urine output, CCI, GCS_min, BUN and age at admission(admission_age) within 24 h after intensive care unit(ICU) admission contribute significantly to model prediction.

Despite major advances in HIV testing, ultrasensitive detection of early infection remains challenging, especially for the viral capsid protein p24, which is an early virological biomarker of HIV-1 infection. Here, To improve p24 detection in patients missed by immunological tests that dominate the diagnostics market, we show a click chemistry amplified nanopore (CAN) assay for ultrasensitive quantitative detection. This strategy achieves a 20.8 fM (0.5 pg/ml) limit of detection for HIV-1 p24 antigen in human serum, demonstrating 20~100-fold higher analytical sensitivity than nanocluster-based immunoassays and clinically used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Clinical validation of the CAN assay in a pilot cohort shows p24 quantification at ultra-low concentration range and correlation with CD4 count and viral load. We believe that this strategy can improve the utility of p24 antigen in detecting early infection and monitoring HIV progression and treatment efficacy, and also can be readily modified to detect other infectious diseases. Accurate detection of antigen p24 for HIV−1 early diagnosis remains challenging. Here the authors present a click chemistry amplified nanopore (CAN) assay that allows p24 quantification at ultralow concentration range in clinical samples.