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Double-walled metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), synthesized using Zn and Co, are potential porous materials for trace benzene adsorption. Aluminum is with low-toxicity and abundance in nature, in comparison with Zn and Co. Therefore, a double-walled Al-based MOF, named as ZJU-520(Al), with large microporous specific surface area of 2235 m 2  g –1 , pore size distribution in the range of 9.26–12.99 Å and excellent chemical stability, was synthesized. ZJU-520(Al) is consisted by helical chain of AlO 6 clusters and 4,6-Di(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrimidine ligands. Trace benzene adsorption of ZJU-520(Al) is up to 5.98 mmol g –1 at 298 K and P/P 0  = 0.01. Adsorbed benzene molecules are trapped on two types of sites. One (site I) is near the AlO 6 clusters, another (site II) is near the N atom of ligands, using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations. ZJU-520(Al) can effectively separate trace benzene from mixed vapor flow of benzene and cyclohexane, due to the adsorption affinity of benzene higher than that of cyclohexane. Therefore, ZJU-520(Al) is a potential adsorbent for trace benzene adsorption and benzene/cyclohexane separation. Trace benzene poses a risk to the health and safety of humans, resulting in a challenging task. Here authors synthesise double-walled Al-based MOF ZJU-520(Al) with trace benzene adsorption (5.98 mmol g –1 ) and excellent benzene/cyclohexane separation ability.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcohol-associated metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MetALD) are significant public health concerns, with diet playing a pivotal role in their pathogenesis. Aims: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. This study investigates the associations of the dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM), dietary inflammatory index (DII), and their combined effects with MASLD/MetALD, while exploring the mediating roles of inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Data from the 2007 to 2018 NHANES included 9,529 participants. DI-GM and DII were calculated using 24-hour dietary recalls. Inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers-including triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, metabolic score (MS), C-reactive protein (CRP), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI)-were analyzed. Multivariable logistic and linear regression, subgroup analyses, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models assessed associations and dose-response relationships. Mediation analysis evaluated the roles of inflammatory and metabolic markers. Higher DI-GM scores were significantly associated with reduced MASLD (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.46-0.75) and MetALD (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.46-0.70). Conversely, higher DII scores were positively associated with MASLD (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.23-2.01) and MetALD (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.13-1.75). DI-GM was inversely associated with inflammation and metabolic markers (TyG: β= -0.05, MS: β= -0.11, CRP: β= -0.12, SII: β= -0.08, SIRI: β= -0.09), while DII exacerbated these markers (TyG: β= 0.06, MS: β= 0.18, CRP: β=0.14, SII: β= 0.11, SIRI: β= 0.10). The combined effects of DI-GM and DII further demonstrated that a gut microbiota-healthy and anti-inflammatory diet synergistically reduced MASLD (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.43-0.81) and MetALD risks (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.44-0.76). Mediation analysis confirmed that inflammation and metabolism significantly mediated the diet-disease associations (p < 0.05). Higher DI-GM and lower DII are associated with reduced MASLD/MetALD risks, partially mediated by alleviating systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. These findings highlight dietary interventions targeting gut microbiota and inflammation as strategies for early prevention of MASLD and MetALD.

Clinical investigations have shown that a nonimmunogenic “cold” tumor is usually accompanied by few immunopositive cells and more immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is still the bottleneck of immune activation. Here, a fluorine assembly nanocluster was explored to break the shackles of immunosuppression, reawaken the immune system, and turn the cold tumor “hot.” Once under laser irradiation, FS@PMPt produces sufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) to fracture the ROS-sensitive linker, thus releasing the cisplatin conjugated PMPt to penetrate into the tumors and kill the regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Meanwhile, ROS will induce potent immunogenic cell death (ICD) and further promote the accumulation of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, therefore not only increasing the infiltration of immunopositive cells from the outside but also reducing the immunosuppressive cells from the inside to break through the bottleneck of immune activation. The FS@PMPt nanocluster regulates the immune process in TME from negative to positive, from shallow to deep, to turn the cold tumor into a hot tumor and provoke a robust antitumor immune response.

