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As a special garden unique to China, the front garden of multi-storey residential buildings has certain public attributes but is managed by a single owner. In this study, the front gardens of multi-storey residential buildings in Jiangsu province, China, were set as research object. Meanwhile, the size of garden, plant type, plant vertical structure, color number, plant coverage, and fence material were chosen as the landscape features to be explored. Then the experiments were conducted to reveal the visual impact assessment rendered by the public with different demographic attributes and the results obtained were analyzed. As is indicated by the statistical analysis, significant differences exist between the owners and the public in their visual impact assessments of the front gardens; the six landscape features are the main factors that influence the public’s visual impact assessment; and the public with different demographic attributes would render different visual impact assessments of front gardens. This study offers valuable help for the design of front gardens of multi-storey residential buildings.

The subway is one of urban residents’ main means of public transportation. The design of entrance pavilions to subway stations has shown a diverse development trend over time. Since most of the subway building space is underground, it is very difficult for subway users or the public to view the structure fully. In this instance, the ground-level entrance pavilion becomes the most eye-catching element in the subway system. From the perspective of the urban spatial environment, the external form of entrance pavilions is one of the components of urban architecture. The design of the external form of entrance pavilions has an important impact on the urban spatial form and affects people’s feelings about the urban space. Therefore, it is essential to study the external form of entrance pavilions. This study investigated 42 subway entrance pavilions in 17 cities in China. The following features were studied: exterior contour, façade permeability, cultural characteristics, decorative materials, and the number of exterior colors. The photostimulation method was adopted to evaluate the influence of the physical features of the external form of the entrance pavilions on respondents’ visual impact assessment. The data analysis showed that respondents with different demographic characteristics provided different visual impact assessments of the external form of the entrance pavilions, and all five physical features influenced their assessment. This study offers a valuable reference for constructing entrance pavilions and urban spaces in Chinese cities in the future.

In the era of intellectualization, many substation inspection robots are being put into operation, but they will cause electric field distortion in the surrounding space during operation. This paper establishes a three-dimensional simplified simulation calculation model for 500kV substations and inspection robots. Based on the boundary element method, we simulate the power frequency electric field of the substation switchyard and analysis the distortion electric field when the inspection robot is in the station. The results show that when the electric field intensity is strong, the distortion coefficient caused by the robot will be larger, and the maximum can reach 2.25 times, and when the electric field intensity is small, the distortion coefficient will be smaller, and the distortion coefficient is 1.42 times on average.

Spinal cord injury in mammals is thought to trigger scar formation with little regeneration of axons 1 – 4 . Here we show that a crush injury to the spinal cord in neonatal mice leads to scar-free healing that permits the growth of long projecting axons through the lesion. Depletion of microglia in neonatal mice disrupts this healing process and stalls the regrowth of axons, suggesting that microglia are critical for orchestrating the injury response. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and functional analyses, we find that neonatal microglia are transiently activated and have at least two key roles in scar-free healing. First, they transiently secrete fibronectin and its binding proteins to form bridges of extracellular matrix that ligate the severed ends of the spinal cord. Second, neonatal—but not adult—microglia express several extracellular and intracellular peptidase inhibitors, as well as other molecules that are involved in resolving inflammation. We transplanted either neonatal microglia or adult microglia treated with peptidase inhibitors into spinal cord lesions of adult mice, and found that both types of microglia significantly improved healing and axon regrowth. Together, our results reveal the cellular and molecular basis of the nearly complete recovery of neonatal mice after spinal cord injury, and suggest strategies that could be used to facilitate scar-free healing in the adult mammalian nervous system. In neonatal mice, scar-free healing after spinal cord injury is organized by microglia, and transplantation of neonatal microglia or peptidase-inhibitor-treated adult microglia into adult mice after injury improves healing and axon regrowth.

