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Background Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide range of diseases. However, the genotype diversity and epidemiological information relating to HAdVs among hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is limited. Here, we describe the epidemiology and genotype distribution of HAdVs associated with RTIs in Beijing, China. Methods Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were collected from hospitalized children with RTIs from April 2017 to March 2018. HAdVs were detected by a TaqMan-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, and the hexon gene was used for phylogenetic analysis. Epidemiological data were analyzed using statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) 21.0 software. Results HAdV was detected in 72 (5.64%) of the 1276 NPA specimens, with most (86.11%, 62/72) HAdV-positives cases detected among children < 6 years of age. HAdV-B3 (56.06%, 37/66) and HAdV-C2 (19.70%, 13/66) were the most frequent. Of the 72 HAdV-infected cases, 27 (37.50%) were co-infected with other respiratory viruses, most commonly parainfluenza virus (12.50%, 9/72) and rhinovirus (9.72%, 7/72). The log number of viral load ranged from 3.30 to 9.14 copies per mL of NPA, with no significant difference between the HAdV mono- and co-infection groups. The main clinical symptoms in the HAdV-infected patients were fever and cough, and 62 (86.11%, 62/72) were diagnosed with pneumonia. Additionally, HAdVs were detected throughout the year with a higher prevalence in summer. Conclusions HAdV prevalence is related to age and season. HAdV-B and HAdV-C circulated simultaneously among the hospitalized children with RTIs in Beijing, and HAdV-B type 3 and HAdV-C type 2 were the most frequent.

In this paper, the Korteweg-de Vries-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers (KdV-BBM-B) equation is investigated which plays an essential role in numerous subjects of engineering and science. Using the theory of planar dynamical systems, we qualitatively analyze the bounded traveling wave solutions of the KdV-BBM-B equation. The conditions about the presence of bounded traveling wave solutions are obtained resoundingly. Meanwhile, the relationships between the waveform of the bounded traveling wave solution and the dissipation coefficient γ are investigated. Furthermore, when the absolute value of the dissipation coefficient γ is bigger than the critical value, the equation has a kink solitary wave solution. Nevertheless, when |γ| is less than the critical value, the solution has oscillatory and damped properties. According to the evolution relations of orbits in the global phase portraits which the damped oscillatory solutions correspond to, by using undetermined coefficients method, we obtain the approximate damped oscillatory solutions with a bell head and oscillatory tail, and the approximate damped oscillatory solutions with a kink head and oscillatory tail. By the idea of homogenization principle, we give the error estimates for these approximate solutions by establishing the integral equations reflecting the relations between approximate damped oscillatory solutions and their exact solutions. The errors are infinitesimal decreasing in the exponential form. Finally, to better understand the dynamics of the oscillatory damped solution, we give a graphical analysis of the effect of the dissipation coefficient γ on it.

[3,4] This article reviews the research progress on pyroptosis in AP, with a focus on understanding the pathogenesis of AP and providing references for the identification of new therapeutic targets [Supplementary Figure 1, http://links.lww.com/CM9/A630]. [11,12] The membrane pores formed by the pyroptosis effector GSDMD can release cytoplasmic contents, with the result that inflammasome effectors (such as IL-1, IL-1β, and IL-18) and inflammatory mediators (such as eicosanoid compounds) are released to the extracellular environment, but the membrane pores are small enough to retain organelles and trap bacteria to prevent bacterial spread, thus forming a structure called pore-induced intracellular traps (PITs). ESCRT is a highly conserved transport system that is ubiquitous in yeast and other eukaryotic cells, and plays a role in repairing light-induced plasma membrane damage, multivesicular body formation, virus germination, and cell division. Ultrastructural analysis shows that there are large intracellular vesicles near the wound, which suggests that Ca2+ influx induces the homotypic fusion of intracellular vesicles, forming large extracellular membrane plaques, which can promote resealing when fused with the wound through ESCRT-mediated plasma membrane budding and shedding.

