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The efficient use of renewable X/γ-rays or accelerated electrons for chemical transformation of CO 2 and water to fuels holds promise for a carbon-neutral economy; however, such processes are challenging to implement and require the assistance of catalysts capable of sensitizing secondary electron scattering and providing active metal sites to bind intermediates. Here we show atomic Cu-Ni dual-metal sites embedded in a metal-organic framework enable efficient and selective CH 3 OH production (~98%) over multiple irradiated cycles. The usage of practical electron-beam irradiation (200 keV; 40 kGy min −1 ) with a cost-effective hydroxyl radical scavenger promotes CH 3 OH production rate to 0.27 mmol g −1  min −1 . Moreover, time-resolved experiments with calculations reveal the direct generation of CO 2 •‒ radical anions via aqueous electrons attachment occurred on nanosecond timescale, and cascade hydrogenation steps. Our study highlights a radiolytic route to produce CH 3 OH with CO 2 feedstock and introduces a desirable atomic structure to improve performance. Most approaches for CH 3 OH production focus on thermochemical, electrolytic, and photolytic processes. Here the authors report a radiolytic route to produce CH 3 OH from CO 2 and water by atomic Cu-Ni dual sites embedded in a metal-organic framework.

Catheter three-dimensional (3D) position reconstruction is a technology that reconstructs spatial positions from multiple two-dimensional (2D) images. It plays a pivotal role in endovascular surgical navigation, guiding surgical catheters during minimally invasive procedures within vessels. While deep learning approaches have demonstrated significant potential for catheter 3D reconstruction, their clinical applicability is limited due to the lack of annotated datasets. In this work, we propose a synthetic data generation pipeline coupled with a multi-task deep learning framework for simultaneous catheter 3D reconstruction and segmentation from biplanar 2D X-ray images. Our pipeline begins with a novel synthetic data generation methodology that creates realistic catheter datasets with precise ground truth annotations. We next present a combined catheter segmentation and 3D reconstruction architecture, utilizing shared encoder features, in the context of a multi-task deep learning framework. Finally, our work demonstrates the effectiveness of the synthetic data generation method for training deep learning models for 3D reconstruction and segmentation of medical instruments.

Two-dimensional antiferromagnets that combine the dual advantages of van der Waals (vdW) and antiferromagnetic materials, provide an unprecedented platform to explore emergent spin-related phenomena. However, electrical manipulation of Néel vectors in vdW antiferromagnets —the cornerstone of antiferromagnetic spintronics— remains challenging. Here, we report layer-dependent electrical switching of the Néel vector in an A-type vdW antiferromagnet (Fe, Co) 3 GaTe 2 (FCGT) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The Néel vector of FCGT with odd-number vdW layers can be 180° reversed via spin-orbit torques. Furthermore, we achieve field-free switching in an all-vdW, all-antiferromagnet heterostructure of FCGT/CrSBr in which the noncollinear interfacial spin texture breaks the mirror symmetry. Our results establish layer-controlled spin symmetries and interfacial spin engineering as universal paradigms for manipulating antiferromagnetic order, paving the way for realising reliable and efficient vdW antiferromagnetic devices. Antiferromagnets have negligible stray magnetic fields and are robust against magnetic perturbations, making them ideal for high-density magnetic memory. However, these features make electrically switching the Néel vector challenging. Here, Guo, Lin and coauthors demonstrate layer-dependent electrical switching of a van der Waals antiferromagnet.

Two-dimensional arrays of magnetically coupled nanomagnets provide a mesoscopic platform for exploring collective phenomena as well as realizing a broad range of spintronic devices. In particular, the magnetic coupling plays a critical role in determining the nature of the cooperative behavior and providing new functionalities in nanomagnet-based devices. Here, we create coupled Ising-like nanomagnets in which the coupling between adjacent nanomagnetic regions can be reversibly converted between parallel and antiparallel through solid-state ionic gating. This is achieved with the voltage-control of the magnetic anisotropy in a nanosized region where the symmetric exchange interaction favors parallel alignment and the antisymmetric exchange interaction, namely the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, favors antiparallel alignment of the nanomagnet magnetizations. Applying this concept to a two-dimensional lattice, we demonstrate a voltage-controlled phase transition in artificial spin ices. Furthermore, we achieve an addressable control of the individual couplings and realize an electrically programmable Ising network, which opens up new avenues to design nanomagnet-based logic devices and neuromorphic computers. Arranging nanomagnets into a two-dimensional lattice provides access to a rich landscape of magnetic behaviours. Control of the interactions between the nanomagnets after fabrication is a challenge. Here, Yun et al demonstrate all-electrical control of magnetic couplings in a two-dimensional array of nanomagnets using ionic gating.

Background Childhood and peer experiences can influence adolescents’ perceptions of interpersonal relationships, which can, in turn, influence their emotional states and behavior patterns. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is now a common problem behavior among adolescents. The present study examined the role of childhood trauma and peer victimization in adolescents’ NSSI. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1783 adolescents (1464 girls and 318 boys) in the psychiatric outpatient clinics or wards of 14 psychiatric hospitals or general hospitals in nine provinces in China. Data were collected using the Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale (MPVS), Short-form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ-SF), and Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM). Structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables was used to demonstrate the mediating role of peer victimization in the association between childhoodtrauma and NSSI. Results The SEM analysis demonstrated that peer victimization plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and NSSI. In addition, several covariates (such as age, gender, education level, and place of residence) effectively regulated the relationship between peer victimization and NSSI. Conclusion In future studies of NSSI among Chinese adolescents, attention should be paid to the roles of childhood trauma and peer bullying; there is a temporal sequence between these two variables and, to some extent, childhood trauma can have an impact on bullying during adolescence which, in turn, influences NSSI behavior.