Accurate prediction of blood glucose levels is essential for type 1 diabetes optimizing insulin therapy and minimizing complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. Using ensemble learning algorithms is a promising approach. In this regard, this study proposes an improved stacking ensemble learning algorithm for predicting blood glucose level, in which three improved long short-term memory network models are used as the base model, and an improved nearest neighbor propagation clustering algorithm is adaptively weighted to this ensemble model. The OhioT1DM dataset is used to train and evaluate the performance of the proposed model. This study evaluated the performance of the proposed model using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) as the evaluation metrics. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves an RMSE of 1.425 mg/dL, MAE of 0.721 mg/dL, and MCC of 0.982 mg/dL for a 30-minute prediction horizon(PH), RMSE of 3.212 mg/dL, MAE of 1.605 mg/dL, and MCC of 0.950 mg/dL for a 45-minute PH; and RMSE of 6.346 mg/dL, MAE of 3.232 mg/dL, and MCC of 0.930 mg/dL for a 60-minute PH. Compared with the best non-ensemble model StackLSTM, the RMSE and MAE were improved by up to 27.92% and 65.32%, respectively. Clarke Error Grid Analysis and critical difference diagram revealed that the model errors were within 10%. The model proposed in this study exhibits state-of-the-art predictive performance, making it suitable for clinical decision-making and of significant importance for the effective treatment of diabetes in patients.

Beclin 1, an autophagy and haploinsufficient tumor-suppressor protein, is frequently monoallelically deleted in breast and ovarian cancers. However, the precise mechanisms by which Beclin 1 inhibits tumor growth remain largely unknown. To address this question, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen in MCF7 breast cancer cells to identify genes whose loss of function reverse Beclin 1-dependent inhibition of cellular proliferation. Small guide RNAs targeting CDH1 and CTNNA1, tumor-suppressor genes that encode cadherin/catenin complex members E-cadherin and alpha-catenin, respectively, were highly enriched in the screen. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of CDH1 or CTNNA1 reversed Beclin 1-dependent suppression of breast cancer cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, deletion of CDH1 or CTNNA1 inhibited the tumor-suppressor effects of Beclin 1 in breast cancer xenografts. Enforced Beclin 1 expression in MCF7 cells and tumor xenografts increased cell surface localization of E-cadherin and decreased expression of mesenchymal markers and beta-catenin/Wnt target genes. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of BECN1 and the autophagy class III phosphatidylinositol kinase complex 2 (PI3KC3-C2) gene, UVRAG, but not PI3KC3-C1–specific ATG14 or other autophagy genes ATG13, ATG5, or ATG7, resulted in decreased E-cadherin plasma membrane and increased cytoplasmic E-cadherin localization. Taken together, these data reveal previously unrecognized cooperation between Beclin 1 and E-cadherin–mediated tumor suppression in breast cancer cells.

Autophagy increases the lifespan of model organisms; however, its role in promoting mammalian longevity is less well-established 1 , 2 . Here we report lifespan and healthspan extension in a mouse model with increased basal autophagy. To determine the effects of constitutively increased autophagy on mammalian health, we generated targeted mutant mice with a Phe121Ala mutation in beclin 1 ( Becn1 F121A / F121A ) that decreases its interaction with the negative regulator BCL2. We demonstrate that the interaction between beclin 1 and BCL2 is disrupted in several tissues in Becn1 F121A/F121A knock-in mice in association with higher levels of basal autophagic flux. Compared to wild-type littermates, the lifespan of both male and female knock-in mice is significantly increased. The healthspan of the knock-in mice also improves, as phenotypes such as age-related renal and cardiac pathological changes and spontaneous tumorigenesis are diminished. Moreover, mice deficient in the anti-ageing protein klotho 3 have increased beclin 1 and BCL2 interaction and decreased autophagy. These phenotypes, along with premature lethality and infertility, are rescued by the beclin 1(F121A) mutation. Together, our data demonstrate that disruption of the beclin 1–BCL2 complex is an effective mechanism to increase autophagy, prevent premature ageing, improve healthspan and promote longevity in mammals. A knock-in mutation in beclin 1 that increases autophagy in mice extends animal lifespan, improves healthspan, and also rescues early lethality in mice deficient in the anti-ageing protein klotho.

