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"Weston, Martha"
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Jack and Jill and Big Dog Bill : a phonics reader
Jack and Jill enjoy sledding until their dog gets tired.
Book
THE EFFECTS OF GENDER, SEX-ROLE TYPE AND TEMPERAMENT ON THE PLAY BEHAVIOR OF PARENTS AND INFANTS
A research study was conducted to explore differences between mother/infant and father/infant play. Home observations were made of 41 mothers and fathers with their four to nine month old infants. The contribution to play behavior of (1) sex of infant, (2) temperament of infant, (3) sex of parent and (4) sex role self concept of the parent were studied using naturalistic observations. Two forms of the Bem Sex Role Inventory were used to assess parental sex role self concepts: one with standard instructions and one with role instructions. The Infant Temperament Questionnaire was used to assess infant temperament. All the hypotheses associated with parent sex were confirmed: mothers engage in more conventional play than fathers; fathers engage in more physical play than mothers; and mothers vocalize more than fathers. The hypotheses concerned with the effects of sex of child were not confirmed. Incidental findings indicate that both parents talk more to girls than to boys and that mothers show more physical play with boys than with girls. The hypotheses associated with sex role type of parents were not confirmed. However, there were significant changes in masculine and feminine scores for both parents when describing themselves in their role as parents. This supports research indicating that sex role self concepts change according to the situation in which one finds oneself. The effect of temperament was explored and the following trends noted: the temperament of boys and girls does not differ; fathers respond to their less active children with more conventional and more toy play. Less conclusive, but pointing to important trends were findings that parents may be responding differently to the same trait depending on whether it is expressed in a boy or in a girl. The effect of age was explored and the following trends noted: parents use more physical minor play with younger infants than with older infants; fathers play more conventional games with older children than with younger ones.
Dissertation
Nate the Great on the Owl Express
While traveling on the train to San Francisco with his cousin Olivia's owl, Nate the Great and his dog Sludge must use all of their detective skills when the owl suddenly disappears.
Book
Nate the Great, San Francisco detective
Nate the Great goes to San Francisco to solve a mystery with his cousin, Olivia Sharp, who is also a detective.
Book
Cerebrospinal fluid in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: clinical utility of an extended panel of biomarkers in a specialist cognitive clinic
Background
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are increasingly being used to support a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Their clinical utility for differentiating AD from non-AD neurodegenerative dementias, such as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD), is less well established. We aimed to determine the diagnostic utility of an extended panel of CSF biomarkers to differentiate AD from a range of other neurodegenerative dementias.
Methods
We used immunoassays to measure conventional CSF markers of amyloid and tau pathology (amyloid beta (Aβ)1–42, total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau)) as well as amyloid processing (AβX-38, AβX-40, AβX-42, soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP)α, and sAPPβ), large fibre axonal degeneration (neurofilament light chain (NFL)), and neuroinflammation (YKL-40) in 245 patients with a variety of dementias and 30 controls. Patients fulfilled consensus criteria for AD (
n
= 156), DLB (
n
= 20), behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD;
n
= 45), progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA;
n
= 17), and semantic dementia (SD;
n
= 7); approximately 10% were pathology/genetically confirmed (
n
= 26). Global tests based on generalised least squares regression were used to determine differences between groups. Non-parametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) analyses were used to quantify how well each biomarker discriminated AD from each of the other diagnostic groups (or combinations of groups). CSF cut-points for the major biomarkers found to have diagnostic utility were validated using an independent cohort which included causes of AD (
n
= 104), DLB (
n
= 5), bvFTD (
n
= 12), PNFA (
n
= 3), SD (
n
= 9), and controls (
n
= 10).