Micro-light-emitting diodes (Micro-LEDs) are a new type of display device based on the third-generation semiconductor gallium nitride (GaN) material which stands out for its high luminous efficiency, elevated brightness, short response times, and high reliability. The contact between anode layers and P-GaN is one of the keys to improving the performance of the devices. This study investigates the impact of electrode structure design and optimized annealing conditions on the anode contact performance of devices. The Micro-LED device with the size of 9.1 μm whose electrode structure is ITO/Ti/Al/Ni/Cr/Pt/Au (100/50/350/100/500/500/5000 Å) exhibits a significant improvement in contact performance after annealing under the Ar gas atmosphere at 500 °C for 5 min. The optimized device exhibited a current of 10.9 mA and a brightness of 298,628 cd/m 2 under 5 V. The EQE peak value of Device A is 10.06% at 400 mA.

Ferromagnetic order-induced insulator-to-metal transitions via the double exchange mechanism have been studied widely. In contrast, ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic spontaneous magnetization induced metal-to-insulator transitions (MITs), especially occurring above room temperature, remain extremely limited, although such magnetoelectric materials hold great potential for low-loss multifunctional electronic and spintronic devices. Here, a novel 3 d/ 5 d hybridized quadruple perovskite oxide, CaCu 3 Ni 2 Os 2 O 12 , was synthesized. It undergoes long-range Cu 2+ (↑)–Ni 2+ (↑)–Os 6+ (↓) ferrimagnetic order with a high Curie temperature of 393 K, maintaining a saturated magnetization of 2.15 μ B /f.u. at 300 K. Intriguingly, an MIT is found to occur concurrently at the Curie temperature. Theoretical analyses reveal that the ferrimagnetic spontaneous order significantly renormalizes the electronic band structure, which can be further modified by electronic correlation and spin–orbit coupling effects, leading to the MIT via the Lifshitz-type mechanism. This work thus provides a paradigm material to realize ferrimagnetic spontaneous magnetization induced MIT at a high critical temperature toward advanced applications. Insulator-to-metal transitions induced by spontaneous magnetization above room temperature have rarely been observed. Here, the authors show that this transition, along with concurrent high-temperature ferrimagnetic order, is realized in the novel 3d/5d hybridized quadruple perovskite oxide CaCu 3 Ni 2 Os 2 O 12 .

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a growing trend among regulatory agencies to consider the use of historical controls in clinical trials as a means of improving the efficiency of trial design. In this paper, to enhance the statistical operating characteristic of Phase I dose-finding trials, we propose a novel model-assisted design method named “MEM-Keyboard”. Methods: The proposed design is based on the multisource exchangeability models (MEMs) that allows for dynamic borrowing of information from multiple supplemental data sources, including historical trial data, to inform the dose-escalation process. Furthermore, with the frequent occurrence of delayed toxicity in novel anti-cancer drugs, we extended our proposed method to handle late-onset toxicity by incorporating historical data. This extended method is referred to as “MEM-TITE-Keyboard” and aims to improve the efficiency of early clinical trials. Results: Simulation studies have indicated that the proposed methods can improve the probability of correctly selecting the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) with an acceptable level of risk, compared to designs that do not account for information borrowing and late-onset toxicity. Discussion: The MEM-Keyboard and MEM-TITE-Keyboard, easy to implement in practice, provide a useful tool for identifying MTD and accelerating drug development.

Chromolaena odorata is one of the most common invasive plants, as the phosphorus input from guano in the coral islands continuously decreasing, causing substantial harm to the native vegetation in recent years. In the current study, we investigated the effects of soil phosphorous content, light intensity and competition on several physiological traits (plant height, leaf area, maximum net photosynthetic rate, and relative growth rate) of C. odorata and the native species Pisonia grandis and Scaevola taccada based on a greenhouse experiment with two light intensities and three levels of soil available phosphorus (P) content. We also evaluated the effects of light intensity and soil phosphorus content (and their interaction) on the relative yield and aggressivity coefficient of the invasive species C. odorata . The results showed that low light intensity significantly inhibited the growth of the three species. However, the high P treatment significantly inhibited the growth of C. odorata and P. grandis and significantly increased the growth of S. taccada under full-light conditions. The effect of soil P content on the interspecific competition among C. odorata , P. grandis , and S. taccada was mediated by light intensity and species combination. The high P treatment significantly reduced the competitive advantage of C. odorata over P. grandis . The results demonstrate that shaded habitats with a high soil P content could restrict invasion by C. odorata. This suggests that the invasiveness of C. odorata in tropical coral islands can be reduced by protecting native vegetation and thus increasing shade and soil P content.

The synthesis of novel structural materials is one of the hot topics in advanced materials. Herein, the hollow urchin-like structure of manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) was synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal strategy, demonstrating exceptional microwave absorption properties. The multiphase MnO 2 has a hollow urchin-like structure composed of α-MnO 2 and γ-MnO 2 , which exhibits outstanding impedance matching characteristics and favorable attenuation abilities. In the frequency range of 2–18 GHz, the hollow urchin-like α/γ-MnO 2 presents excellent microwave absorption with the minimum reflection loss ( RL min ) of − 53.3 dB at 14.17 GHz with a thickness of only 1.9 mm, and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) can reach 5.45 GHz at the same thickness. Meanwhile, the hollow urchin-like α/γ-MnO 2 shows a practical microwave absorption capacity of approximately with EAB of 4.97 GHz at the ultrathin thickness of 1.5 mm via adjusting absorbent concentration. This study confirms the exceptional performance of the material in terms of its microwave absorption, providing valuable insights for the development of environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and high-performance materials.