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Katana at Super Hero High
\"In addition to training to be a superhero, Katana also follows the noble warrior traditions of the Samurai. Now an unknown source has given her the responsibility of guarding a hundred ancient Samurai swords--but why her, and for what purpose? With the help of Wonder Woman, Supergirl, Ms. Martian, and some of her other super friends, she intends to find out\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Racial differences in prevention decision making among U.S. women at high risk of breast cancer: A qualitative study
Women at high risk of breast cancer face complex decisions about how to manage those risks. Substantial gaps in current knowledge include how women make these decisions and how decision making may differ across sub-populations. Among these critical gaps are the questions of (a) whether racial differences exist between the experiences of high-risk women navigating breast cancer risk, and (b) what consequences those racial differences might have on women's ability to manage their cancer risks. The present study is designed to address these questions directly.
Fifty semi-structured interviews were conducted with high-risk Black (n = 20) and white women (n = 30) between May 2015 and March 2016 in person in Ohio and by phone. Transcribed data were analyzed using grounded theory methods.
Our analyses suggest that many of the core decision-making dynamics high-risk women navigate differ by race. The experiences of white and Black women in our study differ in terms of (a) contextualizing risk-how women make sense of their own breast cancer risk, the degree to which they worry about risk, and how they prioritize risk within the contexts of their broader lives; (b) conceptualizing risk management-how, how much, and from whom women learn about and conceptualize their options for preventing cancer and/or ensuring that cancer gets diagnosed early; and (c) constraints-the external barriers women face throughout their decision-making and risk-management processes. In sum, the Black women we interviewed reported feeling less well-situated to consider and cope actively with breast cancer risk, less well-informed about risk-management options, and more constrained in their use of these options.
High-risk women's accounts of the complex dynamics that shape breast cancer prevention decisions suggest that these dynamics vary substantially by race, such that Black women may experience disadvantages relative to whites.
Journal Article
The kidney hypothetical, or, How to ruin your life in seven days
A week before high school graduation, Harvard-bound Higgs suddenly finds his life falling apart and the other students turning against him, and somehow it all started with a hypothetical question about donating a kidney--but really it goes much deeper, all the way back to the death of his older brother.
Book
Decision making for breast cancer prevention among women at elevated risk
Several medical management approaches have been shown to be effective in preventing breast cancer and detecting it early among women at elevated risk: 1) prophylactic mastectomy; 2) prophylactic oophorectomy; 3) chemoprevention; and 4) enhanced screening routines. To varying extents, however, these approaches are substantially underused relative to clinical practice recommendations. This article reviews the existing research on the uptake of these prevention approaches, the characteristics of women who are likely to use various methods, and the decision-making processes that underlie the differing choices of women. It also highlights important areas for future research, detailing the types of studies that are particularly needed in four key areas: documenting women’s perspectives on their own perceptions of risk and prevention decisions; explicit comparisons of available prevention pathways and their likely health effects; the psychological, interpersonal, and social processes of prevention decision making; and the dynamics of subgroup variation. Ultimately, this research could support the development of interventions that more fully empower women to make informed and values-consistent decisions, and to move towards favorable health outcomes.
Journal Article
Supergirl at Super Hero High
\"Supergirl is the new girl in school-- and she just also happens to be the most powerful teenager in the galaxy! After losing her home planet of Krypton and everyone she knows, Supergirl has made a new home on Earth, but she isn't so sure that Super Hero High School is the right place for her. Wonder Woman, other new friends, and a kindly librarian make her feel welcome, but breached inter-dimensional portals, invading alien armies, and bad dreams shake her confidence. It's not easy being a super hero and a high school student all at once!\"--Amazon.com
Book
Reducing time to pregnancy and facilitating the birth of healthy children through functional analysis of embryo physiology
An ever-increasing number of couples rely on assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in order to conceive a child. Although advances in embryo culture have led to increases in the success rates of clinical ART, it often takes more than one treatment cycle to conceive a child. Ensuring patients conceive as soon as possible with a healthy embryo is a priority for reproductive medicine. Currently, selection of embryos for transfer relies predominantly on the morphological assessment of the preimplantation embryo; however, morphology is not an absolute link to embryo physiology, nor the health of the resulting child. Non-invasive quantitation of individual embryo physiology, a key regulator of both embryo viability and health, could provide valuable information to assist in the selection of the most viable embryo for transfer, hence reducing the time to pregnancy. Further, according to the Barker Hypothesis, the environment to which a fetus is exposed to during gestation affects subsequent offspring health. If the environment of the preimplantation period is capable of affecting metabolism, which in turn will affect gene expression through the metaboloepigenetic link, then assessment of embryo metabolism should represent an indirect measure of future offspring health. Previously, the term viable embryo has been used in association with the potential of an embryo to establish a pregnancy. Here, we propose the term healthy embryo to reflect the capacity of that embryo to lead to a healthy child and adult. Summary Sentence Functional analysis of preimplantation embryo physiology is a valuable tool for assessment of embryo health.