Results
There were significant global differences in Aβ1–42, T-tau, T-tau/Aβ1–42 ratio, P-tau-181, NFL, AβX-42, AβX-42/X-40 ratio, APPα, and APPβ between groups. At a fixed sensitivity of 85%, AβX-42/X-40 could differentiate AD from controls, bvFTD, and SD with specificities of 93%, 85%, and 100%, respectively; for T-tau/Aβ1–42 these specificities were 83%, 70%, and 86%. AβX-42/X-40 had similar or higher specificity than Aβ1–42. No biomarker or ratio could differentiate AD from DLB or PNFA with specificity > 50%. Similar sensitivities and specificities were found in the independent validation cohort for differentiating AD and other dementias and in a pathology/genetically confirmed sub-cohort.
Conclusions
CSF AβX-42/X-40 and T-tau/Aβ1–42 ratios have utility in distinguishing AD from controls, bvFTD, and SD. None of the biomarkers tested had good specificity at distinguishing AD from DLB or PNFA.
Journal Article
Molecular biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: progress and prospects
The neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease is characterised by the formation of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain parenchyma, which cause synapse and neuronal loss. This leads to clinical symptoms, such as progressive memory deficits. Clinically, these pathological changes can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and with brain imaging, although reliable blood tests for plaque and tangle pathologies remain to be developed. Plaques and tangles often co-exist with other brain pathologies, including aggregates of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 and Lewy bodies, but the extent to which these contribute to the severity of Alzheimer's disease is currently unknown. In this ‘At a glance’ article and poster, we summarise the molecular biomarkers that are being developed to detect Alzheimer's disease and its related pathologies. We also highlight the biomarkers that are currently in clinical use and include a critical appraisal of the challenges associated with applying these biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes of Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders, also in their prodromal clinical phases.
Journal Article
Comparing peripherally inserted central catheter-related practices across hospitals with different insertion models: a multisite qualitative study
BackgroundPeripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) provide reliable intravenous access for delivery of parenteral therapy. Yet, little is known about PICC care practices or how they vary across hospitals. We compared PICC-related processes across hospitals with different insertion delivery models.MethodsWe used a descriptive qualitative methodology and a naturalist philosophy, with site visits to conduct semistructured interviews completed between August 2018 and January 2019. Study sites included five Veterans Affairs Medical Centres, two with vascular access teams (VATs), two with PICC insertion primarily by interventional radiology (IR) and one without on-site PICC insertion capability. Interview participants were healthcare personnel (n=56), including physicians, bedside and vascular access nurses, and IR clinicians. Data collection focused on four PICC domains: use and decision-making process, insertion, in-hospital management and patient discharge education. We used rapid analysis and a summary matrix to compare practices across sites within each domain.ResultsOur findings highlight the benefits of dedicated VATs across all PICC-related process domains, including implementation of criteria to guide PICC placement decisions, timely PICC insertion, more robust management practices and well-defined patient discharge education. We also found areas with potential for improvement, such as clinician awareness of PICC appropriateness criteria and alternative devices, deployment of VATs and patient discharge education.ConclusionVascular access nurses play critical roles in all aspects of PICC-related care. There is variation in PICC decision-making, care and maintenance, and patient education across hospitals. Quality and safety improvement opportunities to reduce this variation are highlighted.
Journal Article
An empirical comparison of VerbNet syntactic frames and the Semlink corpus
This paper describes a method of automatically comparing syntactic frames from the verb lexicon VerbNet with syntactic frames from the Semlink corpus. A method of extracting syntactic frames and semantic argument structures is explained, followed by a method of comparing syntactic frames, both directly and by argument structure. The results of the comparison are described in terms of matching success for frame tokens and frame types, divided into categories based on frame type frequency within Semlink. Overall, 54.14% of the frame tokens within Semlink can be directly matched to VerbNet, with an additional 14.32% matching by argument structure. However, only 29.30% of the frame types within Semlink can be matched to VerbNet, suggesting that the comparison method cannot match a majority of the large variation of frames types in Semlink. A set of distinguishing frame types for VerbNet classes is also proposed and included in this work.
Dissertation