Apart from starvation, autophagy is critical in responding to a diverse range of stressors namely hypoxia, infection, endoplasmic reticulum stress, tissue remodeling, cellular debris breakdown, turnover of damaged organelles, tumor suppression, immune response, and cell death. [4,5] The activation and execution of autophagy can be divided into two stages: (1) signal transmission with molecular switches that induce or turn off autophagy (protein kinase A, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR]) and (2) the morphologically detectable execution stage: initial (dependent on the Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 complex), nucleation (dependent on BECLIN1-PtdIns3KC3-ATG14L complex), extension and closure (dependent on Autophagy protein 12 [Atg12]-Atg5 and light chain 3 [LC3]-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate system), and cycling (dependent on Atg9). [2] Kim et al[6] showed that ATG16L1-deficient macrophages exhibited Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor or inducing IFN-β dependent activation of the inflammasome, resulting in the production of high amounts of the inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. [...]it has been demonstrated that autophagy can modulate cytokine-induced programmed cell death in intestinal epithelium, limiting intestinal inflammation. Recent work has suggested that deletion of the Atg5 gene in intestinal epithelial cells results in accumulation of mitochondria and ROS in leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) ISCs and impaired their

Background：Portal-vein stent combined with one iodine-125 （^125I） seed strand has become a new treatment for portal vein tumor thrombosis.However,dosimetric aspects of this irradiation stent have not been reported.Therefore,we aimed to undertake dosimetric analyses comparing portal-vein stents combined with different numbers of ^125I seed strands.Methods：A water cylinder was created by a treatment-planning system to simulate a portal-vein stent.The stent was combined with one,two,or three ^125I seed strands （Groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ,respectively）.At different prescribed doses （PDs）,^125I seeds of identical activities were loaded on Groups Ⅰ-Ⅲ.Conformation number （CN）,external volume index,and homogeneity index were calculated.Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the obtained data.Results：For identical ^125I seed activity,when the 125I seed strand increased from one chain to two,D90 （dose delivered to 90% of the target volume） increased by ≥184%;when it increased from two chains to three,D90 increased by ≥63%.When the PD was 105 Gy and 125I seed strands increased from one chain to two,V100 （percentage of the target volume receiving ≥90% of the PD） increased by 158-249%;when it increased from two chains to three,V100 increased by 7-175%.CN was correlated positively with 125I seed activity （B =0.479,P 〈 0.001） and number of ^125I seed strands （B =0.201,P 〈 0.001） and was independent of PD （B =-0.002,P =0.078）.Conclusions：A portal-vein stent combined with a single 125I seed strand could not meet dosimetry requirements.For a stent combined with two 125I seed strands,when the PD was 1 05 Gy and seed activity was 0.7 mCi,the dose distribution could satisfy dosimetry requirements.For a stent combined with three 125I seed strands,if the PD was 105,125,or 145 Gy,the recommended seed activities were 0.5,0.5,and 0.6 mCi,respectively.

Background： A novel radioactive ^125I seed-loaded biliary stent has been used for patients with malignant biliary obstruction. However, the dosimetric characteristics of the stents remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to describe the dosimetry of the stents of different lengths -- with different number as well as activities of ^125I seeds. Methods： The radiation dosimetry of three representative radioactive stent models was evaluated using a treatment planning system （TPS）, thermoluminescent dosimeter （TLD） measurements, and Monte Carlo （MC） simulations. In the process of TPS calculation and TLD measurement, two different water-equivalent phantoms were designed to obtain cumulative radial dose distribution. Calibration procedures using TLD in the designed phantom were also conducted. MC simulations were performed using the Monte Carlo N-Particle extended version 2.5 general purpose code to calculate the radioactive stent＇s three-dimensional dose rate distribution in liquid water. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the factors influencing radial dose distribution of the radioactive stent. Results： The maximum reduction in cumulative radial dose was 26% when the seed activity changed from 0.5 mCi to 0,4 mCi for the same length of radioactive stents. The TLD＇s dose response in the range of 0-10 mGy irradiation by ^137Cs y-ray was linear： y = 182225x - 6651.9 （R2 = 0.99152; y is the irradiation dose in mGy, x is the TLDs＇ reading in nC）. When TLDs were irradiated by different energy radiation sources to a dose of 1 mGy, reading of TLDs was different. Doses at a distance of 0.1 cm from the three stents＇ surface simulated by MC were 79, 93, and 97 Gy. Conclusions： TPS calculation, TLD measurement, and MC simulation were performed and were found to be in good agreement. Although the whole experiment was conducted in water-equivalent phantom, data in our evaluation may provide a theoretical basis for dosimetry for the clinical application.

