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"Xia, G."
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Let us march on! : James Weldon Johnson and the silent protest parade
A moving and inspiring nonfiction picture book about James Weldon Johnson and the first mass all-Black march for civil rights in the United States when 10,000 Black protestors, including children, marched down New York's Fifth Avenue.
BOOK
Improving contraceptive and family planning awareness on a perinatal inpatient unit
IntroductionUnplanned pregnancies are a significant risk factor in perinatal mental health. They also have the potential to result in adverse health impacts for mother, baby and children into later in life. Women from disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to access contraception. Women are more likely to on board health advice during pregnancy and post partum period due to high level of surveillance by health professionals.ObjectivesOur aim was for 90% of patients on Coombe Wood Mother and Baby Unit (MBU) to feel supported to make an informed decision about their contraception by October 2020.MethodsA questionnaire was completed by fifteen inpatients at the Mother and Baby Unit over a 4 month period (April- August 2020) to assess areas around their pregnancy and contraceptives of choice. Contraceptive training was provided by a Sexual Health Specialist to staff across multiple disciplinaries on Coombe Wood MBU. Sexual Health discussion groups were delivered by doctors to inpatients on a monthly basis. A post-intervention questionnaire was given to patients.Results•53% of patients reported unplanned pregnancies. •40% of women felt lacking confidence in choosing the right contraceptive •The most frequent question asked during the sexual health groups was regarding hormonal contraceptives impacting on mental health. •By September 100% of patients felt they were able to make an informed decision about their contraception on discharge.ConclusionsFacilitating women to make informed decisions regarding their contraception empowers them to gain autonomy, reduces the risks of physical and mental illness, improves the quality of life for mothers and babies.
Journal Article
Efficacy and safety of polymyxin B in carbapenem-resistant gram-negative organisms infections
Objective
To investigate how to use polymyxin B rationally in order to produce the best efficacy and safety in patients with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative organisms (CRO) infection.
Methods
The clinical characteristics and microbiological results of 181 patients caused by CRO infection treated with polymyxin B in the First Affiliated Hospital from July 2018 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The bacterial clearance rate, clinical efficacy, adverse drug reactions and 28 days mortality were evaluated.
Results
The overall effective rate of 181 patients was 49.72%, the total bacterial clearance rate was 42.0%, and the 28 day all-cause mortality rate was 59.1%. The effective rate and bacterial clearance rate in the group of less than 24 h from the isolation of CRO to the use of polymyxin B were significantly higher than those in the group of more than 24 h. Logistics multivariate regression analysis showed that the predictive factors for effective treatment of CRO with polymyxin B were APACHEII score, duration of polymyxin B treatment, combination of polymyxin B and other antibiotics, and bacterial clearance. 17 cases (9.36%) of acute kidney injury were considered as polymyxin B nephrotoxicity and 4 cases (23.5%) recovered after polymyxin B withdrawal. After 14 days of polymyxin B use, 3 cases of polymyxin B resistance appeared, and there were 2 cases of polymyxin B resistance in the daily dose 1.5 mg/kg/day group.
Conclusion
For CRO infection, the treatment of polymyxin B should be early, combined, optimal dose and duration of treatment, which can achieve better clinical efficacy and microbial reactions, and reduce the adverse reactions and drug resistance.
Journal Article
Evaluation of growth adaptation of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings in ionic rare earth tailings environment
The root system is an important organ for nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation in plants, while biomass allocation directly affects essential oils content, which plays an essential role in plant growth and development and resistance to adverse environmental conditions. This study was undertaken to investigate the differences and correlation of biomass allocation, root traits and essential oil content (EOC), as well as the adaptations of camphor tree with different chemical types to the ionic rare earth tailing sand habitats. Data from 1-year old cutting seedlings of
C. camphora
showed that the biomass of
C. camphora
cuttings was mainly distributed in root system, with the ratio of root biomass 49.9–72.13% and the ratio of root to canopy 1.00–2.64. The total biomass was significantly positively correlated with root length (RL), root surface area (RSA) and dry weight of fine roots (diameter ≤ 2 mm) (
P
< 0.05). Root biomass and leaf biomass were negatively and positively with specific root length (SRL) and specific root surface area (SRSA), respectively. Leaf biomass presented a positive effect on EOC (
P
< 0.05), with the correlation coefficient of 0.808. The suitability sort of these camphor trees was as follows:
C. camphora
β-linalool,
C. camphora
α-linaloolII,
C. camphora
α-linaloolI being better adapted to the ionic rare earth tailings substrate,
C. camphora
citral being the next, and
C. porrectum
β-linalool and
C. camphora
borneol being the least adaptive. EOC played a positive role in the adaptation of
C. camphora
(
R
2
= 0.6099,
P
< 0.05). Therefore camphor tree with linalool type is the appropriate choice in the ecological restoration of ionic rare earth tailings. The study could provide scientific recommendations for the ecological restoration of ionic rare earth tailings area combined with industrial development.
Journal Article
A positive crosstalk between CXCR4 and CXCR2 promotes gastric cancer metastasis
The molecular mechanism underlying gastric cancer (GC) invasion and metastasis is still poorly understood. In this study, we tried to investigate the roles of CXCR4 and CXCR2 signalings in gastric cancer metastasis. A highly invasive gastric cancer cell model was established. Chemokines receptors were profiled to search for the accountable ones. Then the underlying molecular mechanism was investigated using both
in vitro
and
in vivo
techniques, and the clinical relevance of CXCR4 and CXCR2 expression was studied in gastric cancer samples. CXCR4 and CXCR2 were highly expressed in a high invasive gastric cancer cell model and in gastric cancer tissues. Overexpression of CXCR4 and CXCR2 was associated with more advanced tumor stage and poorer survival for GC patients. CXCR4 and CXCR2 expression strongly correlated with each other in the way that CXCR2 expression changed accordingly with the activity of CXCR4 signaling and CXCR4 expression also changed in agreement with CXCR2 activity. Further studies demonstrated CXCR4 and CXCR2 can both activated NF-κB and STAT3 signaling, while NF-κBp65 can then transcriptionally activate CXCR4 and STAT3 can activate CXCR2 expression. This crosstalk between CXCR4 and CXCR2 contributed to EMT, migration and invasion of gastric cancer. Finally, Co-inhibition of CXCR4 and CXCR2 is more effective in reducing gastric cancer metastasis. Our results demonstrated that CXCR4 and CXCR2 cross-activate each other to promote the metastasis of gastric cancer.
Journal Article
Phase transformation and nanometric flow cause extreme weakening during fault slip
Earthquake instability requires fault weakening during slip. The mechanism of this weakening is central to understanding earthquake sliding and, in many cases, has been attributed to fluids. It is also unclear why major faults such as the San Andreas Fault do not exhibit significant thermal anomalies due to shear heating during sliding and whether or not fault rocks that have been melted—pseudotachylytes—are rare. High-speed friction experiments on a wide variety of rock types have shown that they all exhibit extreme weakening and that the sliding surface is nanometric and contains phases not present at the start. Here we use electron microscopy to examine these two key observations in high-speed friction experiments and compare them with high-pressure faulting experiments. We show that phase transformations occur in both cases and that they are associated with profound weakening. However, fluid is not necessary for such weakening; the nanometric fault filling is inherently weak at seismic sliding rates and it flows by grain boundary sliding. These observations suggest that pseudotachylytes are rare in nature because shear-heating-induced endothermic reactions in fault zones prevent temperature rise to melting. Microstructures preserved in the Punchbowl Fault, an ancestral branch of the San Andreas Fault, suggest similar processes during natural faulting and offer an explanation for the lack of a thermal aureole around major faults.
Faults weaken during earthquakes. Laboratory simulations of earthquake rupture show that the nanometric-scale fault gouge created during slip is inherently weak and flows by grain-boundary sliding, providing a mechanism to weaken faults.