Journal Article
Maizy Chen's last chance
\"Eleven-year-old Maizy Chen visits her estranged grandparents, who own and run a Chinese restaurant in Last Chance, Minnesota; as her visit lengthens, she makes unexpected discoveries about her family's history and herself\"-- Provided by publisher
Book
Risk-management decision-making data from a community-based sample of racially diverse women at high risk of breast cancer: rationale, methods, and sample characteristics of the Daughter Sister Mother Project survey
Background
To understand the dynamics that limit use of risk-management options by women at high risk of breast cancer, there is a critical need for research that focuses on patient perspectives. Prior research has left important gaps: exclusion of high-risk women not in risk-related clinical care, exclusion of non-white populations, and lack of attention to the decision-making processes that underlie risk-management choices. Our objective was to create a more inclusive dataset to facilitate research to address disparities related to decision making for breast cancer risk management.
Methods
The
Daughter Sister Mother Project
survey collects comprehensive information about the experiences of women at high risk of breast cancer. We collected novel measures of feelings about and reactions to cancer screenings; knowledge, barriers, and facilitators of risk-management options; beliefs related to cancer risk and risk management; and involvement with loved ones who had cancer. Eligible individuals were non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Black adult women who self-identified as having high risk of breast cancer and had no personal history of cancer. Between October 2018 and August 2019, 1053 respondents completed the online survey. Of these, 717 were confirmed through risk prediction modeling to have a lifetime breast cancer risk of ≥ 20%. Sociodemographic characteristics of this sample were compared to those of nationally representative samples of the US population: the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey and the Pew Research Center report:
Jewish Americans in 2020
.
Results
The sample of 717 women at objectively high risk of breast cancer was largely (95%) recruited from non-clinical sources. Of these respondents, only 31% had seen a genetic counselor, 34% had had genetic testing specific to breast cancer risk, and 35% had seen at least one breast or cancer care specialist. The sample includes 35% Black respondents and 8% with Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. Although encompassing a substantial range of ages, incomes, and education levels, respondents are overall somewhat younger, higher-income, and more educated than the US population as a whole.
Conclusions
The DSM dataset offers comprehensive data from a community-based, diverse sample of women at high risk of breast cancer. The dataset includes substantial proportions of Black and Ashkenazi Jewish women and women who are not already in clinical care related to their breast cancer risk. This sample will facilitate future studies of risk-management behaviors among women who are and are not receiving high-risk care, and of variations in risk-management experiences across race and ethnicity.
Journal Article
A copycat conundrum
When one of their classmates starts receiving threatening notes, the Misfits investigate and uncover ties to an art forgery scheme.
CHILDBOOK
Enhancement of curcumin oral absorption and pharmacokinetics of curcuminoids and curcumin metabolites in mice
Purpose
Curcumin has shown a variety of biological activity for various human diseases including cancer in preclinical setting. Its poor oral bioavailability poses significant pharmacological barriers to its clinical application. Here, we established a practical nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) containing up to 20% curcumin (w/w) and conducted the pharmacokinetics of curcuminoids and curcumin metabolites in mice.
Methods
This high loading NEC was formulated based on the high solubility of curcumin in polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and the synergistic enhancement of curcumin absorption by PEGs and Cremophor EL. The pharmacokinetics of curcuminoids and curcumin metabolites was characterized in mice using a LC–MS/MS method, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using WinNonlin computer software.
Results
A tenfold increase in the
AUC
0→24h
and more than 40-fold increase in the
C
max
in mice were observed after an oral dose of NEC compared with suspension curcumin in 1% methylcellulose. The plasma pharmacokinetics of its two natural congeners, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, and three metabolites, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), curcumin-
O
-glucuronide, and curcumin-
O
-sulfate, was characterized for the first time in mice after an oral dose of NEC.
Conclusion
This oral absorption enhanced NEC may provide a practical formulation to conduct the correlative study of the PK of curcuminoids and their pharmacodynamics, e.g., hypomethylation activity in vivo.
Journal Article