Background： Coronary artery disease （CAD） is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue diseases （CTDs）. Risk factors and clinical characteristics in these patients are not equivalent to those in traditional CAD patients. The objective of this study was to report short- and long-term clinical outcomes in a consecutive series of patients with CTD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention （PC1） with stent implantation. Methods： The study group comprised 106 consecutive patients with CTD who underwent PCI in Beijing Friendship Hospital between January 2009 and June 2012. Medical records were analyzed retrospectively including clinical basic material, coronary angiogram data, and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events （MACEs） during the short- and long-term （median 3 years） follow-up. Results： Ninety-two of the patients （86.8%） had one or more traditional CAD risk lhctors. Multivessel disease was present in more than 2/3 of patients （73.6%）. Tbe left anterior descending coronary artery was the most commonly affected vessel （65. 1%）. Five bare-metal stents and 202 drug-eluting stents were implanted. After a median follow-up period of 36 months, thirteen patients （12.3%） died from cardiac causes, the rate of stent thrombosis was 9.4%, and the rate of target vessel revascularization （TVR） was 14.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed that hypertension （hazard ratio [HR] = 3.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 1.30-7.24, P = 0.041 ）, anterior myocardial infarction （HR - 2.77. 95% CI： 1.06-7.03, P = 0.04）, longer duration of steroid treatment （HR - 3.60, 95% CI： 1.43-9.08, P 0.032）, and C-reactive protein level 〉10 mg/L （HR 3.98, 95% CI： 1.19 12.56, P = 0.036） were independent predictors of MACEs. Conclusions： Patients with CTD and CAD may have severe coronary lesions. PCI in these patients tends to result in an increased rate of stent thrombosis and TVR during long-term follow-up, which may be influenced by traditional and nontraditional risk factors.

Polymer chains immersed in different solvent molecules exhibit diverse properties due to multiple spatiotemporal scales and complex interactions. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study the conformational and static properties of tagged chains in different solvent molecules. Two types of solvent molecules were examined: one type consisted of chain molecules connected by bonds, while the other type consisted of individual bead molecules without any bonds. The only difference between the two solvent molecules lay in the chain connectivity. Our results show a compression of the tagged chains with the addition of bead or chain molecules. Chain molecule confinement induces a stronger compression compared to bead molecule confinement. In chain solvent molecules, the tagged chain's radius of gyration reached a minimum at a monomer volume fraction of \\(\\sim0.3\\). Notably, the probability distributions of chain size remain unchanged at different solvent densities, irrespective of whether the solvent consists of beads or polymers. Furthermore, as solvent density increases, a crossover from a unimodal to a bimodal distribution of bond angles is observed, indicating the presence of both compressed and expanded regions within the chain. The effective monomer-solvent interaction is obtained by calculating the partial radial distribution function and the potential of the mean force. In chain solvent, the correlation hole effect results in a reduced number of nearest neighbors around tagged monomers compared to bead solvents. The calculation of pore size distribution reveals that the solvent nonhomogeneity induced by chain connectivity leads to a broader distribution of pore sizes and larger pore dimensions at low volume fractions. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the conformational behavior of polymer chains in different solvent environments.

The development of sensors for selective detection of cyanide ion（CN~-） is an important mission to accomplish because of the versatility and toxicity of CN~-. In the present work, an ＂ensemble＂-based colorimetric and fluorescent sensor（L2-Zn~（2＋）） for CN~-ion has been developed. The addition of cyanide ions removed Zn~（2＋） from the ensemble（L2-Zn~（2＋）） in aqueous medium, resulting in a color change of the solution from red to buff and a ＂turn-on＂ fluorescent response. Also, the sensitivity of both the fluorescenceand colorimetric-based assay is below the maximum allowable level of cyanide ions in drinking water set by the World Health Organization. In addition, test strips, which served as convenient and efficient CN~- test kits, were fabricated based on the sensor.Notably, the selective detection of cyanide with L2-Zn~（2＋） for practical application was also performed in sprouting potatoes.