Allelic loss of the autophagy gene, beclin 1/BECN1, increases the risk of patients developing aggressive, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive, breast cancers; however, it is not known whether autophagy induction may be beneficial in preventing HER2-positive breast tumor growth. We explored the regulation of autophagy in breast cancer cells by HER2 in vitro and the effects of genetic and pharmacological strategies to increase autophagy on HER2-driven breast cancer growth in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that HER2 interacts with Beclin 1 in breast cancer cells and inhibits autophagy. Mice with increased basal autophagy due to a genetically engineered mutation in Becn1 are protected from HER2-driven mammary tumorigenesis, and HER2 fails to inhibit autophagy in primary cells derived from these mice. Moreover, treatment of mice with HER2-positive human breast cancer xenografts with the Tat-Beclin 1 autophagy-inducing peptide inhibits tumor growth as effectively as a clinically used HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). This inhibition of tumor growth is associated with a robust induction of autophagy, a disruption of HER2/Beclin 1 binding, and a transcriptional signature in the tumors distinct from that observed with HER2 TKI treatment. Taken together, these findings indicate that the HER2-mediated inhibition of Beclin 1 and autophagy likely contributes to HER2-mediated tumorigenesis and that strategies to block HER2/Beclin 1 binding and/or increase autophagy may represent a new therapeutic approach for HER2-positive breast cancers.

Background In older individuals, the role of low serum uric acid (SUA) as risk factor for mortality is debated. We therefore studied whether SUA levels, particularly low SUA concentrations, are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in older population, and to clarify potential effect modification of kidney function. Methods We identified 14,005 older people in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2018. SUA was measured only at baseline. The relationship between SUA and mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline Cox regression stratified by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results During mean 8.3 years of follow-up, 4852 all-cause death and 1602 CV death were recorded. A significant U-shaped association was observed between SUA with all-cause mortality, with the lowest risk concentration of 5.5 mg/dL. Comparing to the reference group (5 to 7 mg/dL), the HR of 2 to < 5 mg/dL group was 1.11 (1.03–1.21) and 1.14 (1.00–1.30). This relationship was more pronounced in participants with an eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m 2 (HR, 1.16; 95%CI, 1.06—1.28). This situation similarly occurred in Urine protein negative group (HR, 1.14; 95%CI, 1.04—1.25). Conclusions Low SUA concentrations are associated with an increased risk in all-cause and CV mortality among older participants. Extremely low SUA concentrations are especially undesirable, especially in the older adults with normal kidney function.

In order to clarify the change characteristics of soil organic carbon and its components in sandy land after restoration of different artificial vegetation measures, this study took 4 common artificial planting measures in Hulunbuir Sandy Land as the research object and took mobile sandy land as the control (CK). The results show the following: (1) The soil organic carbon content of the treatment measures was as follows: arbor-irrigation-grass (22.96 g·kg−1) > single arbor (12.68 g·kg−1) > single shrub (11.17 g·kg−1) > single herb (8.89 g·kg−1) > CK (1.14 g·kg−1). The soil organic carbon showed an increasing trend, and the change was significant. (2) The contents of POC (Particulate Organic Carbon), MBC (Microbial Organic Carbon), DOC (Soluble Organic Carbon) and EOC () in soil were significantly increased by planting treatment measures, and the contents of each component in the combination mode of tree, shrub and grassland were the highest, which were increased by 1541.32%, 302.44%, 340% and 204.88% compared with CK. (3) There Please check that intended meaning has been retained. was a significant positive correlation between SOC and its components, and the correlation coefficients were 0.93, 0.91, 0.93, and 0.93, respectively. TC, TN and TP are all important influencing factors of POC. The correlation coefficient between DOC and MBC, MBC and EOC reached 0.96. (4) The carbon sequestration effect of the combination of trees, shrubs, and grassland is good, and the vegetation growth is good, which is conducive to the accumulation of organic carbon in the surface soil. It is suggested that the combination of treess, shrubs, and grassland should be adopted in the process of sandy land management.