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"Wong, Janet"
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Twist : yoga poems
\"A collection of sixteen original poems sure to inspire even the youngest yogi!\"--Jacket.
Book
Clinical presentations, laboratory and radiological findings, and treatments for 11,028 COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the comorbidities, symptoms, clinical characteristics and treatment of COVID-19 patients. Epidemiological studies published in 2020 (from January–March) on the clinical presentation, laboratory findings and treatments of COVID-19 patients were identified from PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases. Studies published in English by 27th March, 2020 with original data were included. Primary outcomes included comorbidities of COVID-19 patients, their symptoms presented on hospital admission, laboratory results, radiological outcomes, and pharmacological and in-patient treatments. 76 studies were included in this meta-analysis, accounting for a total of 11,028 COVID-19 patients in multiple countries. A random-effects model was used to aggregate estimates across eligible studies and produce meta-analytic estimates. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (18.1%, 95% CI 15.4–20.8%). The most frequently identified symptoms were fever (72.4%, 95% CI 67.2–77.7%) and cough (55.5%, 95% CI 50.7–60.3%). For pharmacological treatment, 63.9% (95% CI 52.5–75.3%), 62.4% (95% CI 47.9–76.8%) and 29.7% (95% CI 21.8–37.6%) of patients were given antibiotics, antiviral, and corticosteroid, respectively. Notably, 62.6% (95% CI 39.9–85.4%) and 20.2% (95% CI 14.6–25.9%) of in-patients received oxygen therapy and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, respectively. This meta-analysis informed healthcare providers about the timely status of characteristics and treatments of COVID-19 patients across different countries.
PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42020176589
Journal Article
You have to write
Encourages young writers to tell their own stories and become better writers.
Book
Exploiting lung adaptation and phage steering to clear pan-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in vivo
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a major nosocomial pathogen that causes severe disease including sepsis. Carbapenem-resistant
P. aeruginosa
is recognised by the World Health Organisation as a priority 1 pathogen, with urgent need for new therapeutics. As such, there is renewed interest in using bacteriophages as a therapeutic. However, the dynamics of treating pan-resistant
P. aeruginosa
with phage in vivo are poorly understood. Using a pan-resistant
P. aeruginosa
in vivo infection model, phage therapy displays strong therapeutic potential, clearing infection from the blood, kidneys, and spleen. Remaining bacteria in the lungs and liver displays phage resistance due to limiting phage adsorption. Yet, resistance to phage results in re-sensitisation to a wide range of antibiotics. In this work, we use phage steering in vivo, pre-exposing a pan resistant
P. aeruginosa
infection with a phage cocktail to re-sensitise bacteria to antibiotics, clearing the infection from all organs.
In this work, authors utilise a pan-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
in vivo infection model to demonstrate antibiotic re-sensitisation with bacteriophage therapy.
Journal Article
Alex and the Wednesday chess club
Alex quits playing chess after losing a game to Uncle Hooya; but when other activities fail to satisfy him, he gives his favorite game another try by joining the chess club.
Book
Prevalence and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy in Hong Kong: A population-based survey
Although vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the most desired solution to end the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there are growing concerns that vaccine hesitancy would undermine its potential. We examined the intention to receive vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and the associated factors in a representative sample of Chinese adults in Hong Kong.
We did a dual-frame (landline and mobile) cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 1501 Hong Kong residents aged 18 years or older (53.6% females) in April 2020. We collected data on the intention to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine when it becomes available (yes/ no/ undecided), knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19, smoking, alcohol drinking, and sociodemographic factors. Prevalence estimates were weighted by the sex, age, and education of the general population of Hong Kong.
Overall, 45.3% (95% CI: 42.3–48.4%) of the participants had intentions to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2 when it becomes available, 29.2% (26.5–32.1%) were undecided, and 25.5% (22.9–28.2%) had no intention. The most common reason for vaccine hesitancy (undecided or no intention) was safety concerns (56.5%). Multivariable partial proportional odds model showed higher vaccine hesitancy in males, younger adults, those with no chronic disease, current smokers, and non-alcohol drinkers. After adjusting for sociodemographic and other factors, inadequate knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (adjusted ORs ranged from 1.27 to 2.63; P < 0.05) and lower perceived danger of COVID-19 (adjusted ORs ranged from 1.62 to 2.47; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy.
In a representative sample of Chinese adults in Hong Kong, only 45.3% of the participants intended to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2 when available. Vaccine hesitancy was associated with inadequate knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 transmission and lower perceived danger of COVID-19, which needed to be addressed to improve vaccination uptake.
Journal Article
This next New Year
A family prepares to celebrate the Lunar New Year and looks forward to the good luck they hope it will bring.
Braille
Temperature dependence of molybdenum dialkyl dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) tribofilms via time-resolved Raman spectroscopy
Molybdenum dialkyl dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) is a friction reducing additive commonly used in lubricants. MoDTC works by forming a low-friction molybdenum disulphide (MoS
2
) film (tribofilm) on rubbed surfaces. MoDTC-induced MoS
2
tribofilms have been studied extensively
ex-situ
; however, there is no consensus on the chemical mechanism of its formation process. By combining Raman spectroscopy with a tribometer, effects of temperature and shear stress on MoS
2
tribofilm formation in steel-steel contacts were examined. Time-resolved Raman spectra of the tribofilm were acquired
,
together with the instantaneous friction coefficient. The tribofilm is constantly being formed and removed mechanically during rubbing. Increasing shear stress promotes MoS
2
formation. The nature of the tribofilm is temperature-dependent, with high-temperature tribofilms giving a higher friction than lower temperature films. Below a critical temperature
T
c
, a small amount of MoS
2
gives significant friction reduction. Above
T
c,
a patchy film with more MoS
2
, together with a substantial amount of amorphous carbon attributed to base oil degradation, forms. The composition of this tribofilm evolves during rubbing and a temporal correlation is found between carbon signal intensity and friction. Our results highlight the mechanochemical nature of tribofilm formation process and the role of oil degradation in the effectiveness of friction modifier MoDTC.
Journal Article
In-situ catalysis of green lubricants into graphitic carbon by iron single atoms to reduce friction and wear
Reducing friction and wear in moving mechanical systems is essential for their intended functionality. This is currently accomplished by using a large variety of anti-friction and anti-wear additives, that usually contain sulfur and phosphorous both of which cause harmful emission. Here, we introduce a series of diesters, typically dioctyl malate (DOM), as green and effective anti-friction and anti-wear additives which reduce wear by factors of 5-7 and friction by over 50% compared to base oil when tested under high pressures. Surface studies show that these impressive properties are primarily due to the formation of a 30 nm graphitic tribofilm that protects rubbing surfaces against wear and hence provides low shear stress at nanoscale. This graphitic tribofilm is prone to form from diesters derived from short-chain carboxylic acid due to their lone pair effect, which stabilizes the carbon free radicals. Furthermore, the formation of this tribofilm is catalyzed by nascent iron single atoms, which are in-situ generated due to the mechanochemical effects during sliding contact. Computational simulations provided additional insights into the steps involved in the catalytic decomposition of DOM by iron and the formation of a graphitic carbon tribofilm. Due to its anti-friction and wear properties, DOM holds promise to replace conventional additives, and thus provides a green and more effective alternative for next-generation lubricant formulations.
Reducing friction and wear in mechanical systems can lower energy consumption and material loss. Here, a green lubricant additive is introduced, free of harmful elements, that effectively minimizes friction and wear, offering a sustainable solution.
Journal Article