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"YOUNG, ALFORD"
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New Life for an Old Concept: Frame Analysis and the Reinvigoration of Studies in Culture and Poverty
Erving Goffman s attention to the concept of framing provided modern sociology with a critical means for expanding explorations of the cultural terrain of meaningmaking. Frame analysis concerns the manner in which individuals perceive and respond to particular events and circumstances. Since Goffman s introduction of the term, the concept of framing has been expanded considerably in sociological inquiry. What Goffman and many of his adherents may not have imagined, however, is that frame analysis serves as a useful tool for improved comprehension of how low-income individuals interpret and present images of their social reality. By drawing from literature that makes use of frame analysis in sociological subfields somewhat removed from research on race and poverty and incorporating data from low-income African American men who reside in Detroit, this article explores how these concepts can enrich and advance sociologically grounded cultural inquiry into poverty and argues that scholarly approaches to considering the agency of the poor can be revised and enriched.
Journal Article
Crafting Democratic Futures
As a growing number of states and municipalities consider reparative policies for Black Americans, it is important to understand what shapes support for and opposition to these policies. We explore the role that awareness of racial inequality plays in shaping attitudes. Drawing on data from a large, representative survey in Detroit and one national survey, we find that awareness of racial inequality plays a powerful role in the likelihood of supporting reparative policies. Yet, in follow-up surveys, we find that exposing respondents to information on the rationale for and importance of reparations does not shift public support. These findings suggest that it is the awareness of racial inequality that is cultivated over time that appears to be the dominant force in building support for reparations. These findings are particularly important during a time when many school districts are severely restricting access to information about the history of Black Americans.
Journal Article
Partner support in a cohort of African American families and its influence on pregnancy outcomes and prenatal health behaviors
Background
We examined how two indicators of partner involvement, relationship type and paternal support, influenced the risk of pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight) and health behaviors (prenatal care, drug use, and smoking) among African American women.
Methods
Interview and medical record data were obtained from a study of 713 adult African American women delivering singletons between March 2001 and July 2004. Women were enrolled prenatally if they received care at one of three Johns Hopkins Medical Institution (JHMI) prenatal clinics or post-partum if they delivered at JHMI with late, no or intermittent prenatal care. Relationship type was classified as married, unmarried/cohabitating, or unmarried/non-cohabitating. Partner support was assessed using an 8-item scale and was dichotomized at the median. Differences in partner support by pregnancy outcome and health behaviors were assessed using linear regression. To assess measures of partner support as predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes and health behaviors, Poisson regression was used to generate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
There were no statistically significant differences in pregnancy outcomes or health behaviors by relationship type or when partner support was examined as a continuous or categorical variable. Modeled as a dichotomous variable, partner support was not associated with the risk of preterm birth (PR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.56, 1.56), low birth weight (PR = 0.77, 96% CI = 0.48, 1.26), or health behaviors.
Conclusions
Paternal involvement was not associated with pregnancy outcomes or maternal health behaviors. Attention to measurement issues and other factors relevant for African American women are discussed.
Journal Article
Comment: Reactions from the Perspective of Culture and Low-Income Fatherhood
The four articles discussed here provide descriptive assessments of the state of research on low-income fatherhood in America and reflect the richness and vastness of contemporary research in this area. In particular, the articles by Lawrence Berger and Callie Langton (\"Young Disadvantaged Men as Fathers\"), Laura Tach and Kathryn Edin (\"The Relationship Contexts of Young Disadvantaged Men\"), and Marcia Carlson and Katherine Magnuson (\"Low-Income Fathers' Influences on Children\") convey the extent to which the choice-making and behavior of low-income fathers involve a broader arena of considerations than implied by the long-standing concern with the narrow question of whether such men are committed to being involved fathers. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]
Journal Article
Uncovering a Hidden \I\ in Contemporary Urban Ethnography
Considerations of the self in ethnography have taken on various forms, including reportage of how the researcher gained access to a field site as well as achieved rapport with those who were the focus of study. I contend here that there exists a less well-recognized form of selfhood in ethnography that pertains to the moral self of the ethnographer. This self reflects the sociopolitical or aesthetic orientation taken by the ethnographer of the problem that has framed the research endeavor resulting in the ethnographic product. Through assessments of the work of some ethnographers, including myself, who study people in social categories in which the ethnographer holds membership, this essay explores that dimension of the ethnographer's moral self.
Journal Article
Faculty identities and the challenge of diversity
This book focuses on understanding the experiences of faculty members of various races/ethnicities and genders and their classroom encounters with students in the United States. It illustrates some of the dynamics for faculty members facing the challenges and opportunities the diversity presents.
eBook
The Black Masculinities of Barack Obama: Some Implications for African American Men
This essay describes how the presidential campaign of Barack Obama reflected two tendencies of social conduct for African American men, colloquially summed up in African American public discourse as \"keeping it real\" and \"keeping it proper.\" The first refers to African Americans' efforts to behave in public settings in ways that presumably indicate a strong social connection to other African Americans, or that validate black Americans over and against some notion of a non-African American standard of social conduct. The latter refers to African Americans' efforts to adhere to presumably \"mainstream\" behavioral standards, whereby the humanity of black Americans is demonstrated and advanced. The essay explores how Obama exemplified both perspectives during his presidential campaign and discusses what implications his effort to balance these two, often diametrically opposed, tendencies has for forwarding new conceptions of African American masculinity.
Journal Article