Brainstem gliomas are molecularly heterogeneous diseases, many of which are difficult to safely surgically resect and have limited treatment options due to their eloquent location. These constraints pose challenges to biopsy, which limits the use of routine molecular profiling and identification of personalized therapies. Here, we explored the potential of sequencing of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of brainstem glioma patients as a less invasive approach for tumor molecular profiling. CSF was obtained from patients either intraoperatively (91.2%, 52/57), from ventricular-peritoneal shunt (3.5%, 2/57), or by lumbar puncture (5.3%, 3/57), all prior to surgical manipulation of the tumor. Deep sequencing of glioma-associated genes was performed on CSF-derived ctDNA and, where available, matched blood and tumor DNA from 57 patients, including nine medullary and 23 diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG). At least one tumor-specific mutation was detected in over 82.5% of CSF ctDNA samples (47/57). In cases with primary tumors harboring at least one mutation, alterations were identified in the CSF ctDNA of 97.3% of cases (36/37). In over 83% (31/37) of cases, all primary tumor alterations were detected in the CSF, and in 91.9% (34/37) of cases, at least half of the alterations were identified. Among ten patients found to have primary tumors negative for mutations, 30% (3/10) had detectable somatic alterations in the CSF. Finally, mutation detection using plasma ctDNA was less sensitive than sequencing the CSF ctDNA (38% vs. 100%, respectively). Our study indicates that deep sequencing of CSF ctDNA is a reliable technique for detecting tumor-specific alterations in brainstem tumors. This approach may offer an alternative approach to stereotactic biopsy for molecular profiling of brainstem tumors.

There is less than a decade left to accomplish the goal of ending global poverty by 2030. This paper investigates global poverty dynamics and finds a shift in the world’s poverty gravity center from South Asia to Africa in the period 1990–2015. Sub-Saharan Africa has become the main battlefield for poverty reduction in the world. Global poverty reduction has been accompanied by political instability and local conflicts, economic marginalization, rural decline, and natural hazards as well as climate change which are jointly impacting the least developed areas and making the world’s poverty reduction vulnerable to external shocks. The “STAR” scheme, including maintaining political stability, promoting targeted poverty alleviation, implementing regular assessments of poverty reduction initiatives, and revitalizing rural and poverty-stricken areas, is proposed with specific measures to enhance the resilience capacity of poverty alleviation in the world.

Background Drug‐induced organizing pneumonia (DIOP) is increasingly recognized, but systematic data on associated drugs and their biological mechanisms are limited. Methods We analyzed DIOP reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) (2004–2024). Disproportionality analysis (ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and MGPS) was performed to detect signals. Time‐to‐onset (TTO) was characterized by using Weibull analysis. Furthermore, to explore biological plausibility, we performed a post‐GWAS multivariate analysis using sparse canonical correlation analysis (sCCA) and proteome‐wide association studies (PWAS) to investigate shared genetic architecture between identified drug targets and lung injury phenotypes (ILD, IPF, CRP, and TNF). Results Analysis of 3912 DIOP reports identified strong signals across diverse categories: antineoplastics (e.g., bleomycin and decitabine), immunotherapies (e.g., pembrolizumab), and anti‐inflammatory agents (e.g., mesalazine and amiodarone). Genetic analysis revealed significant overlaps: FKBP1A (sirolimus target) and JAK1/3 (tofacitinib target) were genetically associated with ILD and TNF, suggesting shared pathways between drug targets and lung fibrosis. PWAS further validated functional links, identifying a strong positive association between GSR (nitrofurantoin target) and CRP, and between EGFR (brigatinib target) and inflammatory phenotypes. Conclusion This study integrates real‐world pharmacovigilance data with genetic validation. The findings not only highlight high‐risk drugs requiring clinical vigilance but also suggest a shared genetic architecture between drug targets and lung injury phenotypes, providing supportive evidence for the biological plausibility of these associations.

Quantum-dot optoelectronics, pivotal for lighting, lasing and photovoltaics, rely on nanocrystalline oxide electron-injection layer. Here, we discover that the prevalent surface magnesium-modified zinc oxide electron-injection layer possesses poor n-type attributes, leading to the suboptimal and encapsulation-resin-sensitive performance of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes. A heavily n-doped nanocrystalline electron-injection layer—exhibiting ohmic transport with 1000 times higher electron conductivity and improved hole blockage—is developed via a simple reductive treatment. The resulting sub-bandgap-driven quantum-dot light-emitting diodes exhibit optimal efficiency and extraordinarily-high brightness, surpassing current benchmarks by at least 2.6-fold, and reaching levels suitable for quantum-dot laser diodes with only modest bias. This breakthrough further empowers white-lighting quantum-dot light-emitting diodes to exceed the 2035 U.S. Department of Energy’s targets for general lighting, which currently accounts for ~15% of global electricity consumption. Our work opens a door for understanding and optimizing carrier transport in nanocrystalline semiconductors shared by various types of solution-processed optoelectronic devices. Zheng et al. report water vapor treatment for in-situ n-doping of ZnMgO, enabling ideal ohmic electron transport and hole blockage as the electron injection layer for quantum dot light-emitting diodes, and improving the brightness and power efficiency of R/G/B LEDs for general lighting.

Time-series Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (TS-InSAR) enables precise, wide-area ground deformation monitoring but suffers from decorrelation and heavy computation with large archives of satellite imagery. To address these challenges, this study applies temporal dimension image compression to 199 Sentinel-1 A scenes (March 25, 2017–May 11, 2024) covering the Jinchuan mining area, China. Specifically, through the construction of a covariance matrix, PL (Phase-Linking) for phase compensation, and dimensionality reduction and reconstruction processes, the time-series image datasets are compressed into 22 virtual images. These virtual images are then processed within the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PS-InSAR) framework, referred to as mini stack technology. Results show that (1) the time-series image compression mini stack technology significantly enhances computational efficiency compared to traditional time-series InSAR (TS-InSAR) methods, relieving the decorrelation issue caused by long time spans in conventional interferograms; (2) The average coherence coefficient obtained from the virtual image stack improved by 32.8%, and the sum of phase differences (SPD) decreased by 19.2% compared to the original image after full-group interferometric processing. Furthermore, the monitoring points (MPs) density extracted by mini stack technology in the deformation zone of the mining area increased by over 32 times more than the PS-InSAR method. Additionally, spatial deformation patterns derived from both approaches are consistent, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.89, a mean deformation rate difference of 0.01 mm/yr, and a standard deviation of 0.68 mm/yr. These findings confirm that mini stack technology reliably captures ground deformation while enhancing processing efficiency and data quality, making it suitable for broader applications in long-term deformation monitoring.

The complete skeleton of a new avialan dinosaur from the Tiaojishan Formation (Middle–Late Jurassic period) of Liaoning Province, China, is described and included in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of basal Paraves. Archaeopteryx back on its perch Discoveries of feathered theropod dinosaurs in China during the past two decades have prompted dramatic revisions of our ideas of the evolution of birds and the origins of flight — including the suggestion that the iconic fossil Archaeopteryx might have lain some distance from the ancestry of modern birds. Now Archaeopteryx is back on its perch with the discovery of yet another bird-like dinosaur, from the Tiaojishan Formation (Middle–Late Jurassic) of Liaoning Province, China. A new phylogenetic analysis restores Archaeopteryx as an early diverging avialan and realigns Troodontidae as the sister-group for Avialae. These results are consistent with early diversification of birds in Asia during the Middle–Late Jurassic, and a single origin for avian forelimb-powered flapping flight. The recent discovery of small paravian theropod dinosaurs with well-preserved feathers in the Middle–Late Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Liaoning Province (northeastern China) 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 has challenged the pivotal position of Archaeopteryx 3 , 4 , regarded from its discovery to be the most basal bird. Removing Archaeopteryx from the base of Avialae to nest within Deinonychosauria implies that typical bird flight, powered by the forelimbs only, either evolved at least twice, or was subsequently lost or modified in some deinonychosaurians 3 , 5 . Here we describe the complete skeleton of a new paravian from the Tiaojishan Formation of Liaoning Province, China. Including this new taxon in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis for basal Paraves does the following: (1) it recovers it as the basal-most avialan; (2) it confirms the avialan status of Archaeopteryx ; (3) it places Troodontidae as the sister-group to Avialae; (4) it supports a single origin of powered flight within Paraves; and (5) it implies that the early diversification of Paraves and Avialae took place in the Middle–Late Jurassic period.

The Artificial Potential Field (APF) algorithm has been widely used for collision avoidance on unmanned ships. However, traditional APF methods have several defects that need to be addressed. To ensure safe navigation with good seamanship and full compliance with the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGS), this study proposes a dynamic collision avoidance method based on the APF algorithm. The proposed method incorporates a ship domain priority judgment encounter situation, allowing the algorithm to perform collision avoidance operations in accordance with actual operational requirements. To address path interference and unreachable target issues, a new attractive potential field function is introduced, dividing the attractive potential field of the target point into multiple segments simultaneously. Additionally, the repulsive force on the own ship is reduced when close to the target point. The results show that the proposed method effectively resolves path oscillation problems by integrating the potential field based on traditional APF with partial ideas from the Dynamic Window Approach (DWA). In comparison with traditional APF algorithms, the overall smoothing degree was improved by 71.8%, verifying the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.