Journal Article
Excitation of wakefields in carbon nanotubes: a hydrodynamic model approach
The interactions of charged particles with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may excite electromagnetic modes in the electron gas produced in the cylindrical graphene shell constituting the nanotube wall. This wake effect has recently been proposed as a potential novel method of short-wavelength high-gradient particle acceleration. In this work, the excitation of these wakefields is studied by means of the linearized hydrodynamic model. In this model, the electronic excitations on the nanotube surface are described treating the electron gas as a 2D plasma with additional contributions to the fluid momentum equation from specific solid-state properties of the gas. General expressions are derived for the excited longitudinal and transverse wakefields. Numerical results are obtained for a charged particle moving within a CNT, paraxially to its axis, showing how the wakefield is affected by parameters such as the particle velocity and its radial position, the nanotube radius, and a friction factor, which can be used as a phenomenological parameter to describe effects from the ionic lattice. Assuming a particle driver propagating on axis at a given velocity, optimal parameters were obtained to maximize the longitudinal wakefield amplitude.
Journal Article
Efficacy and nephrotoxicity of polymyxin B in elderly patients with carbapenem resistant bacterial infection
Background
To study the efficacy and nephrotoxicity of polymyxin B in the treatment of elderly patients with carbapenem-resistant organism (CRO) infection.
Methods
The clinical and microbiological data of patients with CRO-infected sepsis treated with polymyxin B were retrospectively analyzed. The effective rate, bacterial clearance, incidence and recovery rate of acute renal injury (AKI) and prognosis-related indicators in AKI at different stages were compared.
Results
The effective rate of 215 elderly patients with CRO infection treated with polymyxin was 50.7%. The total bacterial clearance rate was 44.2%, the total incidence of AKI was 37.2%, the recovery rate of AKI was 35%, and the incidence range of polymyxin B-related AKI was 10.2–37.2%. Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the predictors of AKI in elderly patients were high APACHE II score, long duration of polymyxin, chronic renal insufficiency and ineffective outcome; the ROC curve showed that the cutoff value for predicting AKI was a serum creatinine concentration of 73 mmol/L before polymyxin B use, and the AUC was 0.931.
Conclusions
Rational use of polymyxin B is safe and effective in elderly patients with CRO infection, and its effective outcome can improve the recovery rate of AKI.
Journal Article
Improved Antitumor Efficiency of N4-Tetradecyloxycarbonyl Gemcitabine-Loaded Liposomes for Pancreatic Cancer Chemotherapy
Background: Gemcitabine (Gem) is one of the first-line chemotherapy drugs for pancreatic cancer treatment. However, its short half-life in plasma and adverse effects limited its broader application.Methods: A novel Gem derivative (N4-tetradecyloxycarbonyl gemcitabine, tcGem) was synthesized and encapsulated into liposomes (LipotcGem) to overcome the above shortcomings.Results: LipotcGem has been successfully formulated, with the average size of 115 nm, zeta potential values of − 36 mV, encapsulation efficiency of up to 98%, and drug loading capacity of 8.1%. Compared to Gem, LipotcGem improved in vitro antitumor activity significantly, as evidenced by the lower IC50, the higher percentage of apoptotic cells, the stronger ability to inhibit cell migration and invasion due to the higher cellular accumulation (100 times). Additionally, the endocytosis of LipotcGem was mainly mediated by caveolae, and was then processed in the lysosome, where tcGem was released and hydrolyzed into Gem. LipotcGem inhibited tumor growth by 70% in subcutaneous xenograft model and 90% in orthotopic xenograft model, respectively. LipotcGem suppressed tumor metastasis and prolonged survival without perceptible systemic toxicity, which may be caused by the longer t1/2 in vivo (3.5 times, 5.23 vs 1.46 h) and more enrichment in tumor tissue (750 times).Conclusion: LipotcGem significantly increased the anti-tumor efficiency and decreased the toxicity for chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer.
Journal Article