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As an important component of the building, the sound insulation performance (SIP) of doors greatly influences the quality of the indoor acoustic environment. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic study on the SIP of wooden doors. Firstly, this study comparatively analyzes SIP across distinct core structures in both fully assembled door systems and isolated door panels, aiming to identify frequency-dependent acoustic variations across standardized bands. Secondly, acoustic finite element modeling and Gompertz’s theory of the rectangular gap sound transmission coefficient are used to further analyze the SIP of the wooden door structure across different frequency bands. This reveals the inherent relationship between the core structure, the sealing material, and the SIP of the wooden door. The results show that the SIP of the three core structures for the entire door can range from 24 dB to 27 dB. Among them, the core structure has a greater impact on low-frequency SIP, while the sealing structure has a more notable effect on high-frequency SIP. Therefore, after optimizing the wooden door design, the sound SIP can be increased by 5 dB to 8 dB. This study establishes a theoretical framework and practical design protocols for high-performance sound-insulated wooden doors, critically enabling architectural acoustic environment optimization.

Crowdfunding is an innovative strategy for financing a new business venture from the general public instead of seeking funds in traditional ways, such as issuing bonds or bank lending. This study aims to identify the determinants affecting the success of a crowdfunding campaign and how different measurements for crowdfunding success, different crowdfunding models, and the selection of subdivided determinants influence the determinants’ impacts on crowdfunding success. We set the disciplines in the search strategy to select studies related to crowdfunding success. Ultimately, 94 empirical papers are selected to reveal the different findings for the determinants of crowdfunding success; based on this information, we construct an integrated framework for future research. There has been much research on project- and creator-related factors; however, many of these factors have inconsistent relationships with crowdfunding success due to varying measurements of success. In particular, different measurements used within the same study for determinants or crowdfunding success may also produce inconsistent results. In addition, different crowdfunding models of a project have been found to induce additional findings. Our review of the determinants of crowdfunding success and the definitions of the determinants, as well as the proposed integrated framework, can help focus future work on relatively new or unique determinants rarely addressed in the existing literature. This work provides practical implications for both theory and practice, and directions for future research.

The dry-process is a sustainable and promising fabrication method for all-solid-state batteries by eliminating solvents. However, a pragmatic fabrication design for thin and robust solid-state electrolyte (SSE) layers has not been established. Herein, we report a dry-process approach that enhances mechanical stability of SSE layers from film fabrication to cell operation. By co-rolling thick SSE and positive electrode feeds, a uniform, thin SSE layer (50 µm) and a high loading positive electrode layer (5 mAh cm −2 ) with high active material ratio (80 wt%) are simultaneously achieved. This SSE-positive electrode integrated film exhibits enhanced physical properties and cyclability (> 80% retention after 500 cycles) at low stack pressure (2 MPa) compared to the freestanding counterparts, attributed to reinforced and intimate SSE-positive electrode interface constructed during co-rolling process. Additionally, an all-solid-state pouch cell with high stack-level specific energy (310 Wh kg −1 ) and energy density (805 Wh L −1 ) operating at 30 °C and 5 MPa is demonstrated. All-solid-state batteries face practical challenges such as sustainable fabrication and low-stack pressure operation. Here, authors develop a modified dry-process technique to yield robust solid electrolyte-electrode interface for practical fabrication and operation of all-solid-state batteries.

The lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling market is becoming increasingly important because of the widespread use of LIBs in every aspect of our lives. Mobile devices and electric cars represent the largest application areas for LIBs. Vigorous innovation in these sectors is spurring continuous deployment of LIB powered devices, and consequently more and more LIBs will become waste as they approach end of life. Considering the significant economic and environmental impacts, recycling is not only necessary, but also urgent. The WPI group has successfully developed a closed-loop recycling process, and has previously demonstrated it on a relatively small scale 1 kg spent batteries per experiment. Here, we show that the closed-loop recycling process can be successfully scaled up to 30 kg of spent LIBs from electric vehicle recycling streams, and the recovered cathode powder shows similar (or better) performance to equivalent commercial powder when evaluated in both coin cells and single layer pouch cells. All of these results demonstrate the closed-loop recycling process has great adaptability and can be further developed into industrial scale.

Abstract Background: Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is the commonest pediatric sellar tumor. No effective drug is available and interpatient heterogeneity is prominent. This study aimed to identify distinct molecular subgroups of ACP based on the multi-omics profiles, imaging findings, and histological features, in order to predict the response to anti-inflammatory treatment and immunotherapies. Methods: Totally 142 Chinese cases diagnosed with craniopharyngiomas were profiled, including 119 ACPs and 23 papillary craniopharyngiomas. Whole-exome sequencing (151 tumors, including recurrent ones), RNA sequencing (84 tumors), and DNA methylome profiling (95 tumors) were performed. Consensus clustering and non-negative matrix factorization were used for subgrouping, and Cox regression were utilized for prognostic evaluation, respectively. Results: Three distinct molecular subgroups were identified: WNT, ImA, and ImB. The WNT subgroup showed higher Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity, with a greater number of epithelial cells and more predominantly solid tumors. The ImA and ImB subgroups had activated inflammatory and interferon response pathways, with enhanced immune cell infiltration and more predominantly cystic tumors. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MEK/MAPK) signaling was activated only in ImA samples, while IL-6 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarkers were highly expressed in the ImB group, mostly consisting of children. The degree of astrogliosis was significantly elevated in the ImA group, with severe finger-like protrusions at the invasive front of the tumor. The molecular subgrouping was an independent prognostic factor, with the WNT group having longer event-free survival than ImB (Cox, P = 0.04). ImA/ImB cases were more likely to respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy than the WNT group (P <0.01). In the preliminary screening of subtyping markers, CD38 was significantly downregulated in WNT compared with ImA and ImB (P = 0.01). Conclusions: ACP comprises three molecular subtypes with distinct imaging and histological features. The prognosis of the WNT type is better than that of the ImB group, which is more likely to benefit from the ICB treatment.

Metal alloy negative electrodes are promising candidates for lithium all-solid-state batteries due to their high specific capacity and low cost. However, chemo-mechanical degradation and atomic transport limitations in the solid state remain unresolved challenges. Herein, we demonstrate a lithium-aluminum alloy negative electrode design (Li x Al 1 , x = molar ratio of lithium to aluminum) based on a comprehensive understanding of the underlying diffusion mechanisms within the lithium-poor α (0 ≤ x  ≤ 0.05) and lithium-rich β phases (0.95 ≤ x  ≤ 1). The lithium-aluminum alloy negative electrodes with a higher lithium to aluminum ratio facilitate lithium migration through the β-LiAl phases, which serve as highly lithium-conductive channels with a lithium diffusion coefficient that is ten orders of magnitude higher than that of the α phase. In addition, a bulk dense negative electrode and an intimate negative electrode-electrolyte interface is demonstrated in the cross-sections of the lithium-aluminum alloy negative electrodes. Consequently, a high-rate capability of 7 mA cm −2 is attained in LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 -based full-cell operation. The optimal cell configuration of Li 0.5 Al 1  | |LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 shows stable lithium reversibility during 2000 cycles with a capacity retention of 83% at 4 mA cm −2 with a LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 loading of 5 mAh cm −2 . Aluminum has been considered a promising alloy-type negative electrode for all-solid-state batteries. Here, the authors introduce a comprehensive study of β-LiAl phase-dependent Li + kinetics and microstructural evolution, leading to the demonstration of an optimized high-loading Li-Al-based cell.

CaNb2O6 single crystals with an orthorhombic columbite structure are grown via an optical floating zone (OFZ) method. The as-grown crystals are colorless and free of low-angle grain boundaries and inclusions. They are transparent (up to 62%) in the visible to the infrared region (400–1000 nm) and have a low absorption coefficient (α = 1.56). The bandgap is determined as a direct transition and Eg = 4.28 eV. The wavelength-dependent refractive index and extinction coefficient of the CaNb2O6 crystals are derived from the obtained T and α spectra. Their photoluminescence spectra exhibit a strong and broad emission band centered at 465 nm.

