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"Williams, Madeline"
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Positive Psychology Interventions in Practice
\"This book presents recent advancements in positive psychology, specifically its application across broad areas of current interest. Chapters include submissions from various international authors in the field and cover discussion and presentation of relevant research, theories, and applications. The volume covers topics such as CBT, Psychotherapy, Coaching, Workplaces, Aging, Education, Leadership, Emotion, Interventions, Measurement, Technology, Design, Health, Relationships, Experiences, Communities. With the growing interest in the applications of positive psychology across diverse fields within psychology and beyond, this book will make a worthwhile contribution to the field. It will also fill the current need for a volume that highlights specifically the various recent advancements in positive psychology into diverse fields and as such will be of benefit to a wide range of professionals, including psychologists, educators, clinicians, therapists, and many others.\" -- Publisher's website.
Book
The Impacts of Last Glacial Maximum Glaciers on Channels Downstream of the Glacial Termini in Southwestern Montana
During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), extensive glaciation covered a significant portion of the Earth's surface, leading to substantial modifications of mountainous landscapes. Such glaciation can impact the evolution of landscapes downstream of valley glacier termini through the generation and supply of sediment, influencing the efficiency of fluvial erosion well downstream of glacial maxima. However, such influences are poorly understood and rarely constrained. We capitalize on a natural experiment in the Tobacco Root Mountains of southwestern Montana where glaciers impacted some valleys, while others remained ice-free, allowing the isolation of glacial impacts to specific river systems.We predict that downstream of the previously glacial terminus landscape normalized channel steepness will be higher as a result of the reduction in erosional efficiency due to increased sediment loading. To test this hypothesis, we measure mean grain size (D50) and normalized channel steepness (Ksn) to understand channel geomorphology and identify variations between previously glaciated watersheds and control watersheds. We calculate Ksn from a 10m DEM. Grain size measurements were collected in the field to quantify channel characteristics not evident in remotely sensed data but that could influence Ksn values. Results show that downstream of the glacial terminus normalized steepness index and grain size are consistently higher when compared to control watersheds, with grain size being 3x greater. We determine that the higher steepness values determined in previously glaciated watersheds is as a result of greater sediment supply available in channels downstream of previous glaciation. We illustrate that the legacy of glaciation on landscape evolution extends beyond the glacial limit, impacting erosion rates downstream of the glacial termini.
Dissertation
Publisher Correction: Marine microbial metagenomes sampled across space and time
Due to a typesetting error, 25 rows were omitted from Table 3 in the original version of this Data Descriptor. These missing rows correspond to the following sample names:
Journal Article
CD5 Expression in CTCL and Its Implications for Anti-CD5 CAR T-Cell Therapy
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogenous group of T-cell malignancies in the skin and have poor treatment outcomes in advanced stages. CD5, a surface glycoprotein expressed on most mature T cells, has emerged as a promising target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in systemic T-cell lymphomas. However, its expression profile in CTCL and relevance for targeted therapy remain unclear. Notably, in CTCL, the cell surface expression of receptors, such as CD7 and CD26, tends to become downregulated on the surfaces of malignant T cells In this study, we analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from patients at two institutions with mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common subtype of CTCL with a predominantly CD4 phenotype. We utilized 5 patch/plaque MF skin biopsies (majority from early-stage patients), 8 MF tumor biopsies (all from advanced-stage patients), and 8 healthy control biopsies to evaluate lesion-specific CD5 gene expression on CD4 T cells. We found that CD5 was significantly increased in malignant MF CD4 T cells compared to healthy control CD4 T cells (21.1% of MF CD4 T cells expressed CD5 vs. 5.2% of healthy control CD4 T cells, respectively). In subgroup analysis, patch/plaque stage MF biopsies showed higher expression of CD5 in CD4 T cells than tumor stage MF biopsies. Notably, 94.3% of malignant CD4+ T cells in tumor stage MF lesions exhibited complete CD5 loss compared to only 76.6% in patch-plaque MF lesions, suggesting antigen escape in tumor stage disease. These findings demonstrate that CD5 expression in CTCL is dynamic and varies based on lesion type. Our work suggests CD5 may be a viable therapeutic target in MF with patch/plaque presentations but may not be as effective in advanced stages of MF with tumor presentations. This work informs CD5 gene expression in MF based on clinical lesion type and further information is needed to clarify clinical implications as a future therapeutic target.
Journal Article
Marine microbial metagenomes sampled across space and time
Recent advances in understanding the ecology of marine systems have been greatly facilitated by the growing availability of metagenomic data, which provide information on the identity, diversity and functional potential of the microbial community in a particular place and time. Here we present a dataset comprising over 5 terabases of metagenomic data from 610 samples spanning diverse regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. One set of metagenomes, collected on GEOTRACES cruises, captures large geographic transects at multiple depths per station. The second set represents two years of time-series data, collected at roughly monthly intervals from 3 depths at two long-term ocean sampling sites, Station ALOHA and BATS. These metagenomes contain genomic information from a diverse range of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes and viruses. The data's utility is strengthened by the availability of extensive physical, chemical, and biological measurements associated with each sample. We expect that these metagenomes will facilitate a wide range of comparative studies that seek to illuminate new aspects of marine microbial ecosystems.
Journal Article
Playing the Part: An Experiment of Masculinity Under Threat in Public and Private Settings
Amid ongoing political and gender-based violence, it is essential to understand how perceived threats to masculinity influences men’s behavior. What part does social setting play in this relationship? Do internalized norms of masculinity moderate the influence of threat on behavior? To investigate responses to masculinity threat in public and private settings, I conducted an online survey experiment with 398 white, cis-gender, straight men. When their masculinity is threatened, respondents increase their adherence to traditional masculine role norms. The public nature of the setting does not directly influence masculinity performance. However, those in the private setting had significantly different responses depending on whether their masculinity was threatened. Across settings, respondents initially reporting greater adherence to traditional male role norms responded more intensely masculinity threat – by signaling their adherence to traditional masculinity even more strongly. These results support predictions from hybrid masculinity theory and control theories of identity.
Dissertation
A Tale of Two Families: Neural Precursor Cells from Idiopathic Autism Patients Exhibit Proliferation Phenotypes
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly complex, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an impairment in social communication and interaction as well as stereotyped/repetitive behavior. While ASD is a highly prevalent disorder (1:68), the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be identified and no therapeutics to treat core symptoms exist. As the name suggests, individuals with ASD have a wide range of severity of symptoms, intelligence levels, comorbid disorders, environmental and genetic contributions, different potential etiologies, and pathologies. This human social disorder characterized by vast heterogeneity cannot be properly modeled in a mouse, a challenge that has hindered the study of ASD. Here, I present methods for examining proliferation in human neural precursor cells (NPCs) as well as a case study on two families examining ASD NPC proliferation in comparison to their sex-matched sibling controls. In comparison to their siblings, ASD patients present patient-specific proliferation phenotypes at baseline, in response to growth factors, and under environmental stressor conditions. A common phenotype emerges after exposure to methyl mercury (MeHg), both ASD patients show a reduction in sensitivity to the negative impact on DNA synthesis. In aggregate, I have created a toolset to measure patient-derived NPC proliferation, applied it to examine differences in ASD-sibling pairs, and identified both patient-specific and common patient phenotypes.
Dissertation