Background Previous research suggests that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) influence the cisplatin (DDP) tolerance of gastric cancer (GC) cells via the secretion of microRNA-containing exosomes. This study aims to investigate the role of exosomal miR-668-3p from M2 macrophages in modulating DDP resistance, using both in vitro and in vivo models to provide a comprehensive analysis. Materials and methods The expression profiles of DDP-resistant GC tissues were assessed through microarray, while immunofluorescence confirmed the uptake of these exosomes by GC cells. The role of miR-668-3p in regulating DDP resistance was explored using CCK8 assays, colony formation, EDU incorporation, and Western blotting. The interaction between miR-668-3p and ETS1 was validated through RIP and RNA pull-down assays. Furthermore, the regulatory role of the miR-668-3p/ETS1/EGFR axis in autophagy and DDP resistance was examined in GC cell lines and a tumor xenograft model. Results miR-668-3p was significantly upregulated in DDP-resistant GC tissues. Exosomes originating from M2 macrophages transfer miR-668-3p to GC cells, enhancing their DDP resistance. Additionally, miR-668-3p was found to bind to ETS1 mRNA, leading to its suppression and a consequent decrease in EGFR expression. This reduction in EGFR expression was closely linked to the activation of autophagy, further augmenting DDP resistance in GC cells. Conclusion M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-668-3p promotes DDP resistance in GC cells by targeting the ETS1/EGFR axis, thereby activating the autophagy pathway. Future research should focus on developing targeted inhibition strategies for miR-668-3p to effectively reverse DDP resistance in GC cells, optimizing its potential for clinical application.

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is a clinically aggressive tumor without effective treatment method. Previous studies proposed a paracrine tumorigenesis model, in which oncogenic β-catenin induces senescence in pituitary stem cells and the senescent cells lead the formation of paracrine tumors through secretion of pro-tumorigenic factors. However, there lacks characterization on senescent cells in ACPs. Here, we profiled 12 ACPs with single-cell RNA and TCR-sequencing to elucidate the cellular atlas in ACPs and 3 of them were also subject to spatial sequencing to localize different subpopulations of the tumor cells. In total, we obtained the transcriptome profiles of 70,682 cells. Tumor cells, which were unambiguously identified through the cellular mutation status of the driver CTNNB1 mutations, were clustered into 6 subsets. The whorl-like cluster (WC) cells show distinct molecular features from the other tumor cells and the palisading epithelium (PE) cells consists of a proliferating subset. Other than typical PE and WC, we identified two novel subpopulations of the tumor cells. In one subpopulation, the cells express a high level of cytokines, e.g., FDCSP and S100A8 / A9 , and are enriched with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Hematoxylin and eosin staining reveals that these SASP cells lack an ordered structures and their nuclei are elongated. In the other subpopulation, the cell sizes are small and they are tightly packed together with an unusual high density expressing a high level of mitochondrial genes (median 10.9%). These cells are the origin of the tumor developmental trajectories revealed by RNA velocity and pseudo-time analysis. Single-cell RNA and TCR analysis reveals that some ACPs are infiltrated with clonally expanded cytotoxic T cells. We propose a hypothesis that WC and PE are formed via different negative regulation mechanisms of the overactivated WNT/β-catenin signaling which provides a new understanding on the tumorigenesis of ACPs. The study lays a foundation for future studies on targeting senescent cells in ACPs with senolytic compounds or other therapeutic agents.

Background The taxonomic classification of the suborder Tintinnina Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, a species-rich group of planktonic ciliated protistans with a characteristic lorica, has long been ambiguous largely due to the lack of cytological and molecular data for most species. Tintinnopsis is the largest, most widespread, and most taxonomically complex genus within this group with about 170 species occurring in nearshore waters. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed that Tintinnopsis is polyphyletic. Results Here we document the live morphology, infraciliature, gene sequences, and habitat characteristics of three poorly known tintinnine species, viz. Tintinnopsis karajacensis Brandt, 1896, Tintinnopsis gracilis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, and Tintinnopsis tocantinensis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, isolated from the coastal waters of China. Based on a unique cytological feature (i.e., an elongated ciliary tuft with densely arranged kinetids) in the former two species, Antetintinnopsis gen. nov. is erected with Antetintinnopsis hemispiralis (Yin, 1956) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis hemispiralis Yin, 1956) designated as the type species. Moreover, A. karajacensis (Brandt, 1896) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis karajacensis Brandt, 1896) and A. gracilis (Kofoid & Campbell, 1929) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis gracilis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929) are placed in a highly supported clade that branches separately from Tintinnopsis clades in phylogenetic trees based on SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA sequence data, thus supporting the establishment of the new genus. One other species is assigned to Antetintinnopsis gen. nov., namely A. subacuta (Jörgensen, 1899) comb. nov. (original combination Tintinnopsis subacuta Jörgensen, 1899). Conclusions The findings of the phylogenetic analyses support the assertion that cytological characters are taxonomically informative for tintinnines. This study also contributes to the broadening of our understanding of the tintinnine biodiversity and